Nandwani Urban Horticulture

Sustainability for the Future
1. Auflage 2018
ISBN: 978-3-319-67017-1
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band 18, 249 Seiten

Reihe: Sustainable Development and Biodiversity

This book provides comprehensive information on the rapidly developing field of urban horticulture for sustainable use of land resources and creating a better environment. It presents peer-reviewed chapters from leading international researchers in the field of horticulture technologies, environmental issues, urban horticulture, and landscaping and its role in society. It covers a wide array of topics on this subject and constitutes a valuable reference guide for students, professors, researchers, builders, and agriculturists concerned with urban horticulture, city planning, biodiversity, and the sustainable development of horticultural resources.

Urban horticultural technologies facilitate the efficient use of available land in urban and residential areas, helping meet the demand for fresh fruits and vegetables to feed ever-growing urban populations. The amount of green space in urban areas is dwindling due to rising land prices, while the climbing numbers ofmulti-story buildings are producing various environmental and health issues. Technological advances provide tools and techniques for high-density and vertical cropping in small areas, promoting efficient and sustainable resource utilization. As such, urban horticulture is gaining importance in city planning – not only to bolster the food supply but also to improve the aesthetic value, environmental conditions, landscape, and business environment, while also reducing the consumption of fossil fuel in transportation.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Nandwani, Dilip

