Bouhafs / Mackay / Merabti Communication Challenges and Solutions in the Smart Grid

2014
ISBN: 978-1-4939-2184-3
Verlag: Springer
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 99 Seiten

Reihe: SpringerBriefs in Computer Science

This SpringerBrief discusses the rise of the smart grid from the perspective of computing and communications. It explains how current and next-generation network technology and methodologies help recognize the potential that the smart grid initiative promises. Chapters provide context on the smart grid before exploring specific challenges related to communication control and energy management. Topics include control in heterogeneous power supply, solutions for backhaul and wide area networks, home energy management systems, and technologies for smart energy management systems. Designed for researchers and professionals working on the smart grid, Communication Challenges and Solutions in the Smart Grid offers context and applications for the common issues of this developing technology. Advanced-level students interested in networking and communications engineering will also find the brief valuable.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Bouhafs, Fay¿al

Mackay, Michael

Merabti, Madjid

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;5
2;Contents;7
3;Chapter-1;10
3.1;Overview of the Smart Grid;10
3.1.1;1.1 Smart Grid Drivers;11
3.1.1.1;1.1.1 Aging Infrastructure;12
3.1.1.2;1.1.2 Environmental Impact;12
3.1.1.3;1.1.3 Security of Energy Supply and Increase in Energy Needs;13
3.1.1.4;1.1.4 Electricity Cost;13
3.1.2;1.2 Smart Grid Technologies;14
3.1.2.1;1.2.1 Renewable Energy Generation;14
3.1.2.2;1.2.2 Demand Response;15
3.1.2.3;1.2.3 Advanced Metering Infrastructure;15
3.1.2.4;1.2.4 Home Energy Management;16
3.1.2.5;1.2.5 Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle;16
3.1.3;1.3 Smart Grid Benefits;16
3.1.3.1;1.3.1 Technical Benefits;17
3.1.3.2;1.3.2 Economic Benefits;17
3.1.3.3;1.3.3 Environmental Benefits;17
3.1.4;1.4 ICT in the Smart Grid;18
3.1.4.1;1.4.1 Digital Communications;18
3.1.4.2;1.4.2 Wireless Sensing;18
3.1.4.3;1.4.3 Distributed Systems;19
3.1.5;1.5 Summary;19
3.1.6;References;20
4;Chapter-2;22
4.1;Communication for Control in Heterogeneous Power Supply;22
4.1.1;2.1 Control in Traditional Power Networks;23
4.1.2;2.2 Distributed Generation and Active Control;25
4.1.3;2.3 Communications Challenges in Active Control;28
4.1.3.1;2.3.1 Inter-Controller Coordination Traffic;29
4.1.3.2;2.3.2 Field-Device Control Traffic;30
4.1.4;2.4 Conclusion and Open Issues;31
4.1.5;References;31
5;Chapter-3;33
5.1;The Smart Grid in the Last Mile;33
5.1.1;3.1 Metering of Electricity;34
5.1.1.1;3.1.1 Traditional Metering;34
5.1.1.2;3.1.2 Smart Metering;35
5.1.1.3;3.1.3 Advanced Metering Infrastructure;36
5.1.2;3.2 Demand Response System;37
5.1.3;3.3 Communication Architecture for AMI;38
5.1.3.1;3.3.1 Neighborhood Area Network;39
5.1.3.2;3.3.2 AMI Wide Area Network;39
5.1.4;3.4 Communication Requirements and Solutions;40
5.1.4.1;3.4.1 Communication Requirements;40
5.1.4.2;3.4.2 Communication Technologies and Implementations;40
5.1.5;3.5 Conclusion and Open Issues;41
