Tamir Impinging-Stream Reactors

Fundamentals and Applications
1. Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-1-4832-9755-2
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band Volume 7, 769 Seiten, Web PDF

Reihe: Transport Processes in Engineering

Impinging streams is a unique and multipurpose configuration of a two-phase suspension for intensifying transfer processes in heterogeneous systems, viz. gas-solid, gas-liquid, solid-liquid and liquid-liquid. The essence of the method lies in the collision which results from bringing two streams of a suspension flowing on the same axis in opposite directions. Following the impact of the streams, a relatively narrow zone is created, which offers excellent conditions for enhancing the heat and mass transfer between the phases in the suspension.The following processes are considered in the light of the method of impinging streams: drying of particles, solid-solid and gas-gas mixing, absorption and desorption of gases from liquids, combustion of gas and coal, calcination of phosphate, creation of emulsions, liquid-liquid extraction, dissolution of solids, ion exchange, dust collection and granulation as well as evaporative cooling of air. Additional aspects considered in the book are: power input in performing the above processes, heat and mass transfer coefficient and its correlation, mixing properties of impinging stream reactors, residence time of the particles in the reactors, scale-up of impinging-stream reactors with respect to pressure, drop, hold-up and mean residence time of the particles as well as the heat transfer.The aim of the book is to review the state-of-the-art in the field of impinging streams, to present results of theoretical and experimental research, and to stimulate research and industrial application of the method so that reactors employing impinging streams will become a common tool in chemical engineering and other disciplines of engineering. The major conclusion of this work is that almost any process in chemical engineering can be conducted by impinging streams, resulting in higher efficiency and less power input in comparison with conventional methods.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Tamir, A.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Impinging-Stream Reactors: Fundamentals and Applications;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;10
5;PREFACE;6
6;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;8
7;Chapter 0. Impinging streams - a humorous introduction;20
7.1;Essence;20
7.2;Origin;20
7.3;Artistic demonstrations;21
7.4;Concluding remarks;23
8;Chapter 1. Why write this book?;25
9;Chapter 2. Analysis of process improvement and origin of impinging streams;29
9.1;2.1 Efficiency indices of transfer processes;29
9.2;2.2 Processes improvement based on the thermodynamics of irreversible processes;38
9.3;2.3 Characteristics of impinging streams;43
9.4;2.4 Verification of intensification effects in impinging streams;47
9.5;Nomenclature;56
10;Chapter 3. Classification and configurations of impinging-stream reactors;59
10.1;NOMENCLATURE;68
11;Chapter 4. Single-phase impinging streams;69
11.1;4.1 Flow visualization and its characteristics;70
11.2;4.2 Velocity field in laminar impinging streams;78
11.3;4.3 Velocity distribution in impinging streams-experimental results;86
11.4;4.4 Turbulent impinging streams;92
11.5;4.5 Applications of single-phase impinging streams;94
11.6;Nomenclature;103
12;Chapter 5. The behavior of a single particle;105
12.1;5.1 Motion of a single particle in the absence of a gravitational force;106
12.2;5.2 Investigations of motion of a particle in the absence of a gravitational force;119
12.3;5.3 motion of a single particle in the presence of a gravitational force;129
12.4;5.4 Design considerations;143
12.5;Nomenclature;151
13;Chapter 6. The behavior of a multiparticle system;154
13.1;6.1 Experimental observations;154
13.2;6.2 The effect of particle concentration;160
13.3;6.3 The effect of interparticle collisions;167
13.4;6.4 Markov-chain analysis of particle behavior in gas-solid suspensions;176
13.5;6.5 Analysis of particle behavior in solid-liquid suspensions;234
13.6;Nomenclature;242
14;Chapter 7. Heat transfer and drying;246
14.1;7.1 Modeling of heat transfer enhancement;247
14.2;7.2 Models for heat transfer to a particle;262
14.3;7.3 Heat transfer characteristics of impinging-stream dryers;270
14.4;7.4 Industrial applications of ISD;276
14.5;7.5 Measurement of heat transfer coefficients;289
14.6;7.6 Design considerations for impinging streams;339
14.7;Nomenclature;340
15;Chapter 8. Combustion processes;344
15.1;8.1 Basic flow configurations;345
15.2;8.2 Combustion of gas;349
15.3;8.3 Combustion of droplets and particles;363
15.4;8.4 Practical impinging-stream combustors;389
15.4.1;Nomenclature;409
16;Chapter 9. Solid-liquid processes;413
16.1;9.1 Dissolution of solids;414
16.2;9.2 Ion exchange;463
16.3;9.3 Electrochemical mass transfer;470
16.4;Nomenclature;474
17;Chapter 10. Solid-gas processes;477
17.1;10.1 Mixing;477
17.2;10.2 Size reduction and classification;508
17.3;10.3 Enrichment of phosphate;518
17.4;10.4 Production of solid pigments;533
17.5;10.5 Milling-roasting-reduction of iron oxide depleted ores;535
17.6;10.6 Plasma-jet processes;536
17.7;10.7 Dust collection and granulation;539
17.8;Nomenclature;597
18;Chapter 11. Liquid-gas processes;604
18.1;11.1 Absorption and desorption of gases;604
18.2;11.2 Evaporative cooling of air;663
18.3;Nomenclature;679
19;Chapter 12. Liquid-liquid processes;683
19.1;12.1 Extraction;683
19.2;12.2 Creation of emulsions by impinging streams;707
19.3;Nomenclature;711
20;Chapter 13. Scaleup and correlation of the hydrodynamics, mean residence time and holdup of impinging-stream reactors;713
20.1;13.1 Dimensional analysis and scaleup;713
20.2;13.2 Hydrodynamics;717
20.3;13.3 Particle mean residence time and holdup and their scaleup;738
20.4;Nomenclature;750
21;References;753
22;Index;774