Non-Pharmacological Interventions

An Essential Answer to Current Demographic, Health, and Environmental Transitions
1. Auflage 2021
ISBN: 978-3-030-60973-3
Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Buch, Englisch, 294 Seiten, Format (B × H): 155 mm x 235 mm, Gewicht: 487 g

Non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs) have become essential solutions for better living, preventing disease, and self-care, in addition to biomedical treatments, and for increasing longevity without loss of quality of life. Over the past 20 years, these practices have gone from general diet and hygiene advice to targeted and personalized solutions for prevention, care optimization, and curative treatments. Selected empirically for centuries or recently with the help of technological innovations and epigenetic, interventional, and medico-economic studies, their development is growing and diversifying around the world. Today an NPI ecosystem is made up of a myriad of public and private actors. As interest in NPIs grows, so do questions about safety, effectiveness, standardization, ethical practice, and surveillance. In this book, the author answers these questions with a scientific approach, because evidence-based science, evidence-based practice, clinical research, and data monitoring have revolutionized this field. 

Topics explored among the chapters include:

·         Defining Non-Pharmacological Interventions

·         The Benefits and Dangers of Non-Pharmacological Interventions

·         Motives and Facilitators of Non-Pharmacological Intervention Use

·         The Market for Non-Pharmacological Interventions

·         Evaluation of Non-Pharmacological Interventions

·         The Future of Non-Pharmacological Interventions

Non-Pharmacological Interventions: An Essential Answer to Current Demographic, Health, and Environmental Transitions is a must-have resource for clinicians and other health professionals, researchers, students, health insurers, policy-makers, caregivers, and entrepreneurs in the health and wellness space, as well as any users who wish to inform themselves about NPIs.

Zielgruppe

Professional/practitioner

Autoren/Hrsg.

Ninot, Gregory

Fachgebiete

• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Komplementäre Medizin, Asiatische Medizin (TCM), Heilpraktiker
• Interdisziplinäres Wissenschaften Wissenschaften Interdisziplinär Ökotrophologie (Ernährungs- und Haushaltswissenschaften)
• Naturwissenschaften Chemie Analytische Chemie Umweltchemie, Lebensmittelchemie
• Sozialwissenschaften Soziologie | Soziale Arbeit Soziologie Allgemein Demographie, Demoskopie
• Geowissenschaften Umweltwissenschaften Umweltwissenschaften
• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Medizin, Gesundheitswesen Präventivmedizin, Gesundheitsförderung, Medizinisches Screening
• Technische Wissenschaften Verfahrenstechnik | Chemieingenieurwesen | Biotechnologie Lebensmitteltechnologie und Getränketechnologie

