Preiser / Hardy / Schramm Building Performance Evaluation

From Delivery Process to Life Cycle Phases
2. Auflage 2018
ISBN: 978-3-319-56862-1
Verlag: Springer Nature Switzerland
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 320 Seiten

The main aim of this book is to present an intriguing retrospective of Building Performance Evaluation (BPE) as it evolved from Post-Occupancy Evaluation (POE) over the past 25 years. On one hand, this is done by updating original authors' chapter content of Building Evaluation, the first edition published in 1989. That, in turn, is augmented by an orientation toward current and future practice on the other, including new authors who are engaged in ongoing, cutting edge projects. Therefore, individual, methodology oriented chapters covering the fundamental principles of POE and BPE go along with major thematic chapters, topics of which like sustainability or integration of new technologies are addressed in a diversity of case studies from around the globe.  Research, methodologies, and framework of POEs continue to evolve. POEs are one step, on the larger scale of BPE, in understanding how buildings function after they are occupied. This resource helps architects, building owners, and facility managers understand the implications and reactions to the facilities that they designed, built and/or commissioned. By considering the whole process from conception to future uses of the building, there can be a more holistic approach to the planning, programming, design, construction, occupancy, and future adaptability of the structure. This book is dedicated to first editor Wolfgang F. E. Preiser who passed away during the process of editing and reviewing chapters of this volume.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Preiser, Wolfgang F. E.

Hardy, Andrea E.

Schramm, Ulrich

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Foreword;6
1.1;Why Building Performance Evaluation Matters;6
1.2;References;8
1.3;Sec1;6
2;Preface;10
2.1;Sec3;10
3;Acknowledgements;12
4;Contents;13
5;Contributors;16
6;Introduction;18
7;1 From Linear Delivery Process to Life Cycle Phases: The Validity of the Concept of Building Performance Evaluation;19
7.1;1.1 Transcending the Meaning and Boundaries of POE;19
7.1.1;1.1.1 The Evolution of POE;19
7.1.2;1.1.2 Holistic Thinking: The Building Life Cycle;23
7.2;1.2 The BPE Process Model;24
7.2.1;1.2.1 Life Cycle Phases and Review Loops;24
7.2.2;1.2.2 The Performance Concept: Addressing Fitness for Use;28
7.3;1.3 Validity of the BPE Concept;29
7.3.1;1.3.1 Applications Around the World;29
7.3.2;1.3.2 Contributions to Sustainable Development;30
7.3.3;1.3.3 Improvements in Building Process and Quality;30
7.4;1.4 Conclusion;31
7.5;Acknowledgements;32
8;Frontiers of Building Evaluation;35
9;2 From POE to BPE: The Next Era;37
9.1;2.1 The Future of POE;37
9.2;2.2 Barriers to Uptake of POE;37
9.3;2.3 POE Influencers;39
9.4;2.4 POE Throughout the Project and Building Life-Cycle;40
9.5;2.5 New Means of Data Collation;41
9.6;2.6 Conclusion;42
9.7;References;42
10;3 Critical Frameworks for Building Evaluation: User Satisfaction, Environmental Measurements and the Technical Attributes of Building Systems (POE + M);44
10.1;3.1 Synopsis;44
