Hoffman / Daniels Common Musculoskeletal Problems

A Handbook
1. Auflage 2010
ISBN: 978-1-4419-5523-4
Verlag: Springer
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 157 Seiten

This book is designed to act as an off-the-shelf guide to assist health care providers evaluating patients presenting with common musculoskeletal complaints in the primary care setting. The result of a $750,000 research grant that studied how comfortable primary care providers felt when treating musculoskeletal conditions, this book addresses the common finding that family physcians felt unprepared despite frequently seeing these types of complaints. Since the primary care physician operates in a different environment than an orthopedic surgeon, the approach to the patient presenting in the primary care clinic must also differ from the specialist's approach. This book has been divided into chapters covering major body regions and injuries, and each chapter includes: Red flags, which are conditions requiring immediate treatment and referral; basic anatomy of the body region; Clinical evaluation techniques and tear sheets for use during examination; Common clinical diagnoses; and disposition of the patient illustrated with helpful flow charts.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Daniels, James

Hoffman, M. Rebecca

Daniels, James M

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Common MusculoskeletalProblems;3
1.1;Contents;5
1.2;Contributors;7
1.3;Chapter 1: Introduction;11
1.3.1;A Primary Care Approach to the Patient;11
1.3.2;Layout;13
1.4;Chapter 2: The Cervical Spine;14
1.4.1;Functional Anatomy;14
1.4.2;Red Flags;15
1.4.3;Approach to the Patient with Cervical Spine Pathology;16
1.4.4;Common Clinical Presentations;16
1.4.4.1;“Mechanical” Neck Pain;16
1.4.4.2;Cervical Radiculopathy;17
1.4.4.3;Cervical Myelopathy;20
1.4.5;Whiplash Associated Disorder;21
1.4.6;Conclusion;21
1.4.7;Suggested Reading;21
1.5;Chapter 3: The Shoulder;23
1.5.1;Functional Anatomy;23
1.5.2;Red Flags;26
1.5.3;General Approach to the Patient;26
1.5.4;Common Clinical Presentations;27
1.5.4.1;Rotator Cuff Pathology;27
1.5.4.2;AC Joint Pathology;29
1.5.4.3;Shoulder Instability;29
1.5.5;References;31
1.6;Chapter 4: The Elbow;32
1.6.1;Functional Anatomy;32
1.6.2;Red Flags;34
1.6.3;General Approach to the Patient with Elbow Pain;35
1.6.4;Common Clinical Presentations;35
1.6.4.1;Lateral Epicondylitis (Lateral Elbow Tendinopathy or Tendinosis);35
1.6.4.2;Medial Epicondylitis (Medial Elbow Tendinopathy);36
1.6.4.3;Olecranon Bursitis;36
1.6.4.4;Less Common Presentations;37
1.6.5;References;38
1.7;Chapter 5: The Hand and Wrist;39
1.7.1;Anatomy and Function;39
1.7.2;Red Flags;41
1.7.3;General Approach to the Patient with Hand and Wrist Pain;43
1.7.3.1;Primary Hand and Wrist Examination;43
1.7.4;Common Clinical Presentations;44
1.7.4.1;Trauma;44
1.7.4.2;Acute Nontraumatic Hand and Wrist Pain (<8 Weeks Duration);44
1.7.4.3;Chronic Nontraumatic Hand and Wrist Pain (>8 Weeks Duration);46
1.7.5;References;47
1.8;Chapter 6: Lumbosacral Spine;48
1.8.1;Functional Anatomy;48
1.8.2;Red Flags;51
1.8.3;General Approach to the Patient with Back Pain;51
1.8.4;Common Clinical Presentations;53
1.8.4.1;Mechanical Low Back Pain;53
1.8.4.2;Disk Herniation;54
1.8.4.3;Spinal Stenosis;54
1.8.5;References;55
1.9;Chapter 7: The Hip;57
