Tadros / Gregory Colloids in the Aquatic Environment

1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-9267-0
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 313 Seiten, Web PDF

Colloids in the Aquatic Environment covers the proceedings of the International Symposium by the same title, held at the University College London on September 7-9, 1992, organized by the SCI Colloid and Surface Chemistry Group. This book is divided into 20 chapters and begins with an introduction to the fundamentals of surface structure and reactivity. The succeeding chapters deal with molecular mass determination of humic substances from natural waters, the biospecific mechanism of double layer formation, the dynamics of colloid deposition in porous media, and the evaluation of surface area and size distributions of soil particles. These topics are followed by discussions of the transport and capture of colloids; colloidal stability of natural organic matter; the hydrolytic precipitation and modeling ion binding by humic acids; and the thermodynamic aspects and photoelectrophoresis of colloids. Other chapters explore the colloidal transfer in several aquatic environments. The final chapters consider the mechanism of colloid detachment, speciation, partitioning, and stability. These chapters also look into a hybrid equilibrium model of solute transport in porous media in the presence of colloids. This book will be of great value to civil and environmental engineers.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Tadros, Th. F.

Gregory, J.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Colloids in the Aquatic Environment;5
3;Copyright Page;6
4;Table of Contents;9
5;Preface;7
6;Chapter 1. Aquatic colloids as chemical reactants: surface structure and reactivity*;11
6.1;Abstract;11
6.2;Introduction;11
6.3;Inner-sphere and outer-sphere surface complexes;13
6.4;The surface charge of the colloids;16
6.5;Coagulation and the surface complex formation (SCF) model;18
6.6;Structure and reactivity at the solid-solution interface;24
6.7;Outlook: need for in situ field studies;27
6.8;Acknowledgments;27
6.9;References;27
7;Chapter 2. The determination of the molecular mass of humic substances from natural waters by analytical ultracentrifugation;29
7.1;Abstract;29
7.2;Introduction;29
7.3;Materials and methods;30
7.4;Results and discussion;32
7.5;Conclusions;36
7.6;Acknowledgement;37
7.7;References;37
7.8;Discussion;38
8;Chapter 3. Biospecific mechanism of double layer formation and peculiarities of cell electrophoresis;39
8.1;Abstract;39
8.2;Introduction;39
8.3;Division of charge in the DL of a cell induced by the action of electrogenic ion pumps;41
8.4;Comparison of the theory of the double layer of living cells with the data from electrophoretic experiments;49
8.5;Double layer of a cell in a constant electric field;50
8.6;Non-linear cell electrophoresis;53
8.7;Conclusions;54
8.8;References;55
8.9;Appendix: general system of equations for polarization of a cell with a thin double layer in a constant electric field;55
8.10;Discussion;58
9;Chapter 4. Dynamics of colloid deposition in porous media: modeling the role of retained particles;59
9.1;Abstract;59
9.2;Introduction;59
9.3;Macroscopic description of colloid deposition;61
9.4;Microscopic description of collector surface coverage;62
9.5;Modeling of particle deposition in porous media;65
9.6;Model testing and discussion;66
9.7;Summary and conclusion;71
9.8;Acknowledgments;71
9.9;References;71
9.10;Discussion;73
10;Chapter 5. Surface area and size distributions of soil particles;75
10.1;Abstract;75
10.2;1. Introduction;75
10.3;2. Generators of fragmented fractals;76
10.4;3. Size distributions;77
10.5;4. Experimental;78
10.6;5. Results and discussion;80
10.7;6. Conclusion;83
10.8;Acknowledgments;84
10.9;References;84
10.10;Discussion;85
11;Chapter 6. An experimental study of the transport and capture of colloids in porous media by a chromatographic technique;87
11.1;Abstract;87
11.2;Nomenclature;87
11.3;1. Introduction;88
11.4;2. Experimental;89
11.5;3. Experimental results;90
11.6;4. Discussion of the results;92
11.7;5. Discussion and conclusions;94
11.8;References;95
11.9;Appendix: Determination of mass-transfer coefficients from impulse response experiments;96
11.10;Discussion;97
12;Chapter 7. Natural organic matter and colloidal stability: models and measurements;99
12.1;Abstract;99
12.2;Introduction;99
12.3;Computer model for polyelectrolyte adsorption;100
12.4;Computer modeling results;101
12.5;Experimental materials and methods;102
12.6;Experimental results;104
12.7;Discussion;108
12.8;Conclusions;110
12.9;Acknowledgments;111