10.2;3.2 Total Building Performance Is Critical to Building Evaluation;45
10.2.1;3.2.1 Defining Total Building Performance;45
10.2.2;3.2.2 Physiological, Psychological, Sociological, and Economic Assessments of Total Building Performance;47
10.3;3.3 Expertise on the Integrated and Occupied Settings Is Critical to Building Evaluation;48
10.4;3.4 POE + Measurement Is Critical to Building Evaluation;48
10.4.1;3.4.1 User Satisfaction Surveys: Right-Now and Year-Round;48
10.4.2;3.4.2 Field IEQ Measurements, Sampling, Versus Codes and Standards: NEAT;50
10.4.3;3.4.3 Recording the Technical Attributes of Building Systems: TABS;51
10.4.4;3.4.4 Putting It All Together: Databases and Statistical Analyses;52
10.5;3.5 POE + M Results;52
10.5.1;3.5.1 POE + M to Promote Occupants as Integrated Sensors and Controllers;53
10.5.2;3.5.2 POE + M to Identify Technologies and Systems that Work;53
10.5.3;3.5.3 POE + M to Refine Codes and Standards for Performance;55
10.5.4;3.5.4 POE + M to Promote Innovation for Performance;57
10.5.5;3.5.5 POE + M to Prove that Place Impacts Health and Productivity;58
10.6;3.6 The Future of POE + M with Measures of Productivity and Health;59
10.7;Acknowledgements;59
10.8;References;60
11;4 Informed Design: A Post-Occupancy Evaluation Toolkit for Courthouses;64
11.1;4.1 Introduction;64
11.2;4.2 POE Toolkit Project Parameters;65
11.3;4.3 The Toolkit;66
11.3.1;4.3.1 Data-Gathering Forms;67
11.3.2;4.3.2 Supplemental Studies;69
11.4;4.4 Who Should be Involved in the POE?;70
11.5;4.5 The POE Process;70
11.5.1;4.5.1 Preparation;71
11.5.2;4.5.2 On-Site;71
11.5.3;4.5.3 After the Site-Visit;72
11.6;4.6 Pilot Application of the POE Toolkit;72
11.7;4.7 Conclusion—Opportunities to Contribute to Best Practices;74
11.8;References;75
12;5 Synthetic Populations of Building Office Occupants and Behaviors;77
12.1;5.1 Introduction;77
12.2;5.2 Building Occupant Behavior and Synthetic Databases;77
12.3;5.3 Creating a Synthetic Population of Building Occupants;78
12.4;5.4 Uses of Synthesized Data;83
12.5;5.5 Methodological Implications and Limitations;83
12.6;5.6 Conclusion: Theoretical Implications and Future Research;84
12.7;Acknowledgements;84
12.8;References;84
13;6 From Pre- to Post-occupancy Evaluations: Acceptance of Intelligent Building Technologies;87
13.1;6.1 Introduction;87
13.2;6.2 Pre-occupancy Evaluations;88
13.2.1;6.2.1 Building Users’ Expectations, Concerns, and Attitudes Regarding Intelligent Buildings;88
13.2.2;6.2.2 Usability-Testing of Room Control Unit;89
13.2.3;6.2.3 Proto-Type Testing of Micro-Curricula Applications via Smart Phones;90
13.3;6.3 Post-occupancy Evaluations;91
13.3.1;6.3.1 POE of the Cognitive Interaction Technology Center of Excellence (CITEC), Bielefeld Campus;91
13.3.2;6.3.2 POE of the New Intelligent Campus Building, Minden Campus;94
13.3.3;6.3.3 Recommended Actions;97
13.4;6.4 Conclusions;97
13.5;References;98
14;7 Evaluating the Built Environment from the Users’ Perspective: Implications of Attitudinal Models of Satisfaction;101
14.1;7.1 Introduction;101
14.2;7.2 Satisfaction as an Evaluation Criterion;102
14.3;7.3 Utility of Models;102
14.4;7.4 Evolution of Users’ Satisfaction Models;103
14.5;7.5 An Attitudinal Model of Satisfaction;104
