Rodd / Suski Artificial Intelligence in Real-Time Control

Proceedings of the IFAC Workshop, Clyne Castle, Swansea, UK, 21-23 September 1988
1. Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-1-4831-4689-8
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 158 Seiten, Web PDF

Artificial Intelligence in Real-Time Control documents the proceedings of the IFAC Workshop held in Clyne Castle, Swansea, UK, 21-23 September 1988. It includes two keynote addresses that discussed architectural issues for expert systems in real-time control; the problem of representing knowledge and reasoning; and the problems encountered in obtaining such information. Other papers contained in these proceedings are representative of the major research bodies active throughout the world in the application of AI techniques in real-time control, although it was inevitable that a Europe-based conference would highlight the work of the European groups. While AI is clearly still in the process of establishing itself, it is undoubtedly a major new area of engineering endeavor. Practical experience is still relatively limited, and many of the results discussed at this event were obtained through simulation or, in a few cases, from reduced practical experience. The importance, though, lies in the fact that many countries are pouring extensive resources into the attempt to control difficult processes by using AI techniques. The wide cross section of interest was demonstrated by the fact that many diverse industries were represented at the workshop-ranging from power-systems control to telecommunications, and into the steel industry.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Rodd, M. G.

Suski, G. J.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Artificial Intelligence in Real-Time Control;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;10
5;PREFACE;8
6;PART I: KEYNOTE ADDRESSES;12
6.1;CHAPTER 1. ARCHITECTURAL ISSUES FOR EXPERT SYSTEMS IN REAL-TIME CONTROL;12
6.1.1;INTRODUCTION;12
6.1.2;DATA ABSTRACTION;12
6.1.3;MODEL BASED REASONING;13
6.1.4;TEMPORAL REASONING AND TRUTH MAINTENANCE;14
6.1.5;DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING;15
6.1.6;EXAMPLE: THE TEX-I ARCHITECTURE;15
6.1.7;CONCLUSIONS;16
6.1.8;REFERENCES;16
6.2;CHAPTER 2. REPRESENTATION OF REAL KNOWLEDGE FOR REAL-TIME USE;18
6.2.1;INTRODUCTION;18
6.2.2;REAL KNOWLEDGE;18
6.2.3;REPRESENTATION OF REAL KNOWLEDGE;19
6.2.4;REAL TIME SYSTEMS;20
6.2.5;KNOWLEDGE BASED PROCESS MANAGEMENT;20
6.2.6;CONCLUSIONS;21
7;PART II: ARCHITECTURE OF EXPERT SYSTEMS FOR REAL-TIME CONTROL;24
7.1;CHAPTER 3. KNOWLEDGE-BASED REAL-TIME CONTROL;24
7.1.1;1 INTRODUCTION;24
7.1.2;2 REAL-TIME EXPERT SYSTEMS IN CONTROL;24
7.1.3;3 DIRECT EXPERT CONTROL;25
7.1.4;4 SUPERVISORY EXPERT CONTROL;26
7.1.5;5 CONCLUSIONS;29
7.1.6;REFERENCES;29
7.2;CHAPTER 4. AN ARCHITECTURE FOR EXPERT SYSTEM-BASED FEEDBACK CONTROL;32
7.2.1;1. Introduction;32
7.2.2;2. Overall architecture;33
7.2.3;3. Knowledge-based system architecture;34
7.2.4;4. Implementation;36
7.2.5;5. Summary;37
7.2.6;Acknowledgements;37
7.2.7;References;37
7.3;CHAPTER 5. PERSPECTIVES ON THE USE OF RULE-BASED CONTROL;38
7.3.1;INTRODUCTION;38
7.3.2;THE PROMISE OF KNOWLEDGE-BASED PROBLEM SOLVING;38
7.3.3;RULE-BASED CONTROL;39
7.3.4;DECLARATIVE EXECUTION OF AIRCRAFT EMERGENCY PROCEDURES;40
7.3.5;CONCLUSIONS;43
7.3.6;ACKNOWLEDGMENT;43
7.3.7;REFERENCES;43
7.4;CHAPTER 6. INTELLIGENT ALARM HANDLING;44
7.4.1;INTRODUCTION;44
7.4.2;FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE;45
