Estep Self-Organizing Natural Intelligence

Issues of Knowing, Meaning, and Complexity
1. Auflage 2006
ISBN: 978-1-4020-5299-6
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 381 Seiten

This book brings new scientific methods to intelligence research that is still under the influence of 19th century single causal theory and method. The author describes a rigorous and exhaustive classification of natural intelligence while demonstrating a more adequate scientific and mathematical approach than current statistical and psychometric approaches construct to shore up the out-dated and misused IQ hypothetical. The author demonstrates the superiority of a highly developed multidisciplinary-theory models view of intelligence.

Myrna Lynne Estep holds the B.A., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees from Indiana University, Bloomington, where she also taught and where much of the research for this book was originally done. She has also held faculty positions at the University of Zimbabwe; a branch of the University of Texas; and held various professional positions with the U.S. Government. She is the author of numerous scientific and technological papers, two books, co-editor of another, and has conducted studies in social and political theory affecting women, minorities, and the poor. Her biography appears in numerous reference books including The Directory of American Scholars; various editions of the Marquis Who's Who and Who's Who in Science and Engineering. She was elected a member of the Honor Society of Phi Kappa Phi in 1992, and is an active researcher and writer in the behavioral sciences and artificial intelligence. Along with her husband, philosopher-scientist Richard Schoenig, she spends much of her time in West Texas and in the high San Juan Mountains of southwest Colorado.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Estep, Myrna

