Buch, Englisch, 344 Seiten, Format (B × H): 159 mm x 243 mm, Gewicht: 526 g
Buch, Englisch, 344 Seiten, Format (B × H): 159 mm x 243 mm, Gewicht: 526 g
ISBN: 978-0-7514-0456-2
Verlag: CRC Press
The study of the environment requires the reliable and accurate measurement of extremely small quantities of chemicals and the ability to determine if they are pollutants or naturally occurring species. Historically, a "dilute and disperse" method of waste disposal has been accepted; yet as we learn the long-term consequences of such an approach, it is clear that more rigorous waste management techniques are necessary to understand the sources and fates of contaminants and to regulate their discharge.This volume presents the details of the basic analytical science involved in making these measurements. It concentrates on the basic principles of sampling and sample preparation, followed by the chemical principles of the major instrumental methods used in chemical analysis, and detailed discussions of the major environmental matrices. This book also provides coverage of topics usually only partially discussed in textbooks, such as quality assurance plans and statistical data handling.Students majoring in environmental sciences need a foundation in measurement techniques used in the field. Environmental Chemical Analysis gives students a thorough grounding in this field and enough information to judge the quality and interpret the information produced in the analytical laboratory.
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INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL MEASUREMENTSRole of Measurement in Environmental StudiesPollutants: Sources and MeasurementsDesign of Environmental StudiesBasic Statistical Data HandlingSignificance TestsStandards and CalibrationPerformance of Analytical Methods: Figures of MeritENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLINGThe Sampling PlanTypes of SamplesSampling and AnalysisStatistical Aspects of SamplingWater SamplingBiological Tissue SamplingSoil SamplingSampling Stratified Levels in ContainersPreservation of SamplesSPECTROSCOPIC METHODSSpectroscopic Methods for Environmental AnalysisAbsorption SpectroscopyEmission SpectroscopySpectroscopic ApparatusUltraviolet and Visible Absorption SpectroscopyInfrared SpectroscopyAtomic Absorption SpectroscopyInductively Coupled Plasma Emission SpectroscopyX-ray FluorescenceHyphenated Spectroscopic MethodsCHROMATOGRAPHIC METHODSPrinciples of ChromatographyQuantitation in ChromatographyGas ChromatographyGC DetectorsHigh Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)HPLC InstrumentationHPLC DetectorsIon ChromatographySupercritical Fluid ChromatographyApplications of Chromatography in Environmental AnalysisMASS SPECTROMETRYInterpretation of SpectraBasic InstrumentationIon SourcesMass AnalyzersIon DetectorsGas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS)Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS)Inductively Coupled Plasma/Mass Spectrometry (ICP/MS)Data CollectionLibrary Searching TechniquesSAMPLE PREPARATION TECHNIQUESExtraction of Organic Analytes from Liquid SamplesExtraction of Organic Analytes from Solid SamplesPost-extraction ProceduresExtraction of Metals from Sample MatricesSpeciation of Metals in Environmental SamplesMETHODS FOR AIR ANALYSISKeeping the Air CleanDetermination of Gaseous SpeciesDetermination of Volatile Organic CompoundsOther Methods for Analysis of Volatiles and GasesDetermination of Pollutants in Particulate MaterialField Methods for Air AnalysisMethods for Stack MonitoringMETHODS FOR WATER ANALYSISSample Collection and PreservationPotentiometry for Ions and Gases in Aqueous SolutionMetals in Water SamplesInorganic Anions in WaterOrganic Compounds in WaterVolatile Organic Compounds in WaterSemi-volatile Organics in WaterField Methods for WaterMETHODS FOR ANALYSIS OF SOLID SAMPLESSamplingMeasurement of Soil pHAnalysis of Metals in Soil and SolidsAnalysis of Soil for Total NitrogenColorimetric Tests for Soil and Sludge AnalysisMeasurement of Total Organic Carbon in SoilVolatile Organics in Soils or SolidsTotal Petroleum Hydrocarbon in Soil and SludgeSemi-volatile Organics in Soil and SludgeLeaching Tests for WastesImmunoassay TestsField Methods for SolidsQUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITY CONTROLDetermination of Accuracy and PrecisionStatistical ControlPerformance Evaluation SamplesContamination ControlQuality Assurance for the Example DeterminationsAppendix 1: Percentiles of the t-DistributionAppendix 2: Critical Values of the f-Test at 5% Level of SignificanceIndex
