Hackert The Emergence of the English Native Speaker

A Chapter in Nineteenth-Century Linguistic Thought
1. Auflage 2012
ISBN: 978-1-61451-105-2
Verlag: De Gruyter
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, Band 4, 316 Seiten

Reihe: Language and Social Processes [LSP]ISSN

The native speaker is one of the central but at the same time most controversial concepts of modern linguistics. With regard to English, it became especially controversial with the rise of the so-called "New Englishes," where reality is much more complex than the neat distinction into native and non-native speakers would make us believe. This volume reconstructs the coming-into-being of the English native speaker in the second half of the nineteenth century in order to probe into the origins of the problems surrounding the concept today. A corpus of texts which includes not only the classics of the nineteenth-century linguistic literature but also numerous lesser-known articles from periodical journals of the time is investigated by means of historical discourse analysis in order to retrace the production and reproduction of this particularly important linguistic ideology.

Zielgruppe

Institutional Libraries, Students and Researchers in Applied Linguistics, English Sociolinguistics, Historical Linguistics and Cultural Studies

Autoren/Hrsg.

Hackert, Stephanie

Fachgebiete

• Geisteswissenschaften Sprachwissenschaft Sprachwissenschaften Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaft
• Geisteswissenschaften Sprachwissenschaft Einzelne Sprachen & Sprachfamilien
• Geisteswissenschaften Sprachwissenschaft Historische & Vergleichende Sprachwissenschaft, Sprachtypologie