12.10;References;111
13;Chapter 8. The hydrolytic precipitation of iron in aqueous dispersions of mineral particles;113
13.1;Abstract;113
13.2;Introduction;113
13.3;Materials and methods;114
13.4;Results and discussion;115
13.5;Conclusions;123
13.6;References;124
13.7;Discussion;125
14;Chapter 9. Modelling ion binding by humic acids;127
14.1;Abstract;127
14.2;Introduction;127
14.3;Humic ion-binding Model V;128
14.4;Summary of data sets;129
14.5;Calculation and optimization procedures;131
14.6;Estimation of parameters for humic acids from proton-binding data;131
14.7;Estimation of metal-binding parameters for humic acids;133
14.8;Comparison of metal binding by humic and fulvic acids;135
14.9;Comparison of metal binding by humic acid and simple organic acids;138
14.10;Application of Model V to natural aquatic environments;138
14.11;References;138
14.12;Appendix: Algebra of Model V;139
14.13;Discussion;141
15;Chapter 10. Thermodynamics of adsorption of dodecylpyridinium chloride on Na-kaolinite;143
15.1;Abstract;143
15.2;Introduction;143
15.3;Experimental;145
15.4;Results and discussion;146
15.5;Conclusion;151
15.6;References;151
15.7;Discussion;153
16;Chapter 11. Photoelectrophoresis of colloidal iron oxides 1. Hematite (a 2FeO3);155
16.1;Abstract;155
16.2;Introduction;155
16.3;Experimental;156
16.4;Results and discussion;158
16.5;Conclusions;169
16.6;Acknowledgements;170
16.7;References;171
16.8;Appendix A: Relationship between electrophoretic mobility and surface charge concentration;171
16.9;Appendix B: List of symbols;172
16.10;Discussion;173
17;Chapter 12. Fouling of a microfiltration membrane by two Gram-negative bacteria;175
17.1;Abstract;175
17.2;Introduction;175
17.3;Experimental;177
17.4;Results;179
17.5;Discussion;181
17.6;Conclusions;186
17.7;Acknowledgements;186
17.8;References;187
17.9;Discussion;188
18;Chapter 13. Colloid transport in a glacial sand aquifer. Laboratory and field studies;189
18.1;Abstract;189
18.2;1. Introduction;189
18.3;2. Experimental procedures;190
18.4;3. Results;195
18.5;4. Conclusions;207
18.6;Acknowledgements;208
18.7;References;209
18.8;Discussion;210
19;Chapter 14. Modelling of the double layer and electrosorption of a patchwise heterogeneous surface on the basis of its homogeneous analogue ;211
19.1;Abstract;211
19.2;Introduction;211
19.3;Physical model;213
19.4;Discussion;215
19.5;Conclusions;216
19.6;Acknowledgement;217
19.7;References;217
19.8;Appendix: Solving Eqn (31) for .i;217
19.9;Discussion;219
20;Chapter 15. Detachment of colloids from sediments and sand grains;221
20.1;Abstract;221
20.2;Introduction;221
20.3;Theoretical study;222
20.4;Experimental studies;225
20.5;Results and discussion;228
20.6;Conclusions;235
20.7;Acknowledgment;235
20.8;References;235
20.9;Discussion;237
21;Chapter 16. Speciation and partitioning of priority organic contaminants in estuarine waters;239
21.1;Abstract;239
21.2;Introduction;239
21.3;Factors influencing organic contaminant partitioning in estuaries;240
21.4;Speciation and partitioning — priority Organic contaminants ;240
21.5;Conclusions;243
21.6;Acknowledgement;244
21.7;References;244
21.8;Discussion;245
22;Chapter 17. Water sensitivity of sandstones containing swelling and non-swelling clays;247
22.1;Abstract;247
22.2;Introduction;247
22.3;Experimental;249
22.4;Results;251
22.5;Discussion;260
22.6;Conclusions;262
22.7;Acknowledgments;263
22.8;References;263
23;Chapter 18. Factors controlling the stability of submicron colloids in natural waters;265
23.1;Abstract;265
23.2;Introduction;265
23.3;Submicron colloids in natural systems;266
23.4;Simulation methodology;269
23.5;Results;271
23.6;Discussion;278
23.7;Acknowledgements;280
23.8;References;280
23.9;Appendix A: List of symbols;282
23.10;Appendix B: List of abbreviations;283
24;Chapter 19. A hybrid equilibrium model of solute transport in porous media in the presence of colloids;285
24.1;Abstract;285
24.2;List of symbols;285
24.3;Introduction;286
24.4;Colloid transport and colloid-matrix mass partition;288
24.5;Contaminant transport and colloid-contaminant mass partition;289
24.6;Complete set of governing equations;290
24.7;Numerical solution;290
24.8;Results of the hybrid equilibrium model and sensitivity analysis;291
24.9;Summary and conclusions;295
24.10;Acknowledgments;296
24.11;References;296
25;Chapter 20. Surface chemical effects on colloid stability and transport through natural porous media;297
25.1;Abstract;297
25.2;Introduction;297
25.3;Materials and methods;299
25.4;Results and discussion;302
25.5;Conclusions;309
25.6;Acknowledgments;309
25.7;Disclaimer;309
25.8;References;309
26;Author Index;311
27;Subject Index;312