14.6;7.6 Implications of Attitudinal Models of Satisfaction;105
14.7;7.7 Conclusion;107
14.8;References;108
15;8 Towards a Hospital Activation Process Model;112
15.1;8.1 Introduction and Background;112
15.2;8.2 Methodology;114
15.2.1;8.2.1 Interviews and Survey Questionnaire;114
15.2.2;8.2.2 Document Analysis;114
15.2.3;8.2.3 Findings;114
15.2.4;8.2.4 Workshops;116
15.3;8.3 The Facility Activation Process Model;116
15.4;8.4 Phase I: Initiation;117
15.4.1;8.4.1 Purpose;117
15.4.2;8.4.2 Timing and Resources;117
15.4.3;8.4.3 Major Tasks;117
15.5;8.5 Phase II: Organization/Planning;118
15.5.1;8.5.1 Purpose;118
15.5.2;8.5.2 Timing and Resources;118
15.5.3;8.5.3 Major Tasks;119
15.6;8.6 Phase III: People/Facility Readiness;121
15.6.1;8.6.1 Purpose;121
15.6.2;8.6.2 Timing and Resources;121
15.6.3;8.6.3 Major Tasks;121
15.7;8.7 Phase IV: Start-up;122
15.7.1;8.7.1 Purpose;122
15.7.2;8.7.2 Timing and Resources;122
15.7.3;8.7.3 Major Tasks;122
15.8;8.8 Phase V: Operation;123
15.8.1;8.8.1 Purpose;123
15.8.2;8.8.2 Duration and Resources;124
15.8.3;8.8.3 Major Tasks;124
15.9;8.9 Conclusions;124
15.9.1;8.9.1 The Evaluation of the Facility Activation Successfully Demonstrated the POE Approach;124
15.9.2;8.9.2 Evaluation of the Facility Activation Process;124
15.9.3;8.9.3 A More Focused and Proactive POE Approach Evaluated Facility Activations;125
15.9.4;8.9.4 The Evaluation Achieved Its Purposes;125
15.10;Acknowledgements;125
15.11;References;125
16;Advances in Evaluation Knowledge;127
17;9 Merging Tradition and Innovation: Programming New Workplaces for Tradition-Steeped Companies;129
17.1;9.1 Introduction;129
17.2;9.2 Tradition and Innovation;130
17.3;9.3 Situation and Project Approach;130
17.4;9.4 Requirements;132
17.4.1;9.4.1 Process and Methodology;132
17.4.2;9.4.2 Engineering Innovative Workplace Concepts;133
17.4.3;9.4.3 Implementing Traditional Elements;134
17.5;9.5 Workplace Concept;135
17.6;9.6 Post-occupancy Feedback;136
17.7;9.7 Conclusion;138
17.8;References;139
18;10 Building-In-Use Assessment: Foundation of Workspace Psychology;140
18.1;10.1 Introduction;140
18.2;10.2 Assessment Tools;140
18.3;10.3 Satisfaction and Productivity;141
18.4;10.4 Levels of Productivity;142
18.5;10.5 Workspace Comfort;144
18.6;10.6 Psychological Comfort;146
18.7;10.7 Future Research;147
18.8;10.8 Conclusions;148
18.9;References;148
19;11 Evaluating Workplace Constructs Using Computerized Techniques of Space Syntax;151
19.1;11.1 Introduction;151
19.2;11.2 Current Workplace Standards in Dubai;151
19.3;11.3 Economic Boom and Diversity in Dubai;152
19.4;11.4 Workplace Design Standards;152
19.5;11.5 Architects Integrating Space Syntax in Their Practice;155
19.6;11.6 Importance of Interactions at the Workplace;156
19.7;11.7 Intelligibility in the Space Syntax Literature;157
19.8;11.8 Space Syntax in Design Practice in Dubai;159
19.9;11.9 Conclusion;163
19.10;References;163
20;12 Social Interactions in Work Environments: Expanding Building Evaluation;165
20.1;12.1 Introduction;165
20.2;12.2 From Social Space to Social Interactions;166
20.3;12.3 Building Evaluation;167
20.3.1;12.3.1 Social Perspectives in Building Evaluation;167
20.3.2;12.3.2 An Increasing Social Focus;168
20.4;12.4 Evaluating Social Activity: A Multi-method Approach;170
