Basic Geophysics

Erscheinungsjahr 2017
ISBN: 978-1-56080-345-4
Verlag: Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG)

Buch, Englisch, 376 Seiten, Paperback, Format (B × H): 152 mm x 229 mm, Gewicht: 503 g

Reihe: Geophysical Monographs

For a thorough comprehension of the field of geophysics, we need to understand its origins. Basic Geophysics by Enders Robinson and Dean Clark takes us on a journey that demonstrates how the achievements of our predecessors have paved the way for our modern science. From the ancient Greeks through the Enlightenment to the greats of the contemporary age, the reasoning behind basic principles is explored and clarified. With that foundation, several advanced topics are examined, including: the 3D wave equation; ray tracing and seismic modeling; reflection, refraction, and diffraction; and WKBJ migration. The successful integration of the historical narrative alongside practical analysis of relevant principles makes this book an excellent resource for both novices and professionals, and all readers will gain insight and appreciation for the seismic theory that underlies modern exploration seismology.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Robinson, Enders A.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

- Preface
- Foreword
- About the Authors
- Chapter 1: Classical Geophysics
- Pythagoras and Archimedes
- Heron and Snell
- Descartes as a geophysicist
- Fermat and the principle of least time
- Huygens’ principle
- Isaac Newton and the birth of geophysics
- Chapter 2: Wave Equation
- Seismic ray direction
- The eikonal equation and Pythagoras
- Michael Faraday and the eikonal equation
- Pressure and particle velocity
- Chapter 3: Elasticity
- The wave equation
- A wave at a boundary
- Stress and strain
- Hooke’s law
- Cartesian fields of dilatation
- Cartesian fields of rotation
- Equations of motion
- Chapter 4: Rays, Anisotropy, and Maxwell’s Equations
- Ray equation
- Discovery of anisotropy
- Maxwell’s equations
- Chapter 5: Three-dimensional Wave Equation
- Wave equation
- One-dimensional wave equation
- Sinusoidal waves
- Plane waves
- Spherical waves
- Green’s function
- Dispersion equation
- Group velocity
- Chapter 6: Ray Tracing and Seismic Modeling
- Hamilton’s equations
- Ray tracing
- Eikonal equation
- Ray equations
- Reduction of Hamilton’s equations to the ray equations
- Numerical ray tracing
- Chapter 7: Reflection, Refraction, and Diffraction
- Explanation of terms
- Huygens’ principle
- Reflection and refraction
- Fermat’s principle
- Resolution and the Fresnel zone
- Diffraction
- Diffraction curves
- Diffractions appearing on seismic sections
- Chapter 8: Migration by the WKBJ Method
- Geometrical optics and physical optics
- Exploding reflectors model
- Migration
- Wave depropagation simplified
- Time migration
- WKBJ migration
- References
- Basic Geophysics