Ammonium Nitrate Explosives for Civil Applications

Slurries, Emulsions and Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oils
1. Auflage 2012
ISBN: 978-3-527-33028-7
Verlag: Wiley VCH Verlag GmbH

Buch, Englisch, 214 Seiten, Format (B × H): 171 mm x 246 mm, Gewicht: 644 g

This work describes the science and technology of formulation and manufacturing of non-nitroglycerine explosives with ammonium nitrate
as the main ingredient. Based on the author's industry experience of more than thirty years, it provides an unparalleled treatment of one of
the commercially most important classes of explosives and therefore stimulates further research and development efforts in the field of
explosives for civil applications.
 
Explosives based on ammonium nitrate can be handled more easily than other explosives because they are more stable and less sensitive to
external stimuli such as pressure, shaking or inadvertent ignition. Consequently, they provide more safety for both the manufacturer and
the end user, making them the explosives of choice for civil applications such as mining, construction and pyrotechnics.
 
This book is an invaluable addition to the library of any Explosives and Mining Specialist, Pyrotechnician, Materials Scientist, Military
Authority, and Safety Officer.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Mahadevan, Erode G.

Fachgebiete

• Naturwissenschaften Chemie Physikalische Chemie Thermochemie, Chemische Thermodynamik
• Technische Wissenschaften Verfahrenstechnik | Chemieingenieurwesen | Biotechnologie Brennstoffe, Kraftstoffe, Explosivstoffe

Inhaltsverzeichnis

CLASSIFICATION OF EXPLOSIVES
Initiation Sensitivity
Size
Usage
Physical Form
EXPLOSIVE SCIENCE
Introduction
Initiation and Detonation
Propagation and Detonation
Reaction Chemistry
AMMONIUM NITRATE EXPLOSIVES
Introduction
Design of Commercial Explosives
Tests
AMMONIUM NITRATE
Background
Chemistry of Ammonium Nitrate
Manufacture of Ammonium Nitrate
AMMONIUM NITRATE / FUEL OIL EXPLOSIVES
Introduction
Manufacture
Properties of Ammonium Nitrate Prills for Ammonium Nitrate / Fuel Oil Explosives
Characteristics of Ammonium Nitrate / Fuel Oil Explosives
Safety Considerations
Quality Checks
SLURRIES AND WATER GELS
Development
Design
Manufacturing Technology
Quality Checks
Process and Health Hazards
Role of Guar GUm
Permissible Explosives
General Purpose Small Diameter Product
Sensitizers
EMULSION EXPLOSIVES
Introduction
Concept
Compositions
Structure and Rheology
Ingredients
Manufacture
Quality Checks
Explosive Properties
Permissible Emulsions
General Purpose Small Diameter Product
Bulk Emulsions
Packaged Large Diameter Emulsions
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Laboratory and Pilot Plant
SAFETY MANAGEMENT
Introduction
Safety in Ammonium Nitrate / Fuel Oil
Safety in Water Gels and Emulsions
Summary of Safety Measures
Electrostatic Hazards
Lightening Protection
Runaway Reactions
Explosion Hazards in Equipment
Waste Disposal

PREFACE
 
CLASSIFICATION OF EXPLOSIVES
Initiation Sensitivity
Size
Usage
Physical Form
 
EXPLOSIVE SCIENCE
Introduction
Initiation and Detonation
Propagation and Detonation
Reaction Chemistry in Explosives
 
AMMONIUM NITRATE EXPLOSIVES
Introduction
Tests
Assessment of Safety and Stability Characteristics
Summary
 
AMMONIUM NITRATE AND AN/FO
Introduction and History
Physical and Chemical Properties of Ammonium Nitrate
Manufacture of Ammonium Nitrate
Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil Explosives
 
SLURRIES AND WATER GELS
Development
Design
Process Technology
Quality Checks
Process Hazards (Dust Explosions/Fire Hazards/Health Hazards)
Role of GG
Permissible Explosives
General Purpose Small-Diameter Explosives (GPSD)
Sensitizers
 
EMULSION EXPLOSIVES
Introduction
Concept of Emulsion Explosives
General Composition of Emulsion Explosives
Structure and Rheology
Composition and Theory of Emulsion Explosives
Manufacture
Quality Checks
Explosive Properties of Emulsion Matrix/Explosives
Permissible Emulsions
General Purpose Small-Diameter (GPSD) Emulsion Explosives
Bulk Emulsions
Heavy AN/FO
Packaged Large-Diameter Emulsion Explosives
 
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Areas of Interest
Development Work and Upscaling
Management of R&D
 
FUNCTIONAL SAFETY DURING MANUFACTURE OF AN EXPLOSIVES
Introduction - Personal View Point on Safety
Safety Considerations in AN Explosives
Explosion Hazards in Equipment
Concluding Remarks
 
ECONOMICS OF AN-BASED EXPLOSIVES
In Manufacture
In Applications
Blast Design
Influence of Explosives in Underground Mining
 
CURRENT STATUS AND CONCLUDING REMARKS
 
APPENDIX A
 
APPENDIX B: GUIDELINES FOR INVESTIGATION OF AN ACCIDENT
Introduction
Detailed Inspection
Interviewing and Questioning
Collection of Samples
Examination of Witnesses
Examination of Dead/Injured
 
INDEX
 

Über Autor(innen)

Erode Mahadevan is currently a Technology Consultant based in India. Before that for more than thirty years he was engaged in the field of commercial explosives and accessories and specialty chemicals. He has worked with many multinational companies such as ICI (UK), BASF (Germany), Atlas Chemicals (USA), Dow Chemical (USA), Nitro Nobel (Sweden), Dyno Industries (Norway). For twenty years Erode Mahadevan
was Managing Director of IDL Industries Ltd., a leading producer of civil explosives based in India. He holds a Masters Degree in Physical Chemistry from the University of Mysore, Bangalore, and a PhD from the Technische Hochschule in Karlsruhe, Germany. Before starting his career in industry, Erode Mahadevan was a postdoctoral researcher at the Department of Chemistry at the Columbia University, New York. He
published several papers and holds some patents in the field of explosives and accessories.