Kuschpèta The banking and credit system of the USSR

1978
ISBN: 978-1-4613-4048-5
Verlag: Springer US
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band 18, 284 Seiten, eBook

Reihe: Tilburg Studies in Economics

Zielgruppe

Research

Autoren/Hrsg.

Kuschpèta, O.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1. Definition of the problem and introductory remarks.- 1.1. Definition of the problem.- 1.2. Marxist doctrine and the October Revolution.- 1.3. Three sources of basic doctrine underlying Soviet Socialist society.- 1.4. Basic characteristics of the Soviet economic system.- 1.5. Monetary function in the economic system.- 2. The development and final state of the banking system in Russia under the Tsars.- 2.1. Introduction.- 2.2. The reform of 1861 - the birth of the modern system.- 2.3. The development of the private banks.- 2.4. Agricultural banks and other credit institutions after the reform of 1861.- 2.5. The banking system after the reform of 1895–1897.- 2.6. General characteristics of the banking system prior to the October Revolution.- 3. The birth of the banking and credit system of the USSR.- 3.1. Introduction.- 3.2. The merging of all banks into one large clearing centre.- 3.3. Money and credit during the civil war period.- 3.4. The influence of the New Economic Policy (N.E.P.) on the revival of the banks.- 3.5. The monetary reform of 1922-1924.- 3.6. The banking system during the first N.E.P. period.- 3.7. The second N.E.P. period: Adaptation of the banking system to the planned economy.- 3.8. The reform of the credit system and the completion of the organization of the banks under Stalin 1930–1932.- 3.9. The monetary reform of 1947 and other measures to stabilize the ruble.- 3.10. The modifications of the banking system under Khrushchev.- 3.11. Conclusion.- 4. The current credit and banking system of the USSR and its functions.- 4.1. Introduction.- 4.2. The effect of the economic reforms of Kosygin on the banking and credit system.- 4.3. The credit institutions.- 4.3.1. The Gosbank.- 4.3.2. The savings banks.- 4.3.3. The Vneshtorgbank.- 4.3.4. The Stroibank.- 4.3.5. The banks abroad.- 4.3.6. The other institutions.- 4.4. The Gosbank, payments and clearing.- 4.4.1. The issue of rubles.- 4.4.2. The management of the cash flow.- 4.4.3. The management of the ‘deposit’ or ‘transfer’ money circulation (Giro).- 4.5. Short-term banking credit.- 4.6. Long-term banking credit.- 4.7. State loans.- 4.8. The other forms of credit.- 4.9. The Soviet banks and the Comecon banks.- 4.10. Conclusion.- 5. The banking and credit system and the general economic system.- 5.1. Introduction.- 5.2. The economy and State organization of the USSR.- 5.2.1. The administrative territorial divisions of the USSR and the economy.- 5.2.2. The unity of power.- 5.2.3. The principle of democratic centralization.- 5.2.4. Edinonachalie.- 5.3. A short sketch of the institutional structure of the Soviet economy and the position of the banks therein.- 5.3.1. The Council of Ministers of the USSR.- 5.3.2. The Council of Ministers of a Soviet Republic.- 5.3.3. All-Union models of economic management.- 5.3.4. Republic models of economic management.- 5.3.5. The position of the banks in the institutional structure.- 5.3.6. Recapitulation.- 5.4. The position of the USSR enterprises in the current economic system.- 5.5. The organization of Soviet industrial management after 1975.- 5.5.1. The new organization chart.- 5.5.2. Union (Republic) / industry / associations (promyshlennoe obedinenie).- 5.5.3. Production societies (proizvodstvennoe obedinenie).- 5.5.4. The consequences of the re-organization for the banks.- 5.5.5. Evaluation.- 5.6. General characteristics of Soviet State finances/116.- 5.7. The financing of enterprises.- 5.7.1. Capital goods and the financing thereof.- 5.7.2. Operational results.- 5.7.3. The balance sheet.- 5.7.4. Final remarks.- 5.8. The organizational structure of the Soviet finances and the inter-relationships of their components.- 5.9. The banking and credit system in the Soviet finances.- 5.9.1. The re-distribution of the national revenue.- 5.9.2. The investments.- 5.9.3. The financing of the liquid assets of enterprises.- 5.10. Recapitulation and conclusions.- 6. The role of the banks in the planned management of the Soviet economy.- 6.1. Introduction.- 6.2. Centralized planning and the role of the banks.- 6.3. The relationships between credit plans, cash plan and the financial plan.- 6.4. The credit plans.- 6.4.1. The short-term credit plan of the Gosbank.- 6.4.2. The short-term credit plan of the Stroibank.- 6.4.3. The long-term credit plan of the Gosbank.- 6.4.4. The long-term credit plan of the Stroibank.- 6.5. The planning of the monetary circulation (cash flow).- 6.5.1. The planning principles.- 6.5.2. Calculation of the money supply.- 6.5.3. The balance of the population’s income and expenditures.- 6.5.4. The Gosbank’s cash plan.- 6.5.5. Conclusions.- 6.6. The supervisory tasks of the Soviet banks.- 6.6.1. Gosbank supervision over expenditures for wages.- 6.6.2. Control exerted via the ruble.- 6.6.3. Sanctions.- 6.7. The bank interest.- 6.8. Soviet currency and the international economic relations of the USSR.- 6.8.1. The State monopoly on currency.- 6.8.2. The Foreign Currency Treasury.- 6.8.3. The ruble and the ‘socialist worldmarket’.- 6.8.4. The ruble and the ‘capitalist worldmarket’.- 6.8.5. The currency plan.- 6.8.6. Conclusions.- 6.9. Recapitulation.- 7. Critical closing considerations.- 7.1. Introduction.- 7.2. The genesis of the Soviet banking and credit system.- 7.3. Money and the socialist economy of the Soviet type.- 7.3.1. The views of Marx and Engels.- 7.3.2. The views of Lenin.- 7.3.3. The need for money in a planned economy of the Soviet type.- 7.3.4. The nature and functions of Soviet money.- 7.3.5. Conclusions.- 7.4. The economic order of the USSR and the banking and credit system.- 7.4.1. The economic order of the USSR.- 7.4.2. Two methods of mobilizing and distributing monetary means.- 7.4.3. The State Budget.- 7.4.4. Credit.- 7.4.5. The function of the credit institution and the economic order.- 7.4.6. Conclusions.- 7.5. Theory and practice.- 7.5.1. General principles.- 7.5.2. The principles of the monetary and the banking policy.- 7.5.3. Practice.- 7.5.4. Closing remarks.- 7.6. Concluding paragraph.- 7.6.1. Conclusions.- 7.6.2. General appraisal.- 7.6.3. Suggestions.- Summary.