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Dedication;5
2;Table of Contents;7
3;Introduction;17
3.1;The Continuing Influence of Behaviorism;18
3.2;Myths of the Representational, Top-Down, Linguistic Mind;19
3.3;and Sensorimotor Intelligence;22
3.4;Toward Signs and Self-Organization;23
4;List of Abbreviations;27
5;List of Figures and Tables;29
6;Acknowledgements;31
7;1 The Problem of Intelligence;33
7.1;1.1 Some of the Basic Issues;36
7.2;1.2 The Faulty Sciences of Intelligence;39
7.2.1;1.2.1 The Anti-Theory Bias;40
7.2.2;1.2.2 Invalid Reductionism;42
7.2.3;1.2.3 Neglect of Emerging Intelligence;46
7.2.4;1.2.4 Neglect of Theory Construction and Concept Formation;48
7.2.5;1.2.5 Unexamined Assumptions, Concepts, and Fallacies;53
7.2.6;1.2.6 A Bankrupt Theory of Knowing in the Sciences of Intelligence;57
7.2.7;1.2.7 A Missing Distinction between Rule-governed and Rule- bound Intelligence;59
7.2.8;1.2.8 Neglect of Multiple Signs and Disclosure of Intelligence;61
7.2.9;1.2.9 Mechanical “Hard-Wired” and Natural Intelligence: Absent the Difference;64
7.3;1.3 Requirements for a New Science of Intelligence;65
7.3.1;1.3.1 A Broader Theory of Knowing;66
7.3.2;1.3.2 A Broader Theory of Signs of Intelligence;69
7.3.3;1.3.3 Methods of Nonlinear Science: The Emergence of Self- Organizing Dynamical Intelligence;72
7.4;1.4 Summary;77
8;2 The Universe of Intelligence;81
8.1;2.1 Carving the Problem Space;81
8.1.1;2.1.1 Rational Inquiry and Ideology: The Differences;82
8.1.2;2.1.2 Careless Carving;84
8.2;2.2 Classical Origins and Fabric of Intelligence Theory: Cut on Biases;85
8.2.1;2.2.1 Plato and Aristotle’s Conflicting Theoretical Stage;86
8.2.2;2.2.2 Anthropocentrism, Language, Gender, Race, Size, Wealth, and Place;90
8.2.3;2.2.3 The Fabric of Concepts Defining Intelligence Since Darwin;92
8.3;2.3 Today’s IQ Tests: Circularity, Bias, and American Eugenics;105
8.3.1;2.3.1 The Economic Argument;106
8.3.2;2.3.2 Reification and the Eugenics Argument;108
8.3.3;2.3.3 A Static Hierarchy:;110
8.3.4;the Controller;110
8.3.5;2.3.4 Biological Determinism Revisited;115
8.4;2.4 Summary;122
9;3 The Genesis of Intelligence: Innate and Emergence Arguments;125
9.1;3.1. Categorization, Classification, Concepts and Representation;125
9.1.1;3.1.1 Reality and the Influence of Representationalism;127
9.2;3.2 The Continuing Problem with Universals (Concepts): Some History;128
9.2.1;3.2.1 Realists, Conceptualists, and Nominalists on Universals;133
9.2.2;3.2.2 Theories of Knowledge and the Scope of Intelligence;134
9.2.3;3.2.3 Today’s Representationalist Myths: Cognitive Maps in the Brain;142
9.3;3.3 The Innate Versus Emergence Arguments;145
9.3.1;3.3.1 The Genetically Encoded Syntax Argument;145
9.3.2;3.3.2 Nonverbal Communication: Beyond Alphanumeric Symbols and Vocalizations;147
9.3.3;3.3.3 Evolutionary Argument against Innatists;152
9.3.4;3.3.4 Cognitivism, Mechanism, and “Innateness”: How the Mind Does Not Work;154
9.4;3.4 Summary;160
10;4 The Intelligence of Doing: Sensorimotor Domains and Knowing How;163
10.1;4.1 The Intelligence of Doing;163
10.1.1;4.1.1 A Two-Pronged Approach to Intelligence Inquiry;165
10.1.2;4.1.2 Cognition, Consciousness, Awareness;168
10.2;4.2 The Science of Awareness;170
10.2.1;4.2.1 Cortical Structures and Information: Neural Bases of Awareness and Intelligent Doing;172
10.2.2;4.2.2 How Concepts (Universals) Get Formed: A Global Map Theory;175
10.2.3;4.2.3 Primitive Awareness;179
10.2.4;4.2.4 Experimental Evidence of Immediate Awareness;182
10.2.5;4.2.5 Primitives of the Preattentive Phase of Awareness;189
10.3;4.3 Primitive Intelligence of Moving and Touching;199
10.3.1;4.3.1 Multiple Spaces of the Senses, Images and Probing;200
10.3.2;4.3.2 Smoothness and Timing in Intelligent Doing;205
10.4;4.4 Summary;208
11;5 Universals, Mathematical Thought and Awareness;213
11.1;5.1 On the Origins and Nature of Mathematical Thought;214
11.1.1;5.1.1 A Postmodern View: The Body Shapes Development and Content of Mathematics;216
11.1.2;5.1.2 The Language Causal Argument: Language Shapes the Development and Content of Mathematics;220
11.1.3;5.1.3 Thinking in Patterns and Images;224
11.1.4;5.1.4 The Realism Argument: Reality and Reason Shape the Development and Content of Mathematics;228
11.2;5.2 Problems with Representation Theories Revisited;236
11.2.1;5.2.1 Classification and the Nature of Sui Generis Objects of Immediate Awareness;240
11.3;5.3 Phenomenal Experience and Mathematics;241
11.3.1;5.3.1 Perception and Mathematical Objects;245
11.3.2;5.3.2 The Reality of Sets and Concepts;247
11.3.3;5.3.3 Intersubjective Requirements of Mathematical Thought;250
11.4;5.4 Summary;251
12;6 Intelligence as Self-Organizing Emerging Complexity;255
12.1;6.1 Categories of Natural Intelligence;255
12.2;6.2 Self-Organization and Pattern Formation;256
12.2.1;6.2.1 Interactive Systems and Self-Organization;259
12.3;6.3 Mechanism and Organicism Revisited;262
12.3.1;6.3.1 Organized Simplicity and Unorganized Complexity;262
12.3.2;6.3.2 Organized Complexity;264
12.4;6.4 Nonlinear Theory Models Approach to Natural Intelligence;267
12.4.1;6.4.1 The SIGGS Theory Model;270
12.4.2;6.4.2 Information Theory;272
12.5;6.5 SIGGS Applied to Natural Intelligence Systems;276
12.5.1;6.5.1 The Use of Digraph Theory to Characterize Intelligence Relations;278
12.5.2;6.5.2 Information-Theoretic Measures on Natural Intelligence Systems;287
12.6;6.6 From a Symbol-based View to a Geometric View of Natural Intelligence;292
12.6.1;6.6.1 Boolean Networks;292
12.7;6.7 Summary;296
13;7 Mapping Natural Intelligence to Machine Space;301
13.1;7.1 Classical Architectures for Natural Intelligence;302
13.1.1;7.1.1 Learning, Knowledge, Knowing and Intelligence;303
13.1.2;7.1.2 Goal-seeking Intentional Behavior;309
13.1.3;7.1.3 Control System Information Limitations;312
13.2;7.2 Biologically-Inspired Architectures: VLSI;314
13.2.1;7.2.1 Neuromorphic Architectures;316
13.2.2;7.2.2 The Problem of “Brittleness”;320
13.2.3;7.2.3 Problems with Pattern Recognition and Limits of Classification;327
13.2.4;7.2.4 Kinds of Space: Revisiting the Problem with Universals;331
13.3;7.3 Problems with Complexity;335
13.3.1;7.3.1 Decidability;335
13.4;7.4 Summary;342
14;8 Summary and Conclusions of Self-Organizing Natural Intelligence;347
14.1;8.1 A History of Biased Intelligence Space;348
14.2;8.2 Natural Intelligence as Self-Organizing and Emerging;350
14.2.1;8.2.1 Multidimensional and Multilayered Intelligence;352
14.2.2;8.2.2 Three Major Kinds of Natural Intelligence;352
14.3;8.3 Nonlinear Methods for a Science of Intelligence;353
14.4;8.4 Some Issues Left Unresolved;356
15;References;361
16;Index;387

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