Sanyang / Jawaid Bio-based Polymers and Nanocomposites

Preparation, Processing, Properties & Performance
1. Auflage 2019
ISBN: 978-3-030-05825-8
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 279 Seiten

This book highlights the various types of polymer and nanocomposites that can be derived from biorenewable resources. It covers various aspects of biobased polymers and nanocomposites, including preparation, processing, properties, and performance, and the latest advances in these materials. It also includes recent findings from leading researchers in academia and industry, government, and private research laboratories around the globe, providing the latest information on biobased polymers and nanocomposites. Offering an overview of the entire production process, it guides readers through all stages, from the raw source materials, processing and property characterization to application performance. This book is suitable for professionals and researchers seeking in-depth practical information as well as the fundamental science behind this. It also serves as a point of reference for undergraduate and graduate students, as well as postdoctoral researchers working in the area of polymer and composites with a special emphasis on biobased materials.


Dr. Mohammad Jawaid is currently working as Fellow Researcher (Associate Professor) at Biocomposite Technology Laboratory, INTROP, Universiti Putra Malaysia(UPM), Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia, and also Visiting Professor at the Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia since June 2013. I am also Adjunct Research Advisor, Nan Yang Academy of Sciences (NAS), Singapore and Visiting Scientist to TEMAG Laboratory, Faculty of Textile Technologies and Design at Istanbul Technical University, Turkey. I have more than 14 years of experience in teaching, research and industries. My area of research interests includes hybrid reinforced/?lled polymer composites, advance materials: graphene/nanoclay/?re-retardant, lignocellulosic reinforced/?lled polymer composites, modi?cation and treatment of lignocellulosic ?bres and solid wood, Biopolymers and biopolymers for packaging applications, nanocomposites and nanocellulose ?bres, polymer blends.
Muhammed Lamin Sanyang is currently a post-doctoral fellow in the Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology at the Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia. In 2011, he was awarded the Islamic Development Bank (IDB) masters scholarship to pursue his Master's Degree (MSc) in Environmental Engineering at Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM). Upon completing his MSc programme in 2013, he was again awarded the Commonwealth Scholarship and Fellowship Plan (CSFP) by the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia to undertake a PhD degree in the field of Green Engineering at the Institute of Advance Technology (ITMA), UPM.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Sanyang, Muhammed Lamin

Jawaid, Mohammad

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;6
2;Contents;8
