Reisman Thomas Robert Malthus

1. Auflage 2018
ISBN: 978-3-030-01956-3
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 314 Seiten

Reihe: Progress in Mathematics

Thomas Robert Malthus (1766-1834) was a leading figure in the British classical school of economics, best-known for extending the insights of Adam Smith at a time of revolutionary improvements in agriculture and industry. This book explores the way in which he accounted for the tendency to overpopulation, the exhaustion of arable land and the deficiency of effective demand.Malthus relied on historical and empirical evidence in the spirit of Bacon and Hume, but also backed up his data with a priori hypotheses that link him to his contemporary, David Ricardo. Malthus was strongly in favour of free trade, the minimal State, the gold standard and the abolition of poverty relief. Always a pragmatist, however, he was just as much in favour of public education, contra-cyclical public works and a safety net of tariffs and bounties to encourage national self-sufficiency with regard to food. He was both an economist and a clergyman and saw the two roles as interconnected. Malthus believed that a benevolent Deity had created vice and misery in order to shake human beings out of their natural indolence that would otherwise have condemned them to still greater distress. 
This title provides a clear and comprehensive examination of Malthus's economic and social thought. It will be of interest to students and scholars alike.



David Reisman is Professor Emeritus of Economics, University of Surrey, UK, and Senior Associate, Centre for Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. Reisman has also published James Buchanan and James Edward Meade within Palgrave Macmillan's series Great Thinkers in Economics

Autoren/Hrsg.

Reisman, David

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Also by David Reisman;6
2;Contents;8
3;1 Introduction;10
3.1;1.1From Theology to Political Economy;11
3.2;1.2Enemies and Friends;24
3.3;1.3An Underdeveloped Country;30
3.4;References;34
4;2 Induction and Deduction;38
4.1;2.1The Mixed Methodology;40
4.2;2.2Population Malthus;46
4.3;References;55
5;3 The Law of Population;58
5.1;3.1The Optimum Population;58
5.2;3.2The Ratios;61
5.3;3.3The Checks;62
5.4;3.4Moral Restraint;67
5.5;3.5The Road to Moral Restraint;71
5.6;3.6Employment;74
5.7;3.7Emigration;76
5.8;3.8Statement, Prediction and Tendency;79
5.9;References;84
6;4 Public Policy;86
6.1;4.1Law and Order;87
6.2;4.2Good Government;89
6.3;4.3The Politics of Fear;92
6.4;4.4The State as Leader;94
6.4.1;4.4.1Population;94
6.4.2;4.4.2Pay;96
6.4.3;4.4.3Property;97
6.5;4.5Education for Citizenship;100
6.6;References;104
7;5 The Poor Laws;106
7.1;5.1Income Maintenance: The First Essay;107
7.2;5.2Poor People: The Later Essays;111
7.3;5.3Institutional Reform;113
7.4;5.4The Right to Welfare;115
7.5;5.5The Social Contract;118
7.6;5.6The End of the Poor Laws;120
7.7;References;122
8;6 Balanced Growth;123
8.1;6.1The Surplus;123
8.2;6.2The Primary Sector;128
8.3;6.3The Secondary Sector;130
8.4;6.4The Dual Economy;132
8.4.1;6.4.1Reciprocal Demand;132
8.4.2;6.4.2A Balanced Economy;134
8.5;References;136
9;7 Tariffs and Bounties;138
9.1;7.1Investigation of the High Price of Provisions (1800);140
9.2;7.2Observations on the Corn Laws (1814);141
9.3;7.3Grounds of an Opinion (1815);146
9.4;7.4An Inquiry into Rent (1815);150
9.4.1;7.4.1Rents and Profits;150
9.4.2;7.4.2The Real Wage;153
9.5;7.5The Essay on Population;155
9.6;7.6The Land and the Principles;159
9.6.1;7.6.1Free Trade in Grain;159
9.6.2;7.6.2Rise and Fall;160
9.7;7.7Towards 1836;162
9.8;References;163
10;8 The Circular Flow;165
10.1;8.1Wealth;165
10.1.1;8.1.1Goods;166
10.1.2;8.1.2Services;167
10.2;8.2Value;169
10.3;8.3Say’s Law;174
10.4;8.4Oscillation and Trend;177
10.4.1;8.4.1The Fluctuations;177
10.4.2;8.4.2The Trend;179
10.5;8.5The Golden Mean;181
10.6;8.6Restoring the Balance;184
10.7;References;187
11;9 Circular Flow and Social Class;190
11.1;9.1The Working Class;191
11.1.1;9.1.1The Population Constraint;192
11.1.2;9.1.2Earning and Spending;193
11.1.3;9.1.3Informal Indexation;195
11.1.4;9.1.4Capital and Labour;197
11.1.5;9.1.5Jobless Growth;199
11.2;9.2The Middle Class;202
11.3;9.3The Landowners;206
11.3.1;9.3.1A Spending Class;206
11.3.2;9.3.2Unproductive Consumption;209
11.4;References;211
12;10 Society and State;214
12.1;10.1The Distribution of Land;215
12.1.1;10.1.1Distance and Demand;215
12.1.2;10.1.2Land and Law;218
12.1.3;10.1.3Land and Politics;220
12.2;10.2Habits and Conventions;223
12.3;10.3State and Demand;231
12.3.1;10.3.1Spending and Taxing;232
12.3.2;10.3.2The National Debt;235
12.4;References;237
13;11 Foreign Trade;239
13.1;11.1 The Gains from Trade;240
13.2;11.2 Home and Abroad;244
13.3;References;246
14;12 Money;248
14.1;12.1 The Economics of the Suspension;248
14.1.1;12.1.1 The Bullionist Controversy;249
14.1.2;12.1.2 Malthus and the Suspension;252
14.2;12.2 A Return to Specie;255
14.2.1;12.2.1 The Quantity of Money;255
14.2.2;12.2.2 The International Standard;257
14.2.3;12.2.3 Modifications and Extensions;258
14.3;12.3 Forced Saving;262
14.4;References;267
15;13 God’s Design;270
15.1;13.1Mind and Matter;272
15.2;13.2Activity;274
15.3;13.3Utility;278
15.4;13.4The Dilemma of Utility;280
15.5;13.5Compulsion by Consent;282
15.6;13.6From Nature to Revelation;284
15.7;13.7The Shadow of Paley;286
15.8;13.8Was Malthus a Christian?;288
15.9;References;293
16;14 Malthus’s Legacy: A System of Ideas;296
16.1;References;301
17;Index;303