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Acknowledgements;5
2;1 Introduction;11
3;Part I: A discourse-historical approach to the English native speaker;17
3.1;2 The native speaker in contemporary linguistics;19
3.1.1;2.1 So what is the problem with the native speaker?;20
3.1.2;2.2 Defining the native speaker;22
3.1.3;2.3 The native speaker in the World Englishes context;24
3.1.3.1;2.3.1 Modeling World Englishes;25
3.1.3.2;2.3.2 The ownership question: Whose English is it?;31
3.1.4;2.4 Approaches to the native speaker: Features or historical construct?;36
3.1.5;2.5 The birth of the English native speaker;41
3.2;3 Identities, ideologies, and discourse: Toward a theoretical and methodological framework;43
3.2.1;3.1 Linguistic identities and ideologies;43
3.2.2;3.2 Discourse as a scientific object;45
3.2.3;3.3 Discourse as a linguistic object;47
3.2.3.1;3.3.1 Linguistic approaches to discourse I: Historical discourse analysis;47
3.2.3.2;3.3.2 Digression: Late-nineteenth century intertextuality and the notion of the discourse community;50
3.2.3.3;3.3.3 Linguistic approaches to discourse II: Critical Discourse Analysis;55
3.2.4;3.4 The corpus;60
3.2.4.1;3.4.1 Socio- and linguistic-historical background;61
3.2.4.2;3.4.2 Constitution of the corpus;67
3.2.4.3;3.4.3 A note on quoted material;70
3.3;4 The ideologies of Marsh (1859): A close reading;73
3.3.1;4.1 The introduction;74
3.3.2;4.2 Of native speakers, native languages, and native philology;82
3.3.3;4.3 Names for English and its speakers;87
3.3.4;4.4 Summary;98
4;Part II : “Good” English and the “best” speakers: The native speaker and standards of language, speech, and writing;99
4.1;5 Defining and delimiting “English” and “standard English”;101
4.1.1;5.1 The native speaker and the standard language in the World Englishes context;104
4.1.2;5.2 Defining a language: Stability and staticity as theoretical and methodological necessities of nineteenth- and twentieth-century linguistics;113
4.1.2.1;5.2.1 Nineteenth-century attempts at solving the problem of linguistic heterogeneity;115
4.1.2.2;5.2.2 The “imagination” of standard English through the OED;118
4.2;6 The question of standard spoken English and the dialects;123
4.2.1;6.1 From written to spoken standards for English;123
4.2.1.1;6.1.1 Standard spoken English: Where is it to be found?;127
4.2.1.2;6.1.2 English = standard English;128
4.2.1.3;6.1.3 Standard English = educated English;129
4.2.1.4;6.1.4 Educated speakers are the “best” speakers;130
4.2.1.5;6.1.5 Can we not define the standard linguistically?;134
4.2.1.6;6.1.6 “Educated” = public-school educated;136
4.2.1.7;6.1.7 Of “natural” educated speakers “to the language born”;137
4.2.1.8;6.1.8 Educated English = a level of excellence which need not be homogenous in reality;139
4.2.1.9;6.1.9 Colloquial English and the naturalness problem;142
4.2.2;6.2 The standard and the dialects;146
4.2.2.1;6.2.1 Whence the new interest in the dialects?;146
4.2.2.2;6.2.2 The status of the dialects vis-à-vis the standard language;147
4.2.2.3;6.2.3 The dialects’ contribution to the historicization of the standard language: “Primitive” forms and “Anglo-Saxon” words;148
4.2.2.4;6.2.4 Preservation of the dialects: “Antique curiosities” or actual means of communication?;150
4.2.2.5;6.2.5 “Genuine” dialect and “authentic” speakers: The emergence of the NORM;153
4.2.2.6;6.2.6 Rural, traditional dialects vs. new, urban forms of speech;157
4.3;7 Spoken vs. written language and the native speaker;163
4.3.1;7.1 Why are there no native writers?;163
4.3.1.1;7.1.1 The spoken language, the native speaker, and linguistic theory;164
4.3.1.2;7.1.2 The relationship of speech and writing before the mid-nineteenth century;168
4.3.1.2.1;7.1.2.1 The Herderian notion of “Volksstimme”;170
4.3.1.2.2;7.1.2.2 Coleridge vs. Wordsworth: “Lingua communis” vs. authentic folk speech;171
4.3.1.3;7.1.3 The ascendancy of spoken language;174
4.3.1.3.1;7.1.3.1 The significance of spoken language in the second half of the nineteenth century: Max Muller’s influential Lectures on the Science of Language;176
4.3.1.3.2;7.1.3.2 Late nineteenth-century thought on speech and writing;180
4.3.1.3.3;7.1.3.3 The late-nineteenth century concern with spelling reform and what it implies for the native speaker;186
4.3.2;7.2 Summary of Part II;189
5;Part III : Language, nation, and race: Of Anglo-Saxons and English speakers conquering the world;193
5.1;8 Nationalism, racism, and the native speaker;195
5.1.1;8.1 Nineteenth-century linguistic nationalism;199
5.1.2;8.2 Language and race;203
5.1.3;8.3 Language, nation, and race and the writings of Edward A. Freeman;208
5.1.4;8.4 Language and nation historically: The development of English and its speakers;215
5.1.4.1;8.4.1 The historical perspective on language, nation, and race: Constructing a venerable history for English;215
5.1.4.2;8.4.2 R. C. Trench on language as a nation’s “moral barometer”;218
5.2;9 Anglo-Saxonism and the English native speaker;223
5.2.1;9.1 The rise of Anglo-Saxonism in philology;224
5.2.2;9.2 Anglo-Saxonism in nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Britain and the U.S.A.;225
5.2.2.1;9.2.1 The origins myth: Anglo-Saxons and their religious and political heritage;227
5.2.2.2;9.2.2 Framing Anglo-Saxonism racially: Of superior and inferior peoples;228
5.2.2.3;9.2.3 Anglo-Saxonism in America;231
5.2.2.4;9.2.4 Closing the lines: British and U.S. Anglo-Saxons unite;233
5.2.3;9.3 The development of nationalism in Britain and the U.S.;241
5.2.3.1;9.3.1 British national identity in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries;242
5.2.3.2;9.3.2 The “moment of Englishness”;244
5.2.3.3;9.3.3 Language and nationalism in the late nineteenth-century U.S.A.;246
5.3;10 The language of the world: In praise of English;251
5.3.1;10.1 English as the greatest language linguistically;252
5.3.1.1;10.1.1 Vocabulary: Mixed origins;254
5.3.1.2;10.1.2 English as the great borrowing language;256
5.3.1.3;10.1.3 English against French;259
5.3.2;10.2 The English-speaking community;261
5.3.2.1;10.2.1 The numerological tradition: Pride in the number of English speakers worldwide;261
5.3.2.2;10.2.2 The three C’s: Civilization, commerce, and Christianity;264
5.3.2.3;10.2.3 Of superior and inferior races and the “great law of contact”;267
5.3.3;10.3 Threats to the language;272
5.3.4;10.4 Summary of Part III;281
5.4;11 Conclusion;283
6;References;293
6.1;Historical sources;293
6.2;Other references;300
7;Author index;311
8;Subject index;313

Über Autor(innen)

Hackert, Stephanie
Stephanie Hackert, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.

Stephanie Hackert, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.