Ebnesajjad Fluoroplastics, Volume 2

Melt Processible Fluoropolymers - The Definitive User's Guide and Data Book
2. Auflage 2015
ISBN: 978-1-4557-3198-5
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 766 Seiten

Reihe: Plastics Design Library

Fluoroplastics, Volume 2: Melt Processible Fluoropolymers - The Definitive User's Guide and Data Book compiles the working knowledge of the polymer chemistry and physics of melt processible fluoropolymers with detailed descriptions of commercial processing methods, material properties, fabrication and handling information, technologies, and applications, also including history, market statistics, and safety and recycling aspects. Both volumes of Fluoroplastics contain a large amount of specific property data useful for users to readily compare different materials and align material structure with end use applications. Volume Two concentrates on melt-processible fluoropolymers used across a broad range of industries, including automotive, aerospace, electronic, food, beverage, oil/gas, and medical devices. This new edition is a thoroughly updated and significantly expanded revision covering new technologies and applications, and addressing the changes that have taken place in the fluoropolymer markets. - Exceptionally broad and comprehensive coverage of melt processible fluoropolymers processing and applications - Provides a practical approach, written by long-standing authorities in the fluoropolymers industry - Thoroughly updated and significantly expanded revision covering new technologies and applications, and addressing the changes that have taken place in the fluoropolymer markets

Sina Ebnesajjad is the series editor of Plastics Design Library (PDL) published in the William Andrew imprint of Elsevier. This Series is a unique series, comprising technology and applications handbooks, data books and practical guides tailored to the needs of practitioners. Sina was the editor-in-chief of William Andrew Publishing from 2005 to 2007, which was acquired by Elsevier in 2009. He retired as a Senior Technology Associate in 2005 from the DuPont fluoropolymers after nearly 24 years of service. Sina founded of FluoroConsultants Group, LLC in 2006 where he continues to work. Sina earned his Bachelor of Science from the School of Engineering of the University of Tehran in 1976, Master of Science and PhD from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, all in Chemical Engineering. He is author, editor and co-author of fifteen technical and data books including five handbooks on fluoropolymers technology and applications. He is author and co-author of three books in surface preparation and adhesion of materials, two of which are in their second editions. Sina has been involved with technical writing and publishing since 1974.His experiences include fluoropolymer technologies (polytetrafluoroethylene and its copolymers) including polymerization, finishing, fabrication, product development, failure analysis, market development and technical service. Sina holds six patents.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Ebnesajjad, Sina

