Moral Entanglements

Erscheinungsjahr 2013
ISBN: 978-0-19-538893-0
Verlag: ACADEMIC

Buch, Englisch, 272 Seiten, Format (B × H): 157 mm x 235 mm, Gewicht: 549 g

• Specialists in medical research ethics, bioethicists, and moral philosophers

The philosopher Henry Richardson's short book is a defense of a position on a neglected topic in medical research ethics. Clinical research ethics has been a longstanding area of study, dating back to the aftermath of the Nazi death-camp doctors and the Tuskegee syphilis study. Most ethical regulations and institutions (such as Institutiional Review Boards) have developed in response to those past abuses, including the stress on obtaining informed consent from the subject.
Richardson points out that that these ethical regulations do not address one of the key dilemmas faced by medical researchers -- whether or not they have obligations towards subjects who need care not directly related to the purpose of the study, termed "ancillary care obligations." Does a researcher
testing an HIV vaccine in Africa have an obligation to provide anti-retrovirals to those who become HIV positive during the trial? Should a researcher studying a volunteer's brain scan, who sees a possible tumor, do more than simply refer him or her to a specialist? While most would agree that some special obligation does exist in these cases, what is the basis of this obligation, and what are ist limits? Richardson's analysis of those key questions and the development of his own position
are at the heart of this book, which will appeal to bioethicists studying research ethics, to policy makers, and to political and moral philosophers interested in the obligations of beneficence, one of the key issues in moral theory.

Zielgruppe

Specialists in medical research ethics, bioethicists, and moral philosophers

Autoren/Hrsg.

Richardson

Richardson, Henry S.

Fachgebiete

• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Medizin, Gesundheitswesen Medizinische Ethik
• Geisteswissenschaften Philosophie Angewandte Ethik & Soziale Verantwortung Bioethik, Tierethik
• Geisteswissenschaften Philosophie Angewandte Ethik & Soziale Verantwortung Medizinische Ethik
• Naturwissenschaften Biowissenschaften Biowissenschaften Bioethik, Tierethik

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Preface
Chapter 1: Medical Researchers' Ancillary-Care Obligations:
A Perplexing Issue
Ancillary-Care Obligations and the Distinctive Ancillary-Care Obligation
Chapter 2: Special Ancillary-Care Obligations: The Partial-Entrustment Model
The Existing Lack of Guidance
Scope: Partial Entrustment of Aspects of Health
The Variable Strength of Ancillary-Care Claims
Combining the Tests of Scope and Strength
Controversy Surrounding the Scope Requirement
Chapter 3: The Moral Basis of the Partial Entrustment
A Range of Intimacies
The Duty to Warn
Autonomy-Centered Reasons for Privacy Rights
Ancillary Duties of Care
Why Those Accepting Privacy Waivers Take on Special Responsibilities
How the Duty to Warn Blocks Maintaining a Tactful Silence
How the Duty to Warn Indirectly Supports Tactful Engagement
How the Duty of Tactful Engagement Provides a Focus for Beneficence
Returning to the Context of Medical Research
Potential Rival Accounts: Vulnerability and Threat Avoidance
Chapter 4: Justice, Exploitation, and Ancillary Care
Why Special Ancillary-Care Obligations Cannot Rest on Justice
Will Providing Ancillary Care Conflict with Justice?
Justice Reinforcing Ancillary-Care Claims
Chapter 5: Limits on the Waiver of Ancillary-Care Obligations
The Difficulty of Annulling Ancillary-Care Claims
Moral Constraints on Soliciting Waivers of Ancillary-Care Claims
Chapter 6: Gradations of Ancillary-Care Responsibility
Within the Scope: Minimally, Clearly, or Centrally?
Variations in the Expectable Depth of the Researcher-Participant Relationship
Variation in Relative Cost
Putting These Factors Together
Conclusion
Chapter 7: Issues for Further Exploration
Needed Conceptual Work
What Does It Mean To Provide Ancillary Care?
Who Are the Researchers?
Who Are <"Participants>"?
What are some of the important boundaries of <"medical research>"?
What if ancillary non-medical problems are encountered?
Needed Empirical Work
Chapter 8: Philosophical Implications and Practical Steps
Philosophical Implications
Practical Steps
References
Tables
Table 1: General and Special Grounds of Ancillary-Care Obligations
Table 2: Functions of Obtaining Informed Consent
Figures
Figure 1: The Partial-Entrustment Model's Two Tests
Figure 2: The Elements Generating Privacy-Based Moral Entanglements
Figure 3: Privacy-Based Moral Entanglements: Putting the Pieces Together
Figure 4: Four Grades of Ancillary-Care Obligation for ART Provision
Cases
Advanced Cervical Cancer in a HIV-transmission Study
Brain Scans
Grimes v. the Kennedy Krieger Institute
Juba
Malaria Researchers and Schistosomiasis
N's Seatmate's Pills
Quinodyne
The Massage Therapist and the Mole
the Nepal Newborn Washing Study
The Old Man and the Groceries
The Participant's Feverish Child
The Reporter and the Peasant
The Tax Accountant and the Gambling Addict
Transfusion for a Jehovah's Witness
Welts

Über Autor(innen)

Richardson, Henry S.
Henry S. Richardson, Professor of Philosophy, Georgetown University,