5.1.6;References;42
6;Chapter-4;44
6.1;Communication Solutions for Backhaul and Wide Area Networks;44
6.1.1;4.1 Wired Communications Media;45
6.1.1.1;4.1.1 Telephone Line;45
6.1.1.2;4.1.2 Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL);45
6.1.1.3;4.1.3 Fiber Optics;46
6.1.1.4;4.1.4 Power Line Carrier;46
6.1.1.5;4.1.5 Discussion;48
6.1.2;4.2 Satellite Communication;49
6.1.2.1;4.2.1 Geostationary Orbit Satellite;49
6.1.2.2;4.2.2 Low Earth Orbiting Satellite Communication;50
6.1.2.3;4.2.3 Discussion;50
6.1.3;4.3 Radio Communication;51
6.1.3.1;4.3.1 Microwave Radio;51
6.1.3.2;4.3.2 Ultra High Frequency Radio;52
6.1.3.3;4.3.3 Discussion;52
6.1.4;4.4 Mobile Radio;52
6.1.4.1;4.4.1 Global System for Mobile communications (GSM);53
6.1.4.2;4.4.2 General Packet Radio Service;54
6.1.4.3;4.4.3 Third and Fourth Generation of Mobile Phone Technology;54
6.1.4.4;4.4.4 Private Mobile Radio (PMR);54
6.1.4.5;4.4.5 Discussion;56
6.1.5;4.5 Conclusion and Open Issues;56
6.1.6;References;58
7;Chapter-5;59
7.1;Home Energy Management Systems;59
7.1.1;5.1 Energy Usage in Homes and Buildings;60
7.1.1.1;5.1.1 Heating and Cooling;60
7.1.1.2;5.1.2 Lighting System;61
7.1.1.3;5.1.3 Daily Appliances;61
7.1.2;5.2 Smart Home and Home Energy Management;62
7.1.2.1;5.2.1 Existing Energy Management Solutions;62
7.1.2.2;5.2.2 Home Energy Management Operations and Components;63
7.1.2.3;5.2.3 Smart Appliances;64
7.1.2.4;5.2.4 Environment Sensors and Actuators;65
7.1.2.5;5.2.5 Home Energy Controller;67
7.1.3;5.3 Communication for Home Energy Management;68
7.1.3.1;5.3.1 Communication Architectures for Home Energy Management;68
7.1.3.2;5.3.2 Communication Requirements;69
7.1.3.3;5.3.3 Communication Technologies and Solutions;70
7.1.4;5.4 Conclusion and Open Issues;71
7.1.5;References;72
8;Chapter-6;74
8.1;Communication Technologies for Smart Energy Management Systems;74
8.1.1;6.1 Power Line Communication (PLC);74
8.1.1.1;6.1.1 X10;75
8.1.1.2;6.1.2 Ineston;75
8.1.1.3;6.1.3 Lonworks;76
8.1.1.4;6.1.4 Universal Power Line Bus;76
8.1.1.5;6.1.5 Homeplug;76
8.1.1.6;6.1.6 KNX;77
8.1.2;6.2 Ethernet;77
8.1.3;6.3 Wireless Communication;78
8.1.3.1;6.3.1 Wi-Fi;78
8.1.3.2;6.3.2 IEEE 802.15.4 and Zigbee;79
8.1.3.3;6.3.3 Radio Frequency for Consumer Electronics;80
8.1.3.4;6.3.4 Bluetooth;81
8.1.3.5;6.3.5 Visible Light Communication;82
8.1.4;6.4 IP Protocol;83
8.1.5;6.5 Conclusion and Open Issues;84
8.1.6;References;85
9;Chapter-7;87
9.1;Towards a Unified Smart Grid ICT Infrastructure;87
9.1.1;7.1 Architectural Design and Data Aggregation;87
9.1.1.1;7.1.1 Smart Grid Data Aggregation;88
9.1.1.2;7.1.2 Interface to the Grid Control System;89
9.1.2;7.2 Provision of Computing Power;90
9.1.2.1;7.2.1 Use of Cloud Computing for Data Management;90
9.1.2.2;7.2.2 Role of Cloud Computing in the Smart Grid;92
9.1.3;7.3 Building the End to End Smart Grid;94
9.1.3.1;7.3.1 Power Station to Smart Meter;94
9.1.3.2;7.3.2 Smart Meter to Grid Operator;95
9.1.4;7.4 Conclusion and Open Issues;97
9.1.4.1;7.4.1 A Simple, Scalable and Efficient System;97
9.1.4.2;7.4.2 Secure, Robust and Reliable Communication;98
9.1.4.3;7.4.3 Smart Grid Deployment Pathways;98
9.1.5;References;99