Leseproben

2 Production and Market Statistics
Abstract
Fluoropolymers are specialty plastics and have experienced growth over the decades since the discovery of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) in 1938. Fluorinated thermoplastics have grown into a large family of polymers based on tetrafluoroethylene, vinylidene fluoride, chlorotrifluoroethylene, and other monomers. PTFE and PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) have by far attracted the majority of consumption among all fluoropolymers in every industry either directly or indirectly. Even though the volumes of other fluorinated plastics are smaller than PTFE and PVDF they have unique and often critical applications. From a growth standpoint perfluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer and PVDF appear to be growing faster than other plastics in this family. Keywords
Fluoropolymers; Melt-processible resin; Polytetrafluoroethylene; Polyvinylidene fluoride
Fluoropolymers are specialty plastics and have experienced growth over the decades since the discovery of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) in 1938. Fluorinated thermoplastics have grown into a large family of polymers based on tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), vinylidene fluoride, chlorotrifluoroethylene and other monomers. PTFE and PVDF (polyviny-lidene fluoride) have by far attracted the majority of consumption among all fluoropolymers in every industry either directly or indirectly. Even though the volumes of other fluorinated plastics are smaller than PTFE and PVDF they have unique and often critical applications. From a growth standpoint perfluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer (FEP) and PVDF appear to be growing faster than other plastics in this family. The drivers of the growth have resided in the end-user applications where the unique properties and performance capabilities of these polymers are required. Fluoropolymers have many unique properties including resistance to the strongly aggressive chemicals and extreme hot and cold temperatures. Other characteristics of these plastics are electrical insulation, good weatherability, outstanding electrical and thermal insulation, ultrahigh purity, and low coefficient of friction. Fluoropolymers are thus used in chemical processing industries, automotive and aerospace, medical devices, wire and cable insulation, semiconductor and microelectronics manufacturing, cookware and bakeware, industrial coatings, pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals to name a few. The United States continues to be the market leader for consumption of fluoropolymers. Traditional uses of these plastics in chemical processing: coatings for cookware, bakeware, and industrial coating; medical devices continue growing in the United States. The bulk of the growth of fluoropolymers in late 2000s and 2010s come from fiber optic and wire and cable applications. FEP, PVDF, PTFE, ETFE (ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer), and ECTFE (copolymer of ethylene and chlorotrifluoroethylene) are the fluoropolymers that are consumed by the wire and cable markets though FEP and PVDF possess the largest volume in primary insulation and jacketing applications. Periodic economic downturns have forced the design engineers to sharpen their pencils and avoid overdesigning fluoropolymers. This trend and versatility afford the PVDF the fastest growth rate because of its usage as a premium coating for siding and roof in addition to its other applications. A healthy construction sector always benefits PVDF handsomely. Aside from the North American region fluoropolymers consumption is anticipated to grow significantly in the developing economies primarily China and India. Asian countries such as Japan, Korea, and Taiwan also continue to increase their consumption of fluoropolymers. The markets in Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, and Philippines are relatively small but continue to grow. Growth in fluoropolymer consumption in the European countries has historically lagged behind both those of North America and Asian regions. It is expected to grow at a faster rate than the United States in the 2012–2017 period. 2.1. Growth of Fluoropolymers
According to a 2013 study [1] the global fluoropolymers market revenue was estimated to be $7.2 billion in 2013 and is anticipated to reach $9.8 billion by 2018, growing at a compound annual growth rate of 5.7% from 2013 to 2018. Asia-Pacific and North American regions dominate the global fluoropolymers market, collectively accounted for 71.1% of the global fluoropolymers demand in 2010. Asia-Pacific is expected to be the fastest growing market for the foreseeable future. The rapid growth of the industry and the rise in the living standards have led to increasing demand from the fast rising economies of China and India. The market for fluoropolymers is being driven by the expansion of existing application markets and emergence of new markets [1]. Fluoropolymers exhibit properties superior to other polymeric materials and rubber which make them ideally suitable for a wide range of applications, especially applications demanding extreme environments, such as high-temperature stability, high chemical resistance, superior dielectric properties, weldability, mechanical strength, etc. The automotive and transportation industry is the largest end use application for fluoropolymers [1]. The growing trend toward lower vehicle weight, lower emissions, and enhanced fuel efficiency is expected to drive the consumption growth of fluoropolymers in the automotive and transportation industry. The highest sales growth of passenger cars in emerging markets such as China and India is also expected to boost the market. Electrical and electronics is the second largest application for fluoropolymers where they are increasingly being used in semiconductor fabrication, wire and cable insulation, lithium-ion batteries, jacketing, etc. Emerging new applications including photovoltaic modules, fuel cells, jacketing, lithium-ion batteries, etc. would also fuel the growth of the fluoropolymers market in the near future. The durable nature and excellent performance characteristics of fluoropolymers in harsh environments and demanding applications are expected to further help the market. 2.2. Regional Consumption of Fluoropolymers
Figure 2.1 indicates North America continues to dominate the global fluoropolymers market, accounting for 41% of the overall consumption in 2010. Asia-Pacific and Europe are the second and third largest fluoropolymers consuming regions, accounting for 30% and 21% of the overall market in 2010. North America is expected to lead the consumption of fluoropolymers because of sizable demand from a number of industries such as electrical, electronic, and automotive industries. In the recent years Asia-Pacific has exhibited great demand for fluoropolymers. This trend is likely to continue as a result of fast growing economies of China, India, and other Asian countries.
Figure 2.1 Regional Consumption of Fluoropolymers in 2010 (ROW = Rest of the World) [1]. China consumes large quantities of PTFE in addition to having the largest production capacity for PTFE. The reason is the relatively lower cost of PTFE than the United States and the European Union. China has the most abundant supply of acid grade fluorspar, which is the source of fluorine and main driver of fluoropolymers' cost. This preferential cost position has led to construction of a large number PTFE production plants by Chinese companies. FEP is the most common melt-processible resin made in China followed by a small amount PVDF. The historical driving force for FEP development in China was the coproduction of hexafluoropropylene (HFP) along with TFE. HFP is produced as a by-product in the old TFE monomer manufacturing process. More recent monomer processes can adjust the HFP output using steam during the pyrolysis of F-22 (CF2ClH). Most of the melt-processible fluoropolymers are produced by the Western and Japanese manufacturers (Table 2.1). The United States accounted for 20% of the world consumption of PTFE in 2012 and 40% of the world consumption of melt-processible fluoropolymers. From 2012 to 2017, US consumption of PTFE will grow at 2.0% per year, and consumption of other fluoropolymers is expected to grow at an average annual rate of about 3.3%. About 67% of Western Europe's fluoropolymer consumption is PTFE. During 2012–2017, Western European consumption of PTFE is expected to grow at an average annual rate of 3.5%, while other fluoropolymers are expected to grow at a higher rate than PTFE during the same period. Japan is increasingly specializing in melt-processible fluoropolymers over PTFE. Japanese fluoropolymer consumption is expected to grow at an average annual rate of 5.9% between 2012 and 2017. China is the world's largest consumer of PTFE, with 36% of world consumption in 2012. China's consumption of melt-processible fluoropolymers has been growing at double-digit rates. Table 2.1 Major Producers of Melt-Processible Fluoropolymers Company Products DuPont (United States) FEP, PFA, ETFE, PVF Solvay SA (Belgium) PVDF, ECTFE, PFA/MFA Daikin (Japan) FEP, PFA, ETFE, PVDF, PCTFE, E-FEP Arkema SA (France) PCTFE, PVDF Asahi Glass (Japan) PFA,...