7.4.3;USE OF PARSING TECHNIQUES IN THE ANALYSIS OF EVENT SEQUENCES;46
7.4.4;CONCLUSIONS;48
7.4.5;REFERENCES;48
8;PART III: KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION AND LEARNING;50
8.1;CHAPTER 7. REPRESENTATION OF INEXACT ENGINEERING KNOWLEDGE ABOUT REAL TIME SYSTEMS;50
8.1.1;INTRODUCTION;50
8.1.2;KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION IN A FRAME ORIENTED LANGUAGE;50
8.1.3;INEXACT KNOWLEDGE;52
8.1.4;FUZZY LOGIC AS A LINK BETWEEN THE PROCESS AND THE EXPERT SYSTEM;52
8.1.5;APPLICATIONS AND AVAILABILITY;54
8.1.6;REFERENCES;54
8.2;CHAPTER 8. A METHOD OF AUTOMATING THE KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION TASK FOR PROCESS PLANT EXPERT SYSTEMS;56
8.2.1;INTRODUCTION;56
8.2.2;KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION;57
8.2.3;DIAGNOSTIC MODEL;58
8.2.4;PLANT STRUCTURE DEFINITION;58
8.2.5;AUTOMATIC KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION PROCESS;59
8.2.6;CONCLUSIONS;60
8.2.7;REFERENCES;60
8.3;CHAPTER 9. THE KNOWLEDGE-BASED OPTIMIZING OF ELECTRONIC CONTROLLERS;62
8.3.1;INTRODUCTION;62
8.3.2;THE PROCESS OF OPTIMIZING;62
8.3.3;CONCEPT;63
8.3.4;EMBEDDING THE CONCEPT IN THE LANGUAGE;63
8.3.5;EXAMPLE;64
8.3.6;CONCLUSION;65
8.3.7;REFERENCES;65
8.4;CHAPTER 10. EXPERT SYSTEMS FOR PROCESS CONTROL USING AUTOMATIC KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION;66
8.4.1;INTRODUCTION;66
8.4.2;OFF-LINE CONTROL SYSTEM DESIGN;66
8.4.3;ON-LINE CONTROL SYSTEM DESIGN;68
8.4.4;AN OVERALL EXPERT SYSTEM FOR PROGRAMMING PLC'S;69
8.4.5;CONCLUSIONS;70
8.4.6;REFERENCES;70
8.4.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;71
9;PART IV: PROCESS CONTROL;72
9.1;CHAPTER 11. AN EXPERT SYSTEM SHELL EMBEDDED IN THE CONTROL SYSTEM;72
9.1.1;INTRODUCTION;72
9.1.2;EXPERT SYSTEM VERSUS OTHER SOFTWARE;72
9.1.3;SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF PROCESS CONTROL EXPERT SYSTEMS;73
9.1.4;REALTIME CHALLENGES;73
9.1.5;THE INFERENCE ENGINE INTEGRATED INTO THE DCS;73
9.1.6;KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION;75
9.1.7;TIME RELATIONSHIPS;75
9.1.8;UNCERTAIN DATA;76
9.1.9;THE ENGINEERING WORKSTATION;76
9.1.10;CONCLUSIONS;77
9.1.11;REFERENCES;77
9.2;CHAPTER 12. REAL-TIME ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR PROCESS MONITORING AND CONTROL;78
9.2.1;INTRODUCTION;78
9.2.2;OBJECTIVES;78
9.2.3;LINKMAN;79
9.2.4;ESCORT;81
9.2.5;CONCLUSIONS;83
9.2.6;REFERENCES;83
9.3;CHAPTER 13. BLAST FURNACE CONTROL BY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE;84
9.3.1;INTRODUCTION;84
9.3.2;PURPOSE OF THE SYSTEM;84
9.3.3;BF PROCESS AND KNOWLEDGE OF OPRATION;84
9.3.4;HOW TO ACQUIRE KNOWLEDGE ABOUT BF OPERATION;85
9.3.5;KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTING METHODS;86
9.3.6;SYSTEM CONFIGURATION;87
9.3.7;EVALUATION OF THE EXPERT SYSTEM;89
9.3.8;CONCLUSION;89
9.3.9;REFERENCE;89
9.4;CHAPTER 14. ADAPTING TO NOISE;90
9.4.1;THE EXPERT SYSTEM;90
9.4.2;A LEARNING SYSTEM;91
9.4.3;EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS;92
9.4.4;FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS;95
9.4.5;REFERENCES;95
10;PART V: IDENTIFICATION;96
10.1;CHAPTER 15. AN EXPERT SYSTEM FOR INDUSTRIAL PROCESS IDENTIFICATION;96
10.1.1;INTRODUCTION;96
10.1.2;I. THE PROBLEM OF INDUSTRIAL FROCESS IDENTIFICATION;97
10.1.3;II. THE STRUCTURE OF THE EXPERT SYSTEM;98
10.1.4;III. THE DEMONSTRATION MODEL;99
10.1.5;CONCLUSION;99
10.1.6;BIBLIOGRAPHY;99
10.2;CHAPTER 16. AN EXPERT SYSTEM FOR SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION;102
