Making Computers Accessible

Disability Rights and Digital Technology
Erscheinungsjahr 2015
ISBN: 978-1-4214-1646-5
Verlag: Johns Hopkins University Press

Buch, Englisch, 208 Seiten, Format (B × H): 159 mm x 236 mm, Gewicht: 411 g

The revolution in accessible computer technology was fueled by disability activism, the interactive nature of personal computers, and changing public policy.

In 1974, not long after developing the first universal optical character recognition technology, Raymond Kurzweil struck up a conversation with a blind man on a flight. Kurzweil explained that he was searching for a use for his new software. The blind man expressed interest: One of the frustrating obstacles that blind people grappled with, he said, was that no computer program could translate text into speech. Inspired by this chance meeting, Kurzweil decided that he must put his new innovation to work to “overcome this principal handicap of blindness.” By 1976, he had built a working prototype, which he dubbed the Kurzweil Reading Machine.

This type of innovation demonstrated the possibilities of computers to dramatically improve the lives of people living with disabilities. In Making Computers Accessible, Elizabeth R. Petrick tells the compelling story of how computer engineers and corporations gradually became aware of the need to make computers accessible for all people. Motivated by user feedback and prompted by legislation such as the Americans with Disabilities Act, which offered the promise of equal rights via technological accommodation, companies developed sophisticated computerized devices and software to bridge the accessibility gap.

People with disabilities, Petrick argues, are paradigmatic computer users, demonstrating the personal computer’s potential to augment human abilities and provide for new forms of social, professional, and political participation. Bridging the history of technology, science and technology studies, and disability studies, this book traces the psychological, cultural, and economic evolution of a consumer culture aimed at individuals with disabilities, who increasingly rely on personal computers to make their lives richer and more interconnected.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Petrick, Elizabeth R

Fachgebiete

• Sozialwissenschaften Soziologie | Soziale Arbeit Soziale Gruppen/Soziale Themen Invalidität, Krankheit und Abhängigkeit: Soziale Aspekte
• Mathematik | Informatik EDV | Informatik EDV & Informatik Allgemein Soziale und ethische Aspekte der EDV
• Geisteswissenschaften Geschichtswissenschaft Geschichtliche Themen Wissenschafts- und Universitätsgeschichte
• Interdisziplinäres Wissenschaften Wissenschaften: Allgemeines Geschichte der Naturwissenschaften, Formalen Wissenschaften & Technik

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Acknowledgments
Introduction
1. Disability Rights and Technology before the Personal Computer
2. Early Personal Computer Accessibility, 1980–1987
3. Corporate Philanthropy and the National Special Education Alliance
4. The Growth of Disability Rights and Accessible Computer Technologies
5. Accessibility and Software Applications in the 1990s
Conclusion
Notes
A Note on Theory, Method, and Sources
Index

Über Autor(innen)

Petrick, Elizabeth R
Elizabeth R. Petrick is an assistant professor of history at the New Jersey Institute of Technology.