Stuart Heat Flow Below 100°K and Its Technical Applications

Proceedings of the International Institute of Refrigeration Commission 1, Grenoble, 1965
1. Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-1-4831-8600-9
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 114 Seiten, Web PDF

Heat Flow below 100°K and Its Technical Applications covers the proceedings of the International Institute of Refrigeration. This release serves the purpose of compiling supplementary materials to the published report by Committee 3, entitled Protection against Ionizing Radiation from External Sources. This text is a compilation of 12 appendices that comprise information for employing the recommendations of ICRP Publication 15. These appendices relate to the sources of external radiation encountered in medical, dental, and veterinary radiology, as well as in industry and research. Some of the information included are on the collision stopping power of charged particles; interpolated values of quality factor; and quality factor as a function of charged particle energy. This compendium then presents materials on conversion factors, neutron sources and shielding, and range-energy curves. The last two materials cover the shielding for beta sources and X-ray and gamma-ray shielding. This compilation will cater those interested in the technical applications of heat flow, as well as to those who have read the ICRP Publication 15 and in need of supplementary materials.

Dr. Sam Stuart is a physiotherapist and a research Fellow within the Balance Disorders Laboratory, OHSU. His work focuses on vision, cognition and gait in neurological disorders, examining how technology-based interventions influence these factors. He has published extensively in world leading clinical and engineering journals focusing on a broad range of activities such as real-world data analytics, algorithm development for wearable technology and provided expert opinion on technology for concussion assessment for robust player management. He is currently a guest editor for special issues (sports medicine and transcranial direct current stimulation for motor rehabilitation) within Physiological Measurement and Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation, respectively.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Stuart, Sam

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover
;1
2;Heat Flow Below 100°K and its Technical Applications
;4
3;Copyright Page
;5
4;Table of Contents
;6
5;PREFACE;8
6;AMENDMENTS TO ICRP PUBLICATION 15;9
7;COMMISSION STATEMENT ON EXTERNAL RADIATION SOURCES
;10
8;LIST OF FIGURES;12
9;LIST OF TABLES;15
10;INTRODUCTION;16
11;APPENDIX 1. COLLISION STOPPING POWER OF CHARGED

PARTICLES IN WATER;18
11.1;COLLISION STOPPING POWER OF HEAVY CHARGED PARTICLES IN WATER
;18
11.2;COLLISION STOPPING POWER OF ELECTRONS IN WATER
;18
12;APPENDIX 2. INTERPOLATED VALUES OF QUALITY FACTOR
;19
13;APPENDIX 3. QUALITY FACTOR AS A FUNCTION OF

CHARGED PARTICLE ENERGY;20
14;APPENDIX 4. CALCULATION OF ABSORBED DOSE AND DOSE

EQUIVALENT DISTRIBUTION IN THE BODY;21
14.1;DEPTH-DOSE EQUIVALENT CALCULATIONS FOR NEUTRONS AND FOR VERY HIGH TO ULTRA HIGH ENERGY PROTONS, ELECTRONS, AND PHOTONS
;21
14.2;CALCULATED DEPTH-DOSE DATA FOR HIGH TO VERY HIGH ENERGY ELECTRONS
;23
14.3;EXPERIMENTAL DEPTH-DOSE DATA FOR BETA PARTICLES
;23
14.4;EXPERIMENTAL DEPTH-DOSE DATA FOR LOW AND HIGH ENERGY PHOTONS
;23
14.5;THE INTERPRETATION OF RADIATION MEASUREMENTS IN

TERMS OF ORGAN DOSES;24
14.6;DEPTH-DOSE EQUIVALENT, CONVERSION FACTORS, AND EFFECTIVE QUALITY FACTORS
;24
15;APPENDIX 5.

CONVERSION FACTORS FOR ELECTRONS;25
16;APPENDIX 6. CONVERSION FACTORS AND EFFECTIVE

QUALITY FACTORS FOR NEUTRONS;27
17;APPENDIX 7. CONVERSION FACTORS AND EFFECTIVE

QUALITY FACTORS FOR PROTONS;29
18;APPENDIX 8.

CONVERSION FACTORS FOR PHOTONS;30
19;APPENDIX 9.

NEUTRON SOURCES AND SHIELDING;32
19.1;ACCELERATOR NEUTRON SOURCES
;32
19.2;RADIOACTIVE NEUTRON SOURCES;33
19.3;TRANSMISSION OF OBLIQUELY INCIDENT NEUTRON BEAMS
;35
19.4;OTHER INFORMATION
;35
20;APPENDIX 10.

RANGE-ENERGY CURVES;36
21;APPENDIX 11.

SHIELDING FOR BETA SOURCES;37
22;APPENDIX 12.

X-RAY AND GAMMA-RAY SHIELDING;39
22.1;OUTPUTS OF X-RAY GENERATORS;40
22.2;OUTPUTS OF GAMMA-RAY SOURCES;40
22.3;TRANSMISSION OF PRIMARY X RAYS AND GAMMA RAYS THROUGH SHIELDS
;40
22.4;TRANSMISSION OF OBLIQUELY INCIDENT BEAMS
;41
22.5;HALF-VALUE-THICKNESSES AND TENTH-VALUE-THICKNESSES
;42
22.6;SHIELDING VALUES OF SELECTED MATERIALS FOR LOW

ENERGY XRAYS;43
22.7;SCATTERING OF X RAYS AND GAMMA RAYS
;44
22.8;TRANSMISSION OF SCATTER RADIATION THROUGH SHIELDS
;45
22.9;TRANSMISSION OF LEAKAGE RADIATION THROUGH SHIELDS;45
22.10;SHIELDING FOR COMBINED SCATTER AND LEAKAGE

RADIATION;46
22.11;SPECIAL PROBLEMS WITH H I G H AND VERY H I G H ENERGY

ELECTRON ACCELERATORS;46
22.12;FORMULAE FOR DESIGNING X-RAY AND GAMMA-RAY SHIELDS;46
22.13;SHIELDING REQUIREMENTS FOR SELECTED SOURCES;47
22.14;X-RAY DIAGNOSTIC INSTALLATIONS;49
23;REFERENCES;52
24;GENERAL SHIELDING BIBLIOGRAPHY AND INFORMATION SERVICES
;56
25;OTHER ICRP PUBLICATIONS;116