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Foreword;6
1.1;Bringing Innovation in Urban Agriculture in the Twenty-first Century;6
2;Acknowledgements;8
3;Contents;9
4;Editor and Contributors;11
5;Abbreviations;15
6;Urban Horticulture Tools and Techniques;16
7;1 Urban Horticulture: Overview of Recent Developments;17
7.1;1.1 What Is Urban Horticulture?;17
7.2;1.2 Urbanization and Urban Communities;21
7.3;1.3 Tools and Techniques of Urban Horticulture;23
7.3.1;1.3.1 Tools of Urban Horticulture;23
7.4;1.4 Urban Agricultural Structures in Modern Times;25
7.4.1;1.4.1 Vertical Farming;26
7.4.2;1.4.2 Hydroponics;29
7.4.3;1.4.3 Aeroponics;31
7.4.4;1.4.4 Aquaponics;32
7.5;1.5 TSU Organic Vertical System Studies;34
7.5.1;1.5.1 Organic Certification;35
7.5.2;1.5.2 Economic Analysis of Vertical Farming;36
7.5.3;1.5.3 Benefits of Vertical Farming;36
7.5.4;1.5.4 Challenges in Vertical Farming;37
7.6;1.6 Recommendations;38
7.7;1.7 Conclusion;39
7.8;1.8 Further Studies;39
7.9;References;39
8;2 Sustainability of Living Wall Systems Through An Ecosystem Services Lens;44
8.1;2.1 Introduction;45
8.2;2.2 Living Wall Systems;45
8.2.1;2.2.1 Classification and Definition;45
8.2.2;2.2.2 Plants;49
8.2.3;2.2.3 Layers, Materials, and Devices;50
8.2.4;2.2.4 Design, Maintenance, and Cost;53
8.3;2.3 LWS and Ecosystem Services;53
8.3.1;2.3.1 Provisioning Services;54
8.3.2;2.3.2 Regulating Services;56
8.3.3;2.3.3 Cultural Services;59
8.4;2.4 Conclusions and Perspectives;61
8.5;References;62
9;3 Improving the Metabolism and Sustainability of Buildings and Cities Through Integrated Rooftop Greenhouses (i-RTG);65
9.1;3.1 Introduction;66
9.2;3.2 Scope of the Project;69
9.3;3.3 System Under Study: The ICTA-ICP Building and the i-RTG;70
9.4;3.4 Methodological Framework;71
9.5;3.5 Characterization of the System;71
9.5.1;3.5.1 Infrastructure: i-RTG Requirements;71
9.5.2;3.5.2 Food Production System;73
9.5.3;3.5.3 Assessment of Resources (Nutrients) and Water Flows;74
9.5.4;3.5.4 Assessment of Energy Flows;75
9.5.5;3.5.5 Managing CO2 Emissions;76
9.5.6;3.5.6 Assessment of the Biomass Production;77
9.6;3.6 Environmental and Economic Studies;78
9.6.1;3.6.1 Environmental Impacts of i-RTG Systems;78
9.6.2;3.6.2 Economic Costs of i-RTGs;79
9.7;3.7 Social Studies on the i-RTG Implementation at the Urban Scale;79
9.8;3.8 Towards the Integration of i-RTGs in Urban Planning;80
9.9;3.9 Conclusions;81
9.10;References;82
10;4 Urban Home Gardens: A Sustainable Conservation Model for Local Plants Based on Mexican Urban Agri-Horticultural Practices;85
10.1;4.1 Introduction;86
10.2;4.2 Size of Peri-urban Versus Rural Home Gardens;87
10.3;4.3 Importance of Plants Present in Home Gardens in Peri-urban and Urban Areas;88
10.4;4.4 Model of Urban Home Gardens in Mexico;90
10.5;4.5 School Home Gardens in Mexico;90
10.6;4.6 Case Study of a Comparison of Peri-urban Versus Rural Home Gardens in Campeche, Mexico;92
10.7;4.7 Conclusion;98
10.8;References;98
11;Urban Landscaping and Design;101
12;5 Toward the Creation of Urban Foodscapes: Case Studies of Successful Urban Agriculture Projects for Income Generation, Food Security, and Social Cohesion;102
12.1;5.1 Introduction;103
12.2;5.2 Economy of the Foodscape: Community Gardening Using Simplified Soilless Systems in the Suburbs of Teresina, Piaui, Brazil;105
12.3;5.3 Health in the Urban Agricultural Foodscape: Assessing Relationships Between Food Security and Obesity in a Low-Income Population at the New Haven Farms;108
12.4;5.4 Community Building in the Foodscape: Rooftop Community Gardening in Bologna, Italy;111
12.5;5.5 Discussion;113
12.6;5.6 Conclusion;115
12.7;References;116
13;6 Smart Precision Lighting for Urban and Landscape Closed Controlled Horticultural Environments;118
13.1;6.1 Introduction;119
13.2;6.2 Closed Controlled Horticultural Environments Requirements for Lighting;121
13.2.1;6.2.1 Functional Requirements;123
13.2.2;6.2.2 Practical Requirements;124
13.2.3;6.2.3 Electrical Requirements;125
13.2.4;6.2.4 Economical Requirements;126
13.2.5;6.2.5 The Technological Context of Artificial Lighting Applications in Horticulture;126
13.3;6.3 Novel Lighting Sources;127
13.3.1;6.3.1 Traditional Lighting Solutions;127
13.3.2;6.3.2 Technological Challenges in Lighting Sources;129
13.3.3;6.3.3 Existing LED-Based Applications in Horticulture Today;130
13.3.4;6.3.4 Design Advantages for the Smart Precision Lighting in Horticulture;132
13.4;6.4 Networked Lighting Fixtures;137
13.4.1;6.4.1 Energy Management Approaches;138
13.4.2;6.4.2 Technologies for Interconnected Lighting Devices;141
13.4.3;6.4.3 Current Commercial Solutions for Artificial Lighting in Horticulture;142
13.4.4;6.4.4 Towards the Networked Clusters of Lighting Devices;143
13.5;6.5 The Integration of Intelligence Towards Smart Precision Lighting;145
13.5.1;6.5.1 Sensors for Smart Precision Lighting;145
13.5.2;6.5.2 Controls in Artificial Lighting Applications in Horticultural Domain;146
13.5.3;6.5.3 Integration of Lighting Systems into Automation Control Systems;147
13.6;6.6 Conclusions;148
13.7;References;149
14;7 Edible Landscaping in Urban Horticulture;152
14.1;7.1 Introduction;152
14.2;7.2 Why We Need Edible Ornamental in Urban Landscaping?;153
14.2.1;7.2.1 Economic;153
14.2.2;7.2.2 Environmental;154
14.2.3;7.2.3 Social;154
14.3;7.3 Edible Landscape Designs;155
14.3.1;7.3.1 Vegetable Gardens;157
14.3.2;7.3.2 Edibles Integration in Ornamental;158
14.3.3;7.3.3 Edible Woody Landscapes;158
14.4;7.4 Alternative of Typical Landscape Plant Categories;160
14.4.1;7.4.1 Ground Covers;160
14.4.2;7.4.2 Annual and Perennial;161
14.4.3;7.4.3 Shrubs;166
14.4.4;7.4.4 Trees;169
14.4.5;7.4.5 Palms;176
14.4.6;7.4.6 Cacti;179
14.4.7;7.4.7 Aquatic and Semi Aquatic Plants;180
14.4.8;7.4.8 Vines;182
14.5;References;183
15;8 Urban Landscaping in the Arid Zone;185
15.1;8.1 The Basics;186
15.2;8.2 Preparation for Plantation;187
15.3;8.3 Species for Landscaping;187
15.4;8.4 Designing Landscapes;188
15.5;8.5 Ornamental Trees;190
15.6;8.6 Ornamental Shrubs;191
15.7;8.7 Suitable Plants for Hedges;192
15.8;8.8 Creepers/Climbers;192
15.9;8.9 Shade-Loving Plants for Indoors/Covered Areas Outside;193
15.10;8.10 Bulbous Plants;194
15.11;8.11 Palms;197
15.12;8.12 Bougainvilleas Varieties;199
15.13;8.13 Cacti and Succulents;200
15.14;8.14 Conclusion;201
15.15;References;217
16;Local Food and Horticulture Education;218
17;9 Urban Agriculture as a Tool for Horticultural Education and Youth Development;219
17.1;9.1 Introduction;220
17.2;9.2 History of School Gardens;221
17.3;9.3 Benefits Garden-Enhanced Learning;222
17.3.1;9.3.1 Science and Academic Achievement;223
17.3.2;9.3.2 Nutrition and Health;225
17.3.3;9.3.3 Environmental Awareness;228
17.3.4;9.3.4 Personal and Social Development;228
17.3.5;9.3.5 Leadership Development and Skill Building;230
17.4;9.4 Case Studies;231
17.4.1;9.4.1 Bruce Vento Elementary School Garden;232
17.4.2;9.4.2 Freeport High School Student Farm and Orchard;233
17.4.3;9.4.3 Growing Good at the MN Landscape Arboretum;234
17.5;9.5 Summary;236
17.6;References;237
18;10 The Role of Urban Horticulture in the Sustainable Agri-Food Movement;241
18.1;References;252
19;Index;254