Lancaster The Physics of Welding

International Institute of Welding
2. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4831-5187-8
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 360 Seiten, Web PDF

The Physics of Welding, Second Edition covers advances in welding physics. The book describes symbols, units and dimensions; the physical properties of fluids at elevated temperatures; and electricity and magnetism. The text also discusses fluid and magneto fluid dynamics; the electric arc; and the electric arc in welding. Metal transfer and mass flow in the weld pool, as well as high power density welding are also tackled. Students interested in welding physics will find the book useful.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Lancaster, J. F.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;The Physics of Welding;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;12
5;Preface to the Second Edition;6
6;Preface to the First Edition;8
7;Membership of Study Group 212 1983;10
8;CHAPTER 1. SYMBOLS, UNITS AND DIMENSIONS;22
8.1;1.1 S I Units;22
8.2;1.2 EMU and ESU Systems;25
8.3;1.3 This Book;28
9;CHAPTER 2. THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES;30
9.1;2.1 Introduction;30
9.2;2.2 Gases;30
9.3;2.3 Liquid Metals;51
10;CHAPTER 3. ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM;68
10.1;3.1 Electrons and Ions;68
10.2;3.2 Electrostatics;69
10.3;3.3 Gauss's Law;70
10.4;3.4 The Magnetic Force;70
10.5;3.5 The Law of Biot and Savart;72
10.6;3.6 Electromagnetic Induction;73
10.7;3.7 The Maxwell Stress and the Force on a Conducting Body;75
10.8;3.8 The Current Density and Ohms Law;76
10.9;3.9 The Pinch Instability: an Approximate Solution;77
10.10;3.10 The Dynamics of Instability in Fluid Cylinder;82
10.11;3.11 Predicted Behaviour of Perturbed Cylinder: Radial Pinch (m = 0);89
10.12;3.12 The Higher Unstable Modes (m > 0);91
10.13;3.13 The Effect of an Externally-Applied Magnetic Field;92
10.14;3.14 The Growth Rate Constant;92
10.15;3.15 The Effect of Viscosity on the Instability of a Fluid Cylinder;93
10.16;3.16 Instability of a Viscous Liquid Cylinder with a Surface Charge and Carrying an Axial Current;94
11;CHAPTER 4. FLUID AND MAGNETO FLUID DYNAMICS;98
11.1;4.1 Introduction;98
11.2;4.2 The Continuity Equation;99
11.3;4.3 The Momentum Equation;100
11.4;4.4 Momentum;100
11.5;4.5 Pressure;101
11.6;4.6 Viscosity;102
11.7;4.7 Lorentz Force;103
11.8;4.8 Other Forces, and the Equilibrium Condition;104
11.9;4.9 The Stream Function;104
11.10;4.10 The Components of Stress;105
11.11;4.11 The Bernoulli Equation;107
11.12;4.12 Solutions of the Momentum Equation;108
11.13;4.13 Laminar Flow from a Point Source of Momentum with no Electric Current: the Steady Jet;109
11.14;4.14 The Fluid Pressure in the Jet;113
11.15;4.15 The Steady Jet with a Heat Source;113
11.16;4.16 Laminar Flow from a Point Source in a Semi-infinite Fluid (No Electric Current);115
11.17;4.17 Laminar Flow in a Semi-infinite Fluid having a Point Source of Current in the Plane . = p/2;117
11.18;4.18 Laminar Flow in a Semi-infinite Fluid: the Linear Solution;118
11.19;4.19 The Time-dependant Development of Flow due to a Point Source of Current in a Semi-infinite Region;121
11.20;4.20 Breakdown of the Solution to the Non-linear Problem;122
11.21;4.21 Other Limitations to Analytical Solutions of the Momentum Equation;123
11.22;4.22 Laminar Flow in a Liquid Drop Immersed in a Conducting Fluid Carrying an Electric Current;124
11.23;4.23 Distortion of the Liquid Drop;127
11.24;4.24 An Ellipsoid of Revolution in a Conducting Fluid: the Drag Coefficient;129
11.25;4.25 Laminar Flow in a Hemisphere having a Point Source of Current at the Origin;129
11.26;4.26 Flow in a Container Induced by a Distributed Current Source;130
11.27;4.27 Flow Induced by a Gradient of Surface Tension;134
12;CHAPTER 5. THE ELECTRIC ARC;141
12.1;5.1 Introduction;141
12.2;5.2 General Description of Glow and Arc Discharges;141
12.3;5.3 Principal Characteristics of the Electrode Regions of Arcs;142
12.4;5.4 Classification based on Degree of Contraction: Range of Observed Current Density;144
12.5;5.5 Glow and Arc Cathode, Glow and Arc Plasma, Glow and Arc Cathode and Anode Falls;144
12.6;5.6 Distinction between Thermionic and Non-thermionic Cathodes;145
12.7;5.7 The Low-voltage Non-thermionic Cathode;146
12.8;5.8 Theories of the Cathode Mechanism;153
12.9;5.9 The Arc Column;157
12.10;5.10 The Anode;161
13;CHAPTER 6. THE ELECTRIC ARC IN WELDING;167
13.1;6.1 Introduction;167
13.2;6.2 Structural Features;167
13.3;6.3 Cathode Phenomena;186
13.4;6.4 Anode Phenomena;193
13.5;6.5 The Arc Column;203
14;CHAPTER 7. METAL TRANSFER AND MASS FLOW IN THE WELD POOL;249
14.1;7.1 Metal Transfer;249
14.2;7.2 The Weld Pool;294
15;CHAPTER 8. HIGH POWER DENSITY WELDING;327
15.1;8.1 Introduction;327
15.2;8.2 Keyholing;328
15.3;8.3 Discussion on Forces Acting Within the Keyhole;330
15.4;8.4 Heat Transfer Analysis;334
15.5;8.5 Plasma Welding;335
15.6;8.6 Electron Beam Welding;339
15.7;8.7 Laser Welding;344
15.8;8.8 Glow Discharge Electron Beam Welding;346
16;APPENDIX A: ELECTRODE WIRE HEATING IN TERMS OF WELDING PARAMETERS;351
17;INDEX;358