3;About the Editors;10
4;1 Renewable Resource-Based Polymers;12
4.1;Abstract;12
4.2;1 Introduction;12
4.3;2 Renewable Polymers Classifications;14
4.4;3 Some Polymers from Renewable Sources;14
4.4.1;3.1 Cellulose;15
4.4.2;3.2 Starch;17
4.4.3;3.3 Lignin;18
4.4.4;3.4 Chitin and Chitosan;20
4.4.5;3.5 Proteins;21
4.4.6;3.6 Polylactic Acid (PLA);22
4.4.7;3.7 Vegetable Oil-Derived Polymer;24
4.4.8;3.8 Terpenes;26
4.4.9;3.9 Furans;27
4.4.10;3.10 Polyhydroxyalkanoates;28
4.4.11;3.11 Polycarbonates;29
4.4.12;3.12 Biopolyethylene (PE) and Biopolyethylene Terephthalate (PET);30
4.5;4 Conclusions and Future Perspectives;31
4.6;References;31
5;2 Fillers and Reinforcements for Advanced Nanocomposites;40
5.1;Abstract;40
5.2;1 Introduction;41
5.3;2 Preparation, Processing, Properties, and Application Performance of Nanocomposites;42
5.3.1;2.1 Graphene Reinforced Bio-nanocomposites;42
5.3.2;2.2 Carbon Nanotubes-Reinforced Bio-nanocomposites;45
5.3.3;2.3 Layered Silicate Reinforced Bio-nanocomposites;47
5.3.4;2.4 Sepiolite Reinforced Bio-nanocomposites;51
5.3.5;2.5 Halloysite-Reinforced Bio-nanocomposites;53
5.4;3 Conclusions;55
5.5;References;55
6;3 Cellulose Nanocrystals-Based Nanocomposites;60
6.1;Abstract;60
6.2;1 Introduction;61
6.3;2 Cellulose Nanocrystals: An Overview;62
6.3.1;2.1 Isolation Methods;63
6.4;3 Properties of CNC;64
6.4.1;3.1 Morphological, Crystalline, Thermal and Mechanical Properties of CNC;65
6.5;4 Processing of CNC-Based Nanocomposites;67
6.6;5 Possible Emerging Applications;70
6.6.1;5.1 Water Remediation;70
6.6.2;5.2 Scaffolds for Biomedical Applications;71
6.7;6 Conclusion and Future Work;72
6.8;References;72
7;4 Nanofibrillated Cellulose-Based Nanocomposites;77
7.1;Abstract;77
7.2;1 Introduction;77
7.3;2 Opportunities and Challenge;78
7.4;3 Nanofibrillated Cellulose;80
7.4.1;3.1 Structure of Nanofibrillated Cellulose (NFC);80
7.4.2;3.2 Preparation of Nanofibrillated Cellulose;81
7.4.2.1;3.2.1 Chemical Pretreatment Processes;81
7.4.2.1.1;Alkaline Pretreatment Process;81
7.4.2.1.2;Bleaching Treatment;81
7.4.2.1.3;Acid Pretreatment Process;82
7.4.2.1.4;Enzyme Pretreatment Process;82
7.4.2.2;3.2.2 Mechanical Treatment Process;83
7.4.2.2.1;High-Pressure Homogenization;83
7.4.2.2.2;Microfluidization;83
7.4.2.2.3;High-Intensity Sonication;83
7.4.2.2.4;Grinding;83
7.4.2.2.5;Crycrushing;84
7.4.3;3.3 Modification of Nanofibrillated Cellulose;84
7.4.3.1;3.3.1 Grafting;84
7.4.3.2;3.3.2 Acetylation;84
7.4.3.3;3.3.3 Silylation;85
7.4.3.4;3.3.4 Surface-Active Agent/Surfactant;85
7.5;4 Nanofibrillated Cellulose-Based Nanocomposites;85
7.5.1;4.1 Preparation of Nanofibrillated Cellulose Base Nanocomposites;86
7.5.1.1;4.1.1 Electrospinning;87
7.5.1.2;4.1.2 Casting Evaporation;87
7.5.1.3;4.1.3 Melt Compounding;87
7.5.2;4.2 Nanocomposite Properties;88
7.6;5 Nanocomposite Applications;90
7.7;6 Conclusion;92
7.8;References;92
8;5 Bacterial Cellulose Nanocomposites;97
8.1;Abstract;97
8.2;1 Introduction;98
8.3;2 Bacterial Cellulose (BC);99
8.3.1;2.1 Synthesis of Bacterial Cellulose;99
8.3.2;2.2 Application of Bacterial Cellulose;102
8.4;3 Modification of Bacterial Cellulose for the Production of Bacterial Cellulose Nanocomposites;103