Inhaltsverzeichnis

IntroductionChapter 1- Definition of Non-Pharmacological Interventions (NPIs)“Alternative medicine”, “natural medicine”, “traditional medicine”, “integrative care”, “lifestyle solutions”, “wellness services”, “goop products” are part of our daily lives now. They invite themselves to take care of our health troubles, to cure our disease, to fight against the effects of aging, to prevent health symptoms, to be better at work, and to improve our well-being. Perhaps you have already tried reflexology, auriculotherapy, fasciatherapy, chiropractic, shiatsu? How to understand it?
1. Inventory2. Avoiding amalgams (such as abuse of weakness, illegal exercises, usurpations of title, misinformation, loss of chance...)3. Definition of NPIs4. Towards the integration of NPIs into individual health pathways
Chapter 2- Reasons for the Success of NPIsNothing seems to have stopped the development of NPIs for the past 10 years around the world. Their success is such that not a day goes by without the publication of a study in a scientific journal, an article in the press, and hundreds of posts on social media networks. Not a week goes by without a television report or a special feature in a magazine. Not a month goes by without a congress or a specialized fair. This chapter explains the reasons for this success.
1. Epigenetics2. Behavioral roots3. The importance of quality of life4. Keys to prevent and care for chronic diseases5. A bulwark against comorbidities6. The myth of the rationale human7. The digital and technological revolution8. Direct and indirect cost savings9. Early screening and diagnosis10. Collateral damage from chemistry and biotechnology11. The progress of intervention research
Chapter 3– Mechanisms at Play in NPIsIn a Western world, which has made rationality one of its cardinal virtues, man seeks at all costs an explanation - and if possible the simplest explanation - for his state of health, and in the most personal way - attempts to improve it.NPIs are no exception. Some lean for biological effects, others for psychological effects, others for systemic effects. Critics reduce them at best to placebo effects or evaluative biases, at worst to manipulations of ugly guru or greedy traders.What are the real mechanisms? This chapter provides an overview of the main ones.
1. The natural course of the disease2. Biological mechanisms3. Neurological mechanisms4. Psychological processes5. The placebo effect6. The nursing effect7. Cumulative effects8. Methodological errors9. As long as it works 
Chapter 4 –The Benefits of NPIs "It makes me feel good," summarizes the most frequently heard opinion on NPIs. Is this sufficient justification to use them without moderation? Does satisfaction prove that non-pharmacological treatment or preventive action is effective? The answer is no; better well-being is necessary but not enough.Trusting a paid professional or interested manufacturer is little better, due to an obvious conflict of interest.For the past 20 years, rigorous studies have been carried out to provide evidence of the benefits of NPIs on health indicators -- not only benefits, but also risks, because any health solution carries risks.
1. Research results on NPIs2. Assessment by category of NPIs 
Chapter 5 – The Dangers of NPIs Who can say with certainty that "natural" medicine is safe for health? How can you be sure that a food supplement generates no risk? How to certify that a psychotherapy does not hide a sectarian approach? How to avoid abuses and misuses?Is it enough to say that a product is natural, a medicine is traditional, or a food supplement is seen on TV? How do I know if an NPI does not interfere with a medication?Nothing can guarantee the zero risk of an NPI without prior study. However, as no standard for clinical validation of NPI exists, as no monitoring procedure is instituted, as no safety control is practiced, as no standardization of training is in force, the offer of NPIs looks like a jungle. The best meets the worst. Danger is everywhere. So, let's take a closer look.
1. Globalized disinformation 2. The dangers of natural recipes and traditional practices3. Ecological disasters 4. Fashion effects 5. The risks of side effects 6. Inappropriate doses 7. The nocebo effect 8. The sectarian aberrations 9. Usage constraints 10. Risks 
Chapter 6 – Choosing NPIs How to choose the right NPIs? Trust our intuition? Trust a close person who has benefited? Follow media advice? Choose the offer closest to where you live? Prefer the professional who gives the most time at the best price? What care should you do? How to avoid preventive and therapeutic wandering? The use of an NPI is never completely by chance. This chapter addresses these moments that do not always lead to the best choice.
1. A testimony2. Early detection 3. Maternity or paternity 4. Professional failure or success 5. A personal adventure 6. A book, a conference, a show7. Announcement of an illness8. A real meeting with a health professional9. Pain10. Fifties11. The death of a close person12. A romantic encounter or separation13. A hospitalization14. Palliative care
Chapter 7 – The Market for NPIs The popularity of NPIs is growing; the offer is diversifying. They are accessible everywhere, from hospitals to city medicine, from pharmacies to websites, from hotels to shopping centers. Obscure trade names ending in “–path” or “–gist” appear on city walls. A vast and promising market for entrepreneurs and investors. A boon for communities in terms of jobs and attractiveness. A limitless area of innovation.
1. The users2. Various professionals 3. The market 4. An offer pushed by the tourism industry and the large distribution 5. Reimbursement of NPIs 6. Research and innovation, a full-fledged market 7. Start-ups 8. Multinationals of pharmacy, digital, and food industries9. Investors increasingly interested in and savvy with big data 10.Health: an expense and an investment 
Chapter 8 – Evaluating NPIs For thousands of years, practices resembling NPIs have been used for treatment. For hundreds of years, case studies have demonstrated the benefits for health and well-being. Observational studies have been pointing to longer lifespans for decades. In recent years, clinical studies have noted benefits on biological, psychological, and socio-economic markers.However, authorities and learned societies remain skeptical. Collective health professionals are protesting against these practices and widening the gap with a well-established opinion. Why?
1. Overcoming controversies 2. A request for proof of effectiveness 3. Exacerbated caution from the authorities, which contrasts with practices4. The example of the drug 5. The application of Evidence-Based Medicine, the only future for NPIs 6. Research has been organized since 2010 7. Innovating in NPI assessment protocols 8. Evaluation and monitoring of NPIs 9. Decoding intervention studies 10.Decoding meta-analyses 11.Decoding the opinions of the authorities12. An essential paradigmatic convergence 
Chapter 9 – The Future of NPIsThe previous chapters have made it possible to better understand the reasons for the success of NPIs on the planet and the excesses by assimilating them to public health messages or to alternative medicines. What are they missing that the future will have to solve?
1. Organization2. Understanding3. Monitoring4. Regulation5. Training 
Conclusion

Über Autor(innen)

Gregory Ninot, PhD, is full professor at the University of Montpellier and at the Montpellier Cancer Institute in France. He has followed a dual curriculum in sports sciences (Master’s, PhD) and psychology (Master’s, PhD) applied to health. Since 1999, his basic research has focused on integrated models explaining psychological and behavioral adjustment to chronic disease and healthy aging. His applied research focuses on assessing the benefits, risks, and cost-effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs). He is the author of more than 150 articles in international scientific and medical journals and 11 books. He has led several multidisciplinary academic research units interested in health issues. He founded and currently manages a University collaborative platform, the Plateforme CEPS; organizes an annual international conference (iCEPS Conference, www.icepsconference.fr); and develops digital tools (e.g., www.motrial.fr, www.nishare.fr, www.niri.fr) to improve NPI assessment and evidence-based practices. Since 2014, he has run a blog on NPIs (www.blogensante.fr/en/).