Rao / Bhattacharyya / Barai Systematic Approach of Characterisation and Behaviour of Recycled Aggregate Concrete

1. Auflage 2019
ISBN: 978-981-10-6686-3
Verlag: Springer Nature Singapore
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 349 Seiten

Reihe: Springer Transactions in Civil and Environmental Engineering

This book focuses on the utilisation of construction waste material as coarse aggregate in making concrete. It discusses in detail the behaviour of recycled aggregate under impact load along with other structural applications, and explains the various quality-improvement techniques for recycled aggregate and recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). The first chapter describes the importance of recycling construction and demolition waste and the status quo of global construction and demolition waste recycling. The second chapter examines the recycled aggregate production methodology. Subsequent chapters address the physical and mechanical characteristics and different research findings, as well as the engineering properties of recycled aggregate concrete. Further, the interrelationships among the mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete are discussed. The book also explores long-term properties like shrinkage and creep, durability properties, and  microstructural characterisation. It will serve as a valuable resource for researchers and professionals alike.

Chakradhara Rao M is an associate professor at the Civil Engineering Department at the Institute of Technology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (a Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India. He holds a Ph.D. degree from the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur (IIT Kharagpur), an M.Tech. (Structural Eng.) from the National Institute of Technology (NIT), Surathkal, Karnataka and a B.Tech. (Civil Eng.) from Nagarjuna University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh (A.P.). His research interests are sustainable construction materials and microstructure of concrete. He has published more than 20 papers in leading national/international journals and conferences.
Sriman K. Bhattacharyya is currently the Deputy Director of the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur (IIT Kharagpur). Formerly he was the Director of Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Building Research Institute at Roorkee. He is a senior professor and Ex-head of Civil Engineering at IIT Kharagpur. His research interests include fluid-structure interactions, structural health monitoring, sustainability of materials and fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP)-Concrete composite systems. He is a fellow of the Indian National Academy of Engineering, Institution of Engineers (India) and Institution of Structural Engineering. He has travelled to various countries in connection with his research.
Sudhirkumar V. Barai holds B.E. (Civil) and M.E. (Civil) degrees with specialisation in Structural Engineering from Maharaja Sayajirao (M.S.) University of Baroda and a PhD (Eng.) from the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. He is a professor of Structural Engineering at the Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India. His research interests include computational intelligence applications, structural health monitoring and concrete technology. He has published more than 200 papers in leading national/international journals and conferences. He is a fellow of the Association of Consulting Civil Engineers (India) and Institution of Engineers (India). He is also the co-author (with Shailendra Kumar) of the book Concrete Fracture Models and Applications, which has recently been published by Springer.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Rao, M. Chakradhara