10.2.1;INTRODUCTION;102
10.2.2;THE DATA;102
10.2.3;ADMISSIBLE MODELS AND PARAMETER ESTIMATION METHODS;102
10.2.4;THE PRODUCTION SYSTEM FORMALISM;103
10.2.5;OVERALL BEHAVIOUR OF THE EXPERT SYSTEM;103
10.2.6;TERMINOLOGY;103
10.2.7;THE RULES;104
10.2.8;THE CONTROL OF THE EXPERT SYSTEM;106
10.2.9;PERFORMANCES;106
10.2.10;CONCLUSIONS;107
10.2.11;REFERENCES;107
11;PART VI: KNOWLEDGE BASES;108
11.1;CHAPTER 17. THE KNOWLEDGE DATABASE USED IN AN EXPERT SYSTEM INTERFACE FOR IDPAC;108
11.1.1;Introduction;108
11.1.2;The Knowledge Database;108
11.1.3;The Script;109
11.1.4;The Rules;110
11.1.5;An Example;110
11.1.6;Conclusions;112
11.1.7;Acknowledgements;112
11.1.8;References;112
11.2;CHAPTER 18. KNOWLEDGE-BASED CONSTRAINT SPECIFICATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PROCESS AUTOMATION SYSTEMS;114
11.2.1;INTRODUCTION;114
11.2.2;KNOWLEDGE-BASED COMPUTER SUPPORT FOR PROJECT CONSTRAINTS;115
11.2.3;CONSTRAINT SPECIFICATION USING A KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION LANGUAGE;116
11.2.4;A SIMPLE EXAMPLE;117
11.2.5;INSTANCEEND;117
11.2.6;CONSTRAINT;117
11.2.7;INSTANCEEND;118
11.2.8;REFERENCES;118
11.3;CHAPTER 19. THE "DESCRIPTIVE SEARCH" TO REALISE A KNOWLEDGE-BASED RETRIEVAL OF REUSABLE PROJECT RESULTS;120
11.3.1;MOTIVATION;120
11.3.2;STEPS IN REUSING PREVIOUS PROJECT RESULTS;120
11.3.3;FRAMEWORK FOR COMPUTER AIDED RETRIEVAL OF REUSABLE PROJECT RESULTS;120
11.3.4;INFORMATION STRUCTURES;120
11.3.5;QUERY EVALUATION;121
11.3.6;SEARCH IS-FACET;121
11.3.7;AUTOMATIC INDEXING;122
11.3.8;PROSA - A QUERY AND KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION LANGUAGE;123
11.3.9;REFERENCES;123
12;PART VII: MAN MACHINE INTERFACES;124
12.1;CHAPTER 20. DESIGN ISSUES AND KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATIONS FOR MODERN CONTROL ROOM INTERFACES;124
12.1.1;INTRODUCTION;124
12.1.2;COGNITIVE ENGINEERING AND INTERFACE DESIGN;125
12.1.3;KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION FOR INTERFACE DESIGN;125
12.1.4;EXPERT SYSTEM APPLICATION AND REQUIREMENTS;127
12.1.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;128
12.1.6;REFERENCES;128
12.2;CHAPTER 21. KNOWLEDGE-SUPPORTED GENERATION OF CONTROL ROOM PICTURES;130
12.2.1;INTRODUCTION;130
12.2.2;THE PICTURE DESIGN PROCESS;130
12.2.3;NECESSARY PROPERTIES OF THE IGE TOOL;132
12.2.4;INTELLIGENT DESIGN SUPPORT;133
12.2.5;CONCLUSIONS;136
12.2.6;REFERENCES;136
12.3;CHAPTER 22. TOWARDS AN "INTELLIGENT" EDITOR OF INDUSTRIAL CONTROL VIEWS, USING RULES FOR ERGONOMIC DESIGN;138
12.3.1;INTRODUCTION;138
12.3.2;SYNOP, AN EXPERT SYSTEM FOR STATIC ERGONOMIC EVALUATION OF CONTROL VIEWS;138
12.3.3;A MODULE FOR ASSISTING THE DESIGN OF SUPERVISION VIEWS;141
12.3.4;EVOLUTION OF SYNOP TOWARDS AN "INTELLIGENT" EDITOR OF INDUSTRIAL CONTROL VIEWS;141
12.3.5;CONCLUSION;143
12.3.6;REFERENCES;143
13;PART VIII: ROBOTIC CONTROL;11
13.1;CHAPTER 23. A KNOWLEDGE-BASED CONTROL STRUCTURE FOR ROBOTIC MANIPULATORS;144
13.1.1;INTRODUCTION;144
13.1.2;CONTROL SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT;144
13.1.3;RESULTS;145
13.1.4;DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS;146
13.1.5;REFERENCES;146
13.1.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;147
13.2;CHAPTER 24. KNOWLEDGE BASED FUZZY MOTION CONTROL OF AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES;150
13.2.1;INTRODUCTION;150
13.2.2;FUZZY LATERAL CONTROL;153
13.2.3;SIMULATION RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;154
13.2.4;REFERENCES;155
14;AUTHOR INDEX;156