20.5;12.5 Focused Ethnography;170
20.6;12.6 Method Testing in Three Northern European Work Environments;170
20.7;12.7 Investigation Methods;174
20.7.1;12.7.1 Building Observations;174
20.7.2;12.7.2 Informant Observations;175
20.7.3;12.7.3 Activity Mapping;175
20.7.4;12.7.4 Semi-structured Interviews;176
20.7.5;12.7.5 Photographic Recordings;176
20.7.6;12.7.6 Video Recordings;176
20.8;12.8 Case-Study Findings;178
20.9;12.9 Conclusions;180
20.10;References;180
21;13 Making POE Work in an Organization;182
21.1;13.1 Introduction;182
21.2;13.2 Background;183
21.3;13.3 Establishing and Maintaining POE;183
21.4;13.4 POE as an Organizational Process;186
21.5;13.5 POE for Design and Facilities Management;187
21.6;13.6 Building a Data Base;187
21.7;13.7 POE After MWD;188
21.8;13.8 Conclusion;189
21.9;References;190
22;14 POE for Organizations with a Repetitive Building Type;191
22.1;14.1 Introduction;191
22.2;14.2 Pre-visit Preparation;192
22.3;14.3 Site Visit;194
22.4;14.4 Post-visit Data Recording and Analysis;196
22.4.1;14.4.1 Recording the POE Database;196
22.4.2;14.4.2 Analysis;196
22.4.3;14.4.3 Recommendation Categories for Implementation;197
22.5;14.5 Feedforward;197
22.6;14.6 Discussion and Observations;198
22.7;References;200
23;15 US Army Command Headquarters: Evaluating Existing Buildings to Set Design Requirements;201
23.1;15.1 Introduction;201
23.2;15.2 Background;201
23.3;15.3 Scope of Work;202
23.4;15.4 Issues Provoking the Evaluation;203
23.5;15.5 Methods;204
23.6;15.6 Application;210
23.7;15.7 Validation and Conclusion;210
23.8;References;211
24;Advances in Evaluation Methods;213
25;16 A Comparative Analysis of Predictive and Actual Performance of High Performance LEED™ Buildings;216
25.1;16.1 Sustainable Building Performance: A Systems Approach;216
25.2;16.2 Sustainable Building Performance as Place Experience;217
25.3;16.3 Case Study: POE of a LEED™ Platinum Certified Building;219
25.4;16.4 Comprehensive Building Performance Protocol for LEED™ Buildings;220
25.5;16.5 The Building Energy Performance;221
25.6;16.6 IEQ Assessments;222
25.6.1;16.6.1 Visual Comfort Analysis;223
25.6.2;16.6.2 Thermal Comfort Analysis;223
25.6.3;16.6.3 Occupants Satisfaction Analysis;225
25.7;16.7 Conclusions;226
25.8;References;227
26;17 Post-Occupancy Evaluation: Research Paradigm or Diagnostic Tool;230
26.1;17.1 Introduction;230
26.2;17.2 Environment-Behavior Research;231
26.3;17.3 Why Distinguish Between Practice-Based and Academic-Based Research?;232
26.4;17.4 Quantitative and Qualitative Data;233
26.5;17.5 Ethnography;234
26.6;17.6 Facility Management and POE;235
26.7;17.7 Conclusion;235
26.8;References;236
27;18 Towards Wellbeing: Hospital Evaluation Using the Problem-Seeking Method;238
27.1;18.1 Introduction;238
27.2;18.2 Method;242
27.3;18.3 Five Steps and Four Considerations;242
27.3.1;18.3.1 Basis of Design;243
27.3.2;18.3.2 Quantitative Description;244
27.3.3;18.3.3 Qualitative Description;244
27.3.4;18.3.4 Assessment;245
27.3.5;18.3.5 Lessons Learned;246
27.4;18.4 Evaluation Activities;246
27.5;18.5 Case Study;247
27.5.1;18.5.1 Case Study Evaluation Process;248
27.5.2;18.5.2 Lessons Learned from the Case Study;249
27.6;18.6 Synopsis of the Problem Seeking Method;250
27.7;18.7 Conclusions;252
