Autonomous and Autonomic Systems: With Applications to NASA Intelligent Spacecraft Operations and Exploration Systems

2010
ISBN: 978-1-4471-2526-6
Verlag: Springer

Buch, Englisch, 289 Seiten, Previously published in hardcover, Format (B × H): 155 mm x 235 mm, Gewicht: 470 g

Reihe: NASA Monographs in Systems and Software Engineering

This book provides an in-depth discussion of autonomous and autonomic systems, their interdependencies, differences and similarities. Current and pending issues in these evermore increasingly important subjects are highlighted and discussed. Concepts, ideas and experiences are explored in relation to real-life NASA systems in spacecraft control and in the exploration domain.

Zielgruppe

Research

Autoren/Hrsg.

Truszkowski, Walt

Hallock, Harold

Rouff, Christopher

Sterritt, Roy

Karlin, Jay

Rash, James

Hinchey, Michael

Fachgebiete

• Mathematik | Informatik EDV | Informatik Informatik Künstliche Intelligenz
• Technische Wissenschaften Elektronik | Nachrichtentechnik Nachrichten- und Kommunikationstechnik Regelungstechnik
• Technische Wissenschaften Elektronik | Nachrichtentechnik Elektronik Robotik
• Technische Wissenschaften Verkehrstechnik | Transportgewerbe Luft- und Raumfahrttechnik, Luftverkehr
• Technische Wissenschaften Verkehrstechnik | Transportgewerbe Intelligente & automatisierte Transportsysteme

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Part I Background.- Introduction.- Direction of New Space Missions.- Automation vs. Autonomy Systems.- Autonomy vs. Automation.- Autonomicity vs. Autonomy.- Using Autonomy to Reduce the Cost of Missions.- Multi-Spacecraft Missions.- Communications Delays.- Interaction of Spacecraft.- Adjustable and Mixed Autonomy.- Agent Technologies.- Summary.- Overview of Flight and Ground Software.- Ground System Software.-Planning and Scheduling.- Command Loading.- Science Schedule Execution.- Science Support Activity Execution.- Onboard Engineering Support Activities.- Downlinked Data Capture.- Performance Monitoring.- Fault Diagnosis.- Fault Correction.- Downlinked Data Archiving.- Engineering Data Analysis/Calibration.- Flight Software (FSW).- Attitude Determination and Control, Sensor Calibration, Orbit Determination, Propulsion.- Executive and Task Management, Time Management, Command Processing, Engineering and Science Data Storage and Handling, Communications.- Electrical Power Management, Thermal Management, SI Commanding, SI Data Processing.- Data Monitoring, Fault Detection and Correction.- Safemode.- Flight vs. Ground Implementation.- Flight Autonomy Evolution.- Reasons for Flight Autonomy.- Satisfying Mission Objectives.- Satisfying Spacecraft Infrastructure Needs.- Satisfying Operations Staff Needs.- Brief History of Existing Flight Autonomy Capabilities.- 1970s and Prior Spacecraft.- 1980s Spacecraft.- 1990s Spacecraft.- Current Spacecraft.- Flight Autonomy Capabilities of the Future.- Current Levels of Flight Automation/Autonomy.- Ground Autonomy Evolution.- Agent-based Flight Operations Associate.- A Basic Agent Model in AFLOAT.- Implementation Architecture For ALFOAT Prototype.- The Human Computer Interface in AFLOAT.- Inter-agent Communications in AFLOAT.- Lights Out Ground Operations System.-The LOGOS Architecture.- An Example Scenario.- Agent Concept Testbed.-Overview of the ACT Agent Architecture.- Architecture Components.- Dataflow Between Components.- ACT Operational Scenario.- Verification & Correctness.- Part II Technology.- Core Technologies for Developing Autonomous and Autonomic Systems.- Plan Technologies.- Planners.- Collaborative Languages.- Reasoning with Partial Information.- Fuzzy Logic.- Bayesian Reasoning.- Learning Technologies.- Artificial Neural Networks.- Genetic Algorithms and Programming.- Act Technologies.- Perception Technologies.- Sensing.- Image and Signal Processing.- Data Fusion.- Testing Technologies.- Software Simulation Environments.-Simulation Libraries.- Simulation Servers.- Networked Simualtion Environments.- Agent-based Spacecraft Autonomy Design Concepts.- High Level Design Features.- Remote Agent Functionality.- Spacecraft Enabling Technologies.- AI Enabling Methodologies.- Advantages of Remote Agent Design.- Mission Types for Remote Agents.-Cooperative Autonomy.- Need for Cooperative Autonomy in Space Missions.- Quantities of Science Data.- Complexity of Scientific Instruments.- Increased Number of Spacecraft.- General Model of Cooperative Autonomy.- Autonomous Agents.- Agent Cooperation.- Cooperative Actions.- Spacecraft Mission Management.- Science Planning.- Mission Planning.- Sequence Planning.- Command Sequencer.- Science Data Processing.- Spacecraft Mission Viewed as Cooperative Autonomy.- Expanded Spacecraft Mission Model.- Analysis of Spacecraft Mission Model.- Improvements to Spacecraft Mission Execution.- An Example of Cooperative Autonomy: Virtual Platform.- Virtual Platforms under Current Environment.- Virtual Platforms with Advanced Automation.- Examples of Cooperative Autonomy.-The Mobile Robot Laboratory at Georgia Tech.- Cooperative Distributed Problem Solving Research Group at the University of Maine.- Knowledge Sharing Effort.- DIS and HLA.- IBM Aglets.- Autonomic Systems.- Overview of Autonomic Systems.- What are Autonomic Systems?.- Autonomic Properties.- Necessary Constructs.- Evolution versus Revolution.- State of the Art Research.- Machine Design.- Prediction and Optimization.- Knowledge Capture and Representation.- Monitoring and Root Cause Analysis.- Legacy Systems and Automatic Environments.- Space Systems.- Agents for Autonomic Systems.- Policy Based Management.- Related Initiatives.- Related Paradigms.- Research and Technology Transfer Issues.- Part III Applications.- Autonomy in Spacecraft Constellations.- Introduction.- Constellations Overview.- Advantages of Constellations.- Cost Savings.- Coordinated Science.- Applying Autonomy and Auntonomicity to Constellations.- Ground-based Constellation Autonomy.- Space-based Autonomy for Constellations.- Autonomicity in Constellations.- Intelligent Agents in Spacecraft Agents.- Multi-Agent Based Organizations for Satellites.- NASA Constellations.- Grand View.- Agent Development.- Ground-based Autonomy.- Space-based Autonomy.- Swarms in Space Missions.- Introduction to Swarms.- Swarm Technologies at NASA.- Other Applications of Swarms.- Autonomicity in Swarm Missions.- Software Development of Swarms.- Programming Techniques and Tools.- Verification.- Future Swarm Concepts.- Concluding Remarks.- Appendix A:Attitude and Orbit Determination and Control.- Appendix B:Operational Scenarios and Agent Interactions.- Onboard Remote Agent Interaction Scenario.- Space-to-ground Dialogue Scenario.- Ground-to-space Dialogue Scenario.- Spacecraft Constellation Interactions Scenario.- Agent-based Satellite Constellation Control Scenario.- Scenario Issues.- Acronyms.- Glossary.- References.- Index