8.4.1;3.1 Ex Situ Modification of Bacterial Cellulose;103
8.4.2;3.2 In Situ Modification of Bacterial Cellulose;104
8.4.3;3.3 Characterization of Bacterial Cellulose Nanocomposites;104
8.5;4 Application of Bacterial Cellulose Nanocomposites in Different Fields;108
8.5.1;4.1 Application in Biomedical Field;108
8.5.2;4.2 Application in Electronic Device;109
8.5.3;4.3 Application in Wastewater Treatment;109
8.6;5 Conclusion;110
8.7;References;111
9;6 Properties of Nano-composites Based on Different Clays and Polyamide 6/Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Blends;116
9.1;Abstract;116
9.2;1 Introduction;117
9.3;2 Clay Minerals: Structure, Modifications, and Properties;117
9.3.1;2.1 Clay Structure;117
9.3.2;2.2 Problematic;119
9.3.3;2.3 MMT Modifications;119
9.3.4;2.4 MMT Properties;120
9.3.4.1;2.4.1 Structural Properties;120
9.3.4.2;2.4.2 Morphological Properties;122
9.3.4.3;2.4.3 Thermal Properties;123
9.4;3 Organo-Modified Clay Nano-composite Preparation;124
9.4.1;3.1 Problematic;124
9.4.2;3.2 Nano-composites Preparation;124
9.5;4 Nano-composites Properties;126
9.5.1;4.1 Morphological Properties;126
9.5.2;4.2 Thermal Properties;128
9.5.3;4.3 Mechanical Properties;129
9.5.4;4.4 Rheological Properties;130
9.6;5 Conclusion;133
9.7;References;134
10;7 Nanotube/Biopolymer Nanocomposites;138
10.1;Abstract;138
10.2;1 Introduction;139
10.3;2 Carbon Nanotubes/Biopolymer Nanocomposites;140
10.3.1;2.1 Carbon Nanotubes;140
10.3.2;2.2 Carbon Nanotubes/Thermoplastic Nanocomposites;143
10.3.3;2.3 Carbon Nanotubes/Thermosetting Nanocomposites;146
10.3.4;2.4 Carbon Nanotubes/Natural Rubber Nanocomposite;149
10.4;3 Halloysite Nanotubes/Biopolymer Nanocomposites;152
10.4.1;3.1 Halloysite Nanotubes;152
10.4.2;3.2 Halloysite Nanotubes/Thermoplastic Nanocomposite;153
10.4.3;3.3 Halloysite Nanotubes/Thermoset Nanocomposites;155
10.4.4;3.4 Halloysite Nanotubes/Natural Rubber Nanocomposites;156
10.5;4 Conclusions;157
10.6;References;158
11;8 Starch-Based Nanocomposites: Types and Industrial Applications;166
11.1;Abstract;166
11.2;1 Introduction;166
11.2.1;1.1 Biodegradable Packaging Materials;168
11.3;2 Biodegradable Starch-Based Nanocomposites;169
11.3.1;2.1 Starch–Clay Nanocomposites;169
11.3.2;2.2 Starch–Polylactic Acid (PLA) Composites;172
11.3.3;2.3 Cellulose Fibre;173
11.3.4;2.4 Starch-Polyhydroxy Alkaloid (PHA) Composites;174
11.3.5;2.5 Starch–Polycaprolactone (PCL) Composites;175
11.3.6;2.6 Starch-Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Composites;176
11.3.7;2.7 Starch–Gelatin Nanocomposites;177
11.3.8;2.8 Chitosan-Based Films;177
11.3.9;2.9 Starch–Propolis-Based Composites;182
11.4;Acknowledgements;183
11.5;References;183
12;9 Recent Developments in Chitosan-Based Nanocomposites;191
12.1;Abstract;191
12.2;1 Introduction;191
12.3;2 Chemistry and Properties;192
12.4;3 Extraction of Chitosan;194
12.4.1;3.1 Demineralization;194
12.4.2;3.2 Deproteinization;194
12.4.3;3.3 Deacetylation;195
12.5;4 Preparation of Chitosan-Based Nanocomposites;196
12.6;5 Applications;196
12.6.1;5.1 Biomedical Applications;196