1.9.1;Functional Anatomy;57
1.9.2;Red Flags;58
1.9.3;Approach to the Patient with Hip Pain;58
1.9.4;Primary Hip Exam;58
1.9.5;Most Common Clinical Presentations;59
1.9.5.1;Lateral “Hip” Pain: Trochanteric Bursitis;59
1.9.5.2;Posterior “Hip Pain”;60
1.9.5.3;Anterior Hip or Groin Pain;60
1.9.6;References;61
1.10;Chapter 8: The Knee;63
1.10.1;Functional Anatomy;63
1.10.2;Red Flags;65
1.10.3;General Approach to the Patient with Knee Pain;65
1.10.4;Common Clinical Presentations;67
1.10.4.1;Anterior Knee Pain;67
1.10.4.2;The Acutely Effused Knee (Trauma);68
1.10.4.2.1;Ligament Tears;68
1.10.4.2.2;Meniscal Tears;69
1.10.4.2.3;Fracture;69
1.10.4.2.4;Patellar Dislocation;70
1.10.4.3;Chronic Atraumatic Pain (Osteoarthritis);70
1.10.5;References;72
1.11;Chapter 9: The Ankle;73
1.11.1;Functional Anatomy;73
1.11.2;Red Flags;76
1.11.3;Common Clinical Conditions;78
1.11.3.1;Lateral Ankle Sprain;78
1.11.3.2;Posterior Ankle Pain;79
1.11.3.3;Tendinopathy;80
1.11.4;Suggested Reading;81
1.12;Chapter 10: Pediatric Musculoskeletal Complaints;82
1.12.1;Red Flags;82
1.12.2;Common Clinical Presentations;83
1.12.2.1;Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis;83
1.12.2.2;Bowlegs and Knock-knees;84
1.12.2.3;Genu Varum (Bowlegs);85
1.12.2.4;Genu Valgum (Knock-Knees);86
1.12.2.5;Intoeing;88
1.12.2.6;Femoral Anteversion;88
1.12.2.7;Tibial Torsion;89
1.12.2.8;Metatarsus Adductus;89
1.12.2.9;Back Pain in Children and Adolescents;90
1.12.3;Suggested Reading;91
1.13;Chapter 11: The Acute Swollen/Painful Joint;92
1.13.1;Red Flags;92
1.13.2;Approach to the Patient with an Acutely Swollen, Painful Joint;93
1.13.3;Common Clinical Presentations;93
1.13.3.1;Infection (Septic Joint);93
1.13.4;Crystal Deposition Arthritis;95
1.13.5;Trauma;96
1.13.6;References;96
1.14;Chapter 12: Musculoskeletal Radiology;98
1.14.1;Ordering X-Rays for Specific Body Areas;99
1.14.1.1;C-Spine;99
1.14.1.2;LS Spine;99
1.14.1.3;Shoulder;99
1.14.1.4;Humerus;99
1.14.1.5;Elbow;99
1.14.1.6;Forearm;100
1.14.1.7;Wrist;100
1.14.1.8;The Hand;100
1.14.1.9;Pelvis and Hip;100
1.14.1.10;Thigh;100
1.14.1.11;Knee;101
1.14.1.12;Leg, Ankle, and Foot;101
1.14.1.13;Special Testing;101
1.14.2;Summary;103
1.14.3;Reference;103
1.15;Chapter 13: Soft Tissue Injuries;104
1.15.1;Acute Management;104
1.15.1.1;Thumb Spica Splint (See Table 13.1 and Fig. 13.1a–d );106
1.15.1.2;Sugar Tong Splint (See Table 13.2 and Fig. 13.4a–d);106
1.15.1.3;Arm Sling (See Table 13.3);108
1.15.1.4;Stax Splint (See Table 13.4 and Fig. 13.5a–d);110
1.15.1.5;Extension Block Splint (See Table 13.5 and Fig. 13.6a–d);110
1.15.1.6;Knee Immobilizer (See Table 13.6);110
1.15.1.7;Knee Sleeve (See Table 13.7);110
1.15.1.8;Ankle Sugar Tong Splint (See Table 13.8 and Fig. 13.7a–d);112
1.15.1.9;Proper Use of Crutches;113
1.15.2;Recommended Reading;115
1.16;Chapter 14: The Preparticipation Physical Exam;116
1.16.1;Obtaining the Medical History;117
1.16.2;Performing the Physical Exam;120
1.16.3;Clearance Determination;123
1.16.3.1;Cardiovascular;124
1.16.3.2;Neurologic;125
1.16.3.3;Musculoskeletal;125
1.16.3.4;Pulmonary;126
1.16.3.5;Abnormal Vision and Eye Disorders;126
1.16.3.6;Abnormalities of Abdominal Organs;127
1.16.3.7;Gender-Specific Issues;127
1.16.3.8;Diabetes;128
1.16.3.9;Heat Illness;128
1.16.3.10;Transmissible Illness;128
1.16.4;References;129
1.17;Appendix;130
1.18;Index;155