27.8;Acknowledgements;253
27.9;Bibliography;253
28;19 Evaluating Changes in Sustainability Culture: A Model for Universities and Other Organizations;255
28.1;19.1 Introduction;255
28.2;19.2 Sustainability at the University of Michigan;256
28.3;19.3 The Sustainability Cultural Indicators Program;257
28.3.1;19.3.1 Questionnaires;257
28.3.2;19.3.2 Population and Sample;257
28.3.3;19.3.3 Findings;258
28.4;19.4 Using SCIP to Test New Initiatives;261
28.4.1;19.4.1 Composting Experiment;262
28.4.2;19.4.2 Evaluation Plan;262
28.5;19.5 Summary;264
28.6;References;264
29;20 Mind the Gap: Studying Actual Versus Predicted Performance of Green Buildings in Canada;266
29.1;20.1 Introduction;266
29.2;20.2 Nine Green Buildings;267
29.3;20.3 Project Methodology;268
29.4;20.4 Anticipated and Actual Building Performance;270
29.4.1;20.4.1 Occupancy;270
29.4.2;20.4.2 Energy;271
29.4.3;20.4.3 Water Use;273
29.4.4;20.4.4 Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ);274
29.5;20.5 Discussion: Performance Gaps;275
29.6;20.6 Conclusion;278
29.7;References;278
30;21 The College and University Campus: Facility Assessments for Long Term Decision Making;280
30.1;21.1 Introduction;280
30.2;21.2 Building Evaluations and Future Decision-Making;281
30.3;21.3 Functional Assessments;283
30.4;21.4 Functional Assessments—Data Gathering;284
30.5;21.5 Functional Assessment—Analysis;286
30.6;21.6 Conclusion;288
30.7;References;288
31;22 Emerging Trends in Performance Evaluation of Pediatric Intensive Care Units in Japanese Children’s Hospitals;290
31.1;22.1 Introduction;290
31.2;22.2 Research Objectives and Methodology;291
31.3;22.3 Process of Evidence-Based Design;292
31.4;22.4 Building Performance Evaluation of PICU;292
31.4.1;22.4.1 Number of Beds and Staff;292
31.4.2;22.4.2 Use of Nursing Rooms;293
31.4.3;22.4.3 Attributes of Patients;293
31.5;22.5 Analysis on Medical and Nursing Activities Surrounding PICU Beds;293
31.5.1;22.5.1 Average Space Planning for PICU Bed;293
31.5.2;22.5.2 Case Using ECMO;294
31.5.3;22.5.3 Case with Suitable Space;295
31.6;22.6 Healing Environment for Children Patients and Their Families;296
31.6.1;22.6.1 Resource to Remedy Patient Anxiety;296
31.6.2;22.6.2 Issues on Visitors;296
31.6.3;22.6.3 Comparison with Visiting Situations;296
31.7;22.7 Some Recent Development;297
31.8;22.8 Conclusions;297
31.9;Bibliography;298
32;23 Feeding the Knowledge Forward: Advancements in Post-Occupancy Evaluation Application Through Collaboration;300
32.1;23.1 Introduction;300
32.2;23.2 Planning the POE;301
32.3;23.3 Conducting the POE;301
32.4;23.4 Reporting POE Findings;302
32.4.1;23.4.1 Workflow;303
32.4.2;23.4.2 Communication;303
32.4.3;23.4.3 Privacy and Confidentiality;303
32.4.4;23.4.4 Safety and Security;304
32.5;23.5 Applying POE Outcomes;304
32.6;23.6 Discussion;307
32.6.1;23.6.1 All-Inclusive, Collaborative Process;308
32.6.2;23.6.2 Easily Interpreted Evidence;308
32.6.3;23.6.3 Active Participant Engagement with the Evidence;308
32.6.4;23.6.4 Feasible Outcomes Grounded in Research;309
32.7;23.7 Conclusion;309
32.8;Acknowledgements;309
32.9;References;309
33;Epilogue;311
34;24 Epilogue: From Building Evaluation to Building Performance Evaluation and Beyond;312
34.1;References;318
35;Index;319