12.6.1.1;5.1.1 Bone Tissue Engineering;197
12.6.1.2;5.1.2 Cartilage;202
12.6.1.3;5.1.3 Nerve, Liver Tissue Engineering;204
12.6.2;5.2 Chitosan in Drug Delivery Applications;204
12.6.3;5.3 Chitosan-Based Wound Dressings;205
12.6.4;5.4 Antimicrobial Packaging Materials;206
12.6.4.1;5.4.1 Chitosan-Based Edible Films and Coatings;206
12.6.5;5.5 Chitosan-Based Membrane Technology;207
12.6.5.1;5.5.1 Dye Removal from Wastewater;212
12.6.5.2;5.5.2 Membrane Technology for the Removal of Heavy Metals and Other Pollutants;213
12.7;6 Conclusions;214
12.8;7 Future Perspectives;215
12.9;References;215
13;10 Structural Properties of Protein and Their Role in Polymer Nanocomposites;224
13.1;Abstract;224
13.2;1 Introduction;224
13.3;2 Structural Properties of Proteins;225
13.4;3 Source and Isolation of Protein;228
13.4.1;3.1 Silk;229
13.4.2;3.2 Soy Protein Isolate;229
13.4.3;3.3 Elastin;229
13.5;4 Protein-Based Composite Materials;230
13.5.1;4.1 Processing and Performance of Protein-Based Composite Materials;231
13.5.1.1;4.1.1 Processing;231
13.5.1.2;4.1.2 Challenges;231
13.6;5 Applications of Protein-Based Composite Materials;232
13.6.1;5.1 Polypeptide Hydrogels;232
13.6.2;5.2 Protein-Based Materials for Tissue Engineering Applications;233
13.6.3;5.3 Protein as a Reinforcing Phase with Polymers;234
13.7;6 Conclusion and Future Perspective;235
13.8;Acknowledgements;235
13.9;References;235
14;11 Polylactic Acid (PLA)-Based Nanocomposites: Processing and Properties;240
14.1;Abstract;240
14.2;1 Introduction;240
14.3;2 Overview of PLA;241
14.4;3 Processing of PLA;243
14.5;4 PLA-Based Nanocomposites;244
14.5.1;4.1 Layered Ceramic/PLA Nanocomposite;245
14.5.2;4.2 Layered Double Hydroxide/PLA Nanocomposites;247
14.5.3;4.3 Glass/PLA Nanocomposites;247
14.5.4;4.4 Silica/PLA Nanocomposites;248
14.5.5;4.5 Titanium Dioxide/PLA Nanocomposites;249
14.5.6;4.6 Zinc Oxide/PLA Nanocomposites;250
14.5.7;4.7 Alumina/PLA Nanocomposites;250
14.5.8;4.8 Fe3O4/PLA Nanocomposites;250
14.5.9;4.9 Calcium Carbonate/PLA Nanocomposites;251
14.6;5 Other Nanocomposites;252
14.6.1;5.1 Carbon/PLA Nanocomposites;252
14.6.2;5.2 Cellulose/PLA Nanocomposites;254
14.6.3;5.3 Lignin/PLA Nanocomposites;254
14.6.4;5.4 POSS/PLA Nanocomposites;255
14.7;6 Conclusions and Future Perspectives;255
14.8;References;256
15;12 Biopolymers-Based Nanocomposites: Properties and Applications;262
15.1;Abstract;262
15.2;1 Introduction;263
15.3;2 Biopolymers or Green Polymers;264
15.4;3 Classification, Source, Properties, and Blends of Biopolymers;265
15.5;4 Sustainable and Bio-Based Packaging;265
15.6;5 Versatile Applications of Biopolymers;267
15.7;6 Biopolymers for Nanocomposite;268
15.8;7 Processing Techniques of Biopolymers-Based Nanocomposites;270
15.9;8 Modifications of Biopolymers-Based Nanocomposites;271
15.10;9 Properties of Biopolymers-Based Nanocomposite;273
15.11;10 Applications of Biopolymers-Based Nanocomposites in Energy, Environmental, Biomedical, and Food Packaging;274
15.12;11 Challenges and Opportunities of Biopolymers-Based Nanocomposites in Food Packaging;276
15.13;12 Concluding Remarks;277
15.14;References;277