Pielke Mesoscale Meteorological Modeling

1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-0-08-092526-4
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 599 Seiten, Web PDF

To effectively utilize mesoscale dynamical simulations of the atmosphere, it is necessary to have an understanding the basic physical and mathematical foundations of the models and to have an appreciation of how a particular atmospheric system works. Mesoscale Meteorological Modeling provides such an overview of mesoscale numerical modeling. Starting with fundamental concepts, this text can be used to evaluate the scientific basis of any simulation model that has been or will be developed. Basic material is provided for the beginner as well as more in-depth treatment for the specialist. This text is useful to both the practitioner and the researcher of the mesoscale phenomena.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Pielke, Roger A.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Mesoscale Meteorological Modeling;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;Preface;10
6;Chapter 1. Introduction;14
7;Chapter 2. Basic Set of Equations;16
7.1;2.1 Conservation of Mass;16
7.2;2.2 Conservation of Heat;18
7.3;2.3 Conservation of Motion;26
7.4;2.4 Conservation of Water;30
7.5;2.5 Conservation of Other Gaseous and Aerosol Materials;31
7.6;2.6 Summary;32
7.7;Notes;34
7.8;Bibliography;34
8;Chapter 3. Simplification of the Basic Equations;36
8.1;3.1 Conservation of Mass;36
8.2;3.2 Conservation of Heat;42
8.3;3.3 Conservation of Motion;43
8.4;3.4 Conservation of Water and Other Gaseous and Aerosol Contaminants;53
8.5;Notes;54
9;Chapter 4. Averaging the Conservation Relations;55
9.1;4.1 Definition of Averages;55
9.2;4.2 Vorticity Equation;62
9.3;4.3 Diagnostic Equation for Nonhydrostatic Pressure;65
9.4;4.4 Scaled Pressure Form;67
9.5;4.5 Summary;69
9.6;Appendix;69
9.7;Notes;71
9.8;Bibliography;72
10;Chapter 5. Types of Models;73
10.1;5.1 Physical Models;73
10.2;5.2 Linear Models;79
10.3;Notes;114
10.4;Useful References;114
11;Chapter 6. Coordinate Transformations;115
11.1;6.1 Tensor Analysis;115
11.2;6.2 Generalized Vertical Coordinate;124
11.3;6.3 The Hydrostatic Assumption;131
11.4;6.4 Summary;138
11.5;Notes;139
11.6;Bibliography;140
12;Chapter 7. Parameterization—Averaged Subgrid Scale Fluxes;141
12.1;7.1 Basic Terms;143
12.2;7.2 Gaussian Plume Model;148
12.3;7.3 Similarity Theory;153
12.4;7.4 Planetary Boundary Layer Parameterization;164
12.5;7.5 Use of a Boundary Layer Parameterization to Estimate Transport and Diffusion;186
12.6;Notes;196
12.7;Bibliography;199
13;Chapter 8. Averaged Radiation Flux Divergence;200
13.1;8.1 Introduction;200
13.2;8.2 Basic Concepts;200
13.3;8.3 Longwave Radiative Flux;204
13.4;8.4 Shortwave Radiative Flux;223
13.5;Notes;237
13.6;Bibliography;238
14;Chapter 9. Parameterization of Moist Thermodynamic Processes;240
14.1;9.1 Introduction;240
14.2;9.2 The Parameterization of the Influence of Phase Changes of Water in a Convectively Stable Atmosphere;242
14.3;9.3 The Parameterization of the Influences of Phase Changes of Water in a Convectively Unstable Atmosphere;254
14.4;Notes;281
14.5;Bibliography;283
15;Chapter 10. Methods of Solution;284
15.1;10.1 Finite Difference Schemes;285
15.2;10.2 Upstream Interpolation Schemes;310
15.3;10.3 Finite Element Representation;320
15.4;10.4 Diagnostic Equations;334
15.5;10.5 Time Splitting;336
15.6;10.6 Nonlinear Effects;337
15.7;10.7 Summary;344
15.8;Notes;344
15.9;Bibliograph;345
16;Chapte 11. Boundary and Initial Conditions;346
16.1;11.1 Grid and Domain Structure;346
16.2;11.2 Initialization;362
16.3;11.3 Spatial Boundary Conditions;374
16.4;Notes;431
17;Chapter 12. Model Evaluation;434
17.1;12.1 Evaluation Criteria;434
17.2;12.2 Comparison with Analytic Theory;435
17.3;12.3 Comparison with Other Numerical Models;443
17.4;12.4 Comparison against Different Model Formulations;444
17.5;12.5 Calculation of Model Budgets;452
17.6;12.6 Comparison with Observations;461
17.7;12.7 Availability of Model Logic;466
17.8;Notes;466
18;Chapter 13. Examples of Mesoscale Models;468
18.1;13.1 Terrain-Induced Mesoscale Systems;469
18.2;13.2 Synoptically-Induced Mesoscale Systems;509
18.3;Notes;521
18.4;Bibliography;521
19;Appendix A: The Solution of Equations (10-21a), (10-38), and (10-56) with Periodic Boundary Conditions;522
20;Appendix B: Model Summary;525
20.1;I. Groups Active in Prognostic Numerical Mesoscale Modeling in 1983;526
20.2;II. Examples of Groups Active in Modeling Whose Work is of Direct Relevance to Mesoscale Modeling;547
21;References;554
22;Index;614