Introduction to Desalination

Systems, Processes and Environmental Impacts
1. Auflage 2020
ISBN: 978-3-527-34357-7
Verlag: WILEY-VCH

Buch, Englisch, 408 Seiten, Format (B × H): 175 mm x 246 mm, Gewicht: 930 g

One book dealing with the fundamentals of thermal and membrane desalination systems and discussing their economical as well as environmental aspects.

With a growing population, climate change and greater water demand, desalination has increasingly become a part of the solution to regional water scarcity - seawater desalination capacity has roughly doubled in the past ten years. Desalination has also begun to receive more attention in academia, with research focusing on improving energy efficiency and system robustness and lowering capital costs.

With this book, an introduction is given to the basics and fundamentals of desalination systems. Both, thermal and membrane desalination systems, are covered and discussed in view of energy, exergy, economic and environmental aspects. In the beginning, Introduction to Desalination: Systems, Processes and Environmental Impacts describes multi effect evaporation, vapor compression and multi-stage flashing. Further chapters deal with common membrane-based separations like reverse osmosis and membrane filtration, forward osmosis, diffusion dialysis and pervaporation as well as thermo-osmosis, electrodialysis and electrodeionization. Subsequently, hybrid systems are discussed, and the economic analysis of such systems and their environmental impact are highlighted. Each chapter contains theoretical and practical examples and concludes with questions and problems for self-study.

* Needed: Desalination has become a part of the solution to regional water scarcity and an introductory book in this field is urgently needed.

* Balanced Approach: Presents the fundamentals of thermal and membrane desalination systems.

* Learning Material: Each chapter includes exercises for self-study and Instructors can find teaching material online.

Introduction to Desalination: Systems, Processes and Environmental Impacts is an important resource for master's students in engineering sciences, lecturers in chemical and mechanical engineering, engineers, environmental chemists, as well as process engineers, engineering scientists in industry, and environmental consultants.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Alasfour, Fuad Nesf

Fachgebiete

• Technische Wissenschaften Verfahrenstechnik | Chemieingenieurwesen | Biotechnologie Mechanische und Thermische Verfahrenstechnik
• Technische Wissenschaften Maschinenbau | Werkstoffkunde Maschinenbau
• Technische Wissenschaften Umwelttechnik | Umwelttechnologie Umwelttechnik
• Geowissenschaften Geologie Hydrologie, Hydrogeologie
• Naturwissenschaften Chemie Analytische Chemie Umweltchemie, Lebensmittelchemie

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Preface xiii

1 Introduction 1

1.1 What is Desalination? 1

1.2 Aims of Desalination Processes 2

1.3 Desalination Processes 3

1.4 Desalination Technologies 6

1.4.1 Thermal Desalination System 6

1.4.2 Membrane Desalination System 10

1.5 Which Desalination System is the Best? 12

1.6 Thermo-Physical Properties of Water 13

1.6.1 Potable Water 13

1.6.2 Seawater 13

References 22

A. Review Questions 23

Part I Thermal Desalination Systems 27

2 Multi-effect Evaporator (MEE) 29

2.1 Introduction 29

2.2 Vaporization 29

2.3 MEE Processes 31

2.4 MEE Configurations 33

2.5 Mathematical Modeling Algorithm for Thermal Systems 34

2.6 MEE Mathematical Model 38

2.6.1 Forward Flow Mathematical Modeling MEE-FF 39

2.6.1.1 Energy Analysis 39

2.6.1.2 Exergy Analysis 45

2.6.2 Backward Flow Mathematical Model MEE-BF 53

2.6.3 Parallel Flow Mathematical Model MEE-PF-Cross Type 60

2.7 MEE Integrated Auxiliary Devices 61

2.8 Characteristics of MEE Desalination Systems 63

2.9 MEE Energy Consumption and Cost 66

References 66

A. Review Questions 67

B. Problems 69

C. Essay, Design, and Open-Ended Problems 73

3 Multi-stage Flashing (MSF) 77

3.1 Flashing Stage 80

3.2 MSF Once-Through Configuration MSF–OT 81

3.2.1 MSF–OT Once-Through Model 82

3.2.1.1 Optimum Number of MSF Stages 88

3.3 MSF–Brine Recirculation (MSF–BR) 88

3.3.1 Detailed Mathematical Model of MSF–BR System 89

3.4 MSF with Brine Mixer (MSF–BM) 102

3.5 Material of Construction 103

References 103

A. Review Questions 103

B. Problems 105

C. Essay, Design and Open-Ended Problems 110

4 Vapor Compression: Thermal Vapor Compression (TVC), Mechanical Vapor Compression (MVC), andMechanical Vapor Recompression (MVR)

Über Autor(innen)

Fuad Nesf Alasfour was retired Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Kuwait University (Kuwait). He studied mechanical engineering in the US and received his PhD from the University of Colorado (USA) in 1989. After this time, he returned to Kuwait and was employed at Kuwait University in different administrative and academic positions. In 2002, he was a visiting professor at the Illinois Institute of Technology (USA). For more than 25 years, he has been involved in teaching and research in the fields of desalination, combustion, power plants and air pollution.