Bhattacharyya, Sriman Kumar

Barai, Sudhirkumar V.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Foreword;8
2;Preface;10
3;Acknowledgements;13
4;Contents;15
5;About the Authors;19
6;Symbols and Abbreviations;21
7;List of Figures;25
8;List of Tables;35
9;1 Introduction;39
9.1;1.1 Introduction;39
9.2;1.2 Applications of Recycled Aggregates;43
9.3;1.3 Benefits of Recycled Aggregates;46
9.3.1;1.3.1 Economic Aspects;47
9.3.2;1.3.2 Reducing Environmental Impacts;48
9.3.3;1.3.3 Saving Resources;48
9.4;1.4 Constraints of Recycled Aggregate Concrete;49
9.4.1;1.4.1 Management Problems (Tam and Gao 2003);49
9.4.1.1;1.4.1.1 Lack of Suitable Regulations;49
9.4.1.2;1.4.1.2 Lack of Codes, Specifications, Standards and Guidelines;49
9.4.1.3;1.4.1.3 Lack of Experience;49
9.4.2;1.4.2 Technology Problems;49
9.4.2.1;1.4.2.1 Cement Mortar Attached to Aggregate;50
9.4.2.2;1.4.2.2 Poor Grading;50
9.4.2.3;1.4.2.3 High Porosity of Recycled Aggregates;50
9.4.2.4;1.4.2.4 Weak Interfacial Transition Zone;50
9.4.2.5;1.4.2.5 Transverse Cracks Generated;50
9.4.2.6;1.4.2.6 Variations in Quality;51
9.4.2.7;1.4.2.7 High Impurity;51
9.4.2.8;1.4.2.8 Low Quality;51
9.5;1.5 Classification of Recycled Aggregates;52
9.6;1.6 Current Global Scenario;52
9.6.1;1.6.1 Japan;52
9.6.2;1.6.2 Germany;56
9.6.3;1.6.3 United Kingdom;58
9.6.4;1.6.4 Hong Kong;61
9.6.5;1.6.5 Australia;63
9.6.6;1.6.6 China;63
9.6.7;1.6.7 Spain;66
9.6.8;1.6.8 RILEM Specifications;68
9.6.9;1.6.9 India;68
9.7;1.7 Summary;72
9.8;References;73
10;2 Demolition Techniques and Production of Recycled Aggregate;77
10.1;2.1 Introduction;77
10.2;2.2 Methods of Demolition;78
10.2.1;2.2.1 Non-engineering Demolition;79
10.2.2;2.2.2 Engineering Demolition Techniques;80
10.2.2.1;2.2.2.1 Mechanical Methods;80
10.2.2.2;2.2.2.2 Demolition by Implosion or Explosion;84
10.2.2.3;2.2.2.3 Deconstruction;84
10.2.3;2.2.3 Top-Down demolition;85
10.3;2.3 Production Technology of Recycled Aggregates;85
10.3.1;2.3.1 Mobile Plants;89
10.3.2;2.3.2 Stationary/Fixed Plants;92
10.4;2.4 Process of Recycling Technology;93
10.4.1;2.4.1 Jaw Crusher;93
10.4.2;2.4.2 Impact Crusher;93
10.4.3;2.4.3 Gyratory Crushers;94
10.4.4;2.4.4 Pre-crushing Separation;96
10.5;2.5 Summary;98
10.6;References;99
11;3 Properties of Recycled Aggregates;102
11.1;3.1 Introduction;102
11.2;3.2 Physical Properties of Recycled Aggregates;103
11.2.1;3.2.1 Grading, Shape and Surface Texture;103
11.2.2;3.2.2 Density and Specific Gravity;105
11.2.3;3.2.3 Water Absorption;108
11.2.4;3.2.4 Flakiness and Elongation Indices;112
11.3;3.3 Mechanical Properties of Recycled Aggregates;113
11.3.1;3.3.1 Aggregate Crushing Value;113
11.3.2;3.3.2 Los Angeles Abrasion Resistance Value;114
11.4;3.4 Summary;116
11.5;References;117
12;4 Properties of Recycled Aggregate Concrete;119
12.1;4.1 Introduction;119
12.2;4.2 Workability;119
12.2.1;4.2.1 Factors Influencing the Workability;119
12.2.1.1;4.2.1.1 Effect of Water Requirement on Workability;120
12.2.1.2;4.2.1.2 Influence of Moisture State of Recycled Aggregate;122
12.2.1.3;4.2.1.3 Influence of Strength of Parent Concrete;126
12.3;4.3 Mechanical Properties;129
12.3.1;4.3.1 Compressive Strength;129
12.3.1.1;4.3.1.1 Effect of Amount of Recycled Aggregate;130
12.3.1.2;4.3.1.2 Effect of Method of Curing;135
12.3.1.3;4.3.1.3 Effect of Strength of Parent Concrete;136
12.3.1.4;4.3.1.4 Effect of W/C Ratio;142
12.3.1.5;4.3.1.5 Effect of Moisture State of RA;143
12.3.2;4.3.2 Static Modulus of Elasticity;146
12.3.3;4.3.3 Split Tensile Strength;152
12.3.4;4.3.4 Flexural Strength;162
12.3.5;4.3.5 Density;166
12.3.6;4.3.6 Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV);170
12.4;4.4 Interrelationships Among Mechanical Properties;175
12.4.1;4.4.1 Relationship Between Compressive Strength and Split Tensile Strength;177
12.4.2;4.4.2 Compressive Strength and Flexural Strength or Modulus of Rupture Relationship;179
12.4.3;4.4.3 Compressive Strength and Static Modulus of Elasticity Relationship;181
12.4.4;4.4.4 Compressive Strength and Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) Relationship;183
12.4.5;4.4.5 Compressive Strength and Density Relationship;184
12.5;4.5 Summary;185
12.6;References;188
13;5 Long-Term and Durability Properties;194
13.1;5.1 Introduction;194
13.2;5.2 Shrinkage;195
13.2.1;5.2.1 Influence of Amount of Recycled Aggregate;195
13.2.2;5.2.2 Effect of Quality of Recycled Aggregate;197
13.2.3;5.2.3 Effect of Mineral Admixtures;201
13.2.4;5.2.4 Effect of Source Concrete, Crushing Method, and Age of Crushing;203
13.2.5;5.2.5 Effect of Method of Curing;205
13.2.6;5.2.6 Effect of Method of Mixing;206
13.3;5.3 Creep;208
13.3.1;5.3.1 Effect of Water to Cement (w/c) Ratio;209
13.3.2;5.3.2 Effect of Mineral Admixtures;210
13.3.3;5.3.3 Effect of Method of Curing and Period of Curing;212
13.3.4;5.3.4 Estimation of Creep of RAC;213
13.4;5.4 Durability Performance of RAC;214
13.4.1;5.4.1 Permeability;214
13.4.2;5.4.2 Chloride Penetration;222
13.4.3;5.4.3 Carbonation Depth;231
13.5;5.5 Summary;236
13.6;References;239
14;6 Microstructure of Recycled Aggregate Concrete;243
14.1;6.1 Introduction;243
14.2;6.2 Sample Preparation for Microscopic Study;245
14.3;6.3 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM);246
14.4;6.4 Image Acquisition;246
14.5;6.5 Image Analysis;247
14.6;6.6 Vickers Microhardness (HV);248
14.7;6.7 Characteristics of Interfacial Transition Zone (ITZ);248
14.7.1;6.7.1 Hydration Compounds, Anhydrous Cement, and Porosity;254
14.7.2;6.7.2 Distribution of Hydration Compounds, Anhydrous Cement, and Porosity Across the Width of ITZ;257
14.7.3;6.7.3 Effect of Aggregate;265
14.8;6.8 Compressive Strength–Porosity Relationship;266
14.9;6.9 Microhardness of ITZ;268
14.10;6.10 Compressive Strength–ITZ Microhardness Relationship;271
14.11;6.11 Influence of Binder on ITZ;272
14.12;6.12 Influence of the Water–Binder Ratio, Quality and Quantity of Adhesion Mortar;274
14.13;6.13 Influence of Strength of Source Concrete;278
14.14;6.14 Influence of Treatment of RCA on ITZ;279
14.15;6.15 Summary;279
14.16;References;280
15;7 Structural Behavior of RAC;282
15.1;7.1 Introduction;282
15.2;7.2 Impact Behavior;283
15.2.1;7.2.1 Instrumented Drop Hammer Impact Test Setup and Devices;285
15.2.2;7.2.2 Impact Test Results;287
15.2.2.1;7.2.2.1 Accelerations;287
15.2.2.2;7.2.2.2 Displacement;293
15.2.2.3;7.2.2.3 Strains;294
15.2.2.4;7.2.2.4 Support Reactions;297
15.2.2.5;7.2.2.5 Failure Pattern;299
15.3;7.3 Flexural Behavior of RAC;300
15.4;7.4 Shear Behavior of RAC;304
15.5;7.5 Other Structural Aspects;306
15.6;7.6 Summary;307
15.7;References;307
16;8 Quality Improvement Techniques;309
16.1;8.1 Introduction;309
16.2;8.2 Quality Improvement Techniques for Recycled Aggregate;309
16.2.1;8.2.1 Mechanical Treatment;310
16.2.2;8.2.2 Thermal Treatment;312
16.2.3;8.2.3 Chemical Treatment (Tam et al. 2007a, b);314
16.2.4;8.2.4 Three-Step Method (Gao et al. 2013);322
16.3;8.3 Impregnation Techniques;323
16.3.1;8.3.1 Silica Fume Impregnation;323
16.3.2;8.3.2 Ultrasonic Cleaning;324
16.3.3;8.3.3 Polymer Emulsion Impregnation;329
16.3.4;8.3.4 Surface Treatment with Nanomaterials;331
16.4;8.4 New Mixing Techniques;334
16.4.1;8.4.1 Two-Stage Mixing Approach;334
16.4.2;8.4.2 Diversifying Two-Stage Mixing Approach;338
16.4.3;8.4.3 Self-healing;340
16.5;8.5 Summary;340
16.6;References;342
17;Appendix A: Additional Results of Microstructure of Concrete;344
18;A.1 Introduction;344