Seifi Personalizing Haptics

From Individuals' Sense-Making Schemas to End-User Haptic Tools
1. Auflage 2019
ISBN: 978-3-030-11379-7
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 200 Seiten

Reihe: Springer Series on Touch and Haptic Systems

This monograph presents a vision for haptic personalization tools and lays the foundations for achieving it. Effective haptic personalization requires a suite of tools unified by one underlying conceptual model that can easily be incorporated into users' workflows with various applications. Toward this vision, the book introduces three mechanisms for haptic personalization and details development of two of them into: 1) an efficient interface for choosing from a large haptic library, and 2) three emotion controls for adjusting haptic signals. A series of quantitative experiments identifies five schemas (engineering, sensation, emotion, metaphor, and usage examples) for how end-users think and talk about haptic sensations and characterizes them as the underlying model for the personalization tools. Personalizing Haptics highlights the need for scalable haptic evaluation methodologies and presents two methodologies for large-scale in-lab evaluation and online crowdsourcing of haptics. While the work focuses on vibrotactile signals as the most mature and accessible type of haptic feedback for end-users, the concepts and findings extend to other categories of haptics. Taking haptics to the crowds will require haptic design practices to go beyond the current one-size-fits-all approach to satisfy users' diverse perceptual, functional, and hedonic needs reported in the literature. This book provides a starting point for students, researchers, and practitioners in academia or industry who aim to adapt their haptic and multisensory designs to the needs and preferences of a wide audience.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Seifi, Hasti

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Series Editors’ Foreword;7
2;Preface;8
3;Acknowledgements;9
4;Contents;11
5;1 Introduction;17
5.1;1.1 Motivation;17
5.1.1;1.1.1 Leveraging Haptic Utility;17
5.1.2;1.1.2 Informing Haptic Design and Evaluation;18
5.2;1.2 Situating Our Work;19
5.2.1;1.2.1 Supporting Personalization;20
5.2.2;1.2.2 Understanding Common Patterns and Individual Differences;21
5.2.3;1.2.3 Evaluating at Scale;23
5.3;1.3 Outline of the Chapters;23
5.3.1;1.3.1 Chapter 2—Linking Emotion Attributes to Engineering Parameters and Individual Differences;24
5.3.2;1.3.2 Chapter 3—Characterizing Personalization Mechanisms;24
5.3.3;1.3.3 Chapter 4—Choosing from a Large Library Using Facets;25
5.3.4;1.3.4 Chapter 5—Deriving Semantics and Interlinkages of Facets;26
5.3.5;1.3.5 Chapter 6—Crowdsourcing Haptic Data Collection;27
5.3.6;1.3.6 Chapter 7—Tuning Vibrations with Emotion Controls;28
5.4;1.4 Contributions;28
5.4.1;1.4.1 Effective Mechanisms for Haptic Personalization;29
5.4.2;1.4.2 Haptic Facets Encapsulating Common Patterns and Variations in Affect;30
5.4.3;1.4.3 Methodology for Evaluating Haptic Sensations at a Large Scale;30
5.4.4;1.4.4 Tools and Datasets;31
5.5;References;31
6;2 Linking Emotion Attributes to Engineering Parameters and Individual Differences;36
6.1;2.1 Introduction;36
6.2;2.2 Related Work;38
6.2.1;2.2.1 Affective Evaluation;38
6.2.2;2.2.2 Vibrotactile Stimuli;39
6.2.3;2.2.3 Tactile Tasks;39
6.2.4;2.2.4 Individual Differences in Tactile Task Performance;39
6.3;2.3 Design of Setup and Assessment Tools;40
6.3.1;2.3.1 Apparatus;40
6.3.2;2.3.2 Stimuli Design;40
6.3.3;2.3.3 Tactile Task Design;42
6.3.4;2.3.4 Affective Rating Scales Design;43
6.4;2.4 Study;44
6.4.1;2.4.1 Procedure;44
6.4.2;2.4.2 Results and Analysis;45
6.5;2.5 Discussion;47
6.5.1;2.5.1 Dimensionality and Utility of Affective Response;47
6.5.2;2.5.2 Vibration Parameters;48
6.5.3;2.5.3 Demographic, NFT Score and Tactile Performance;49
6.6;2.6 Conclusion;50
6.7;References;51
7;3 Characterizing Personalization Mechanisms;53
7.1;3.1 Introduction;53
7.2;3.2 Related Work;55
7.2.1;3.2.1 Haptic Design;55
7.2.2;3.2.2 Haptic Design Tools;56
7.2.3;3.2.3 Challenges and Potentials of End-User Personalization;56
7.3;3.3 Conceptualization of Haptic Personalization Tools;57
7.3.1;3.3.1 Three Personalization Tools;57
7.3.2;3.3.2 Proposed Tool-Characterization Parameter Space;59
7.4;3.4 Methods;60
7.5;3.5 Results;63
7.5.1;3.5.1 Comparison of the Tools;63
7.5.2;3.5.2 Interest in Personalization;64
7.5.3;3.5.3 Vibrations Designed by Participants;64
7.6;3.6 Discussion;65
7.6.1;3.6.1 Desirable Characteristics (Q1);65
7.6.2;3.6.2 Value and Outcomes (Q2, Q3);66
7.6.3;3.6.3 Wizard-of-Oz Approach;66
7.7;3.7 Conclusion;67
7.8;References;68
8;4 Choosing From a Large Library Using Facets;70
8.1;4.1 Introduction;70
8.2;4.2 Related Work;72
8.2.1;4.2.1 Vibrotactile Libraries;72
8.2.2;4.2.2 Vibrotactile Facets;72
8.2.3;4.2.3 Inspiration From Visualization and Media Collections;73
8.3;4.3 Library and Facet Construction;73
8.3.1;4.3.1 Library Population;73
8.3.2;4.3.2 Visualizing and Managing Diversity During Growth;74
8.4;4.4 VibViz: An Interactive Library Navigation Tool;75
8.4.1;4.4.1 Requirements;75
8.4.2;4.4.2 VibViz Interface;76
8.4.3;4.4.3 Dataset;77
8.5;4.5 User Study;77
8.6;4.6 Results;79
8.6.1;4.6.1 (Q1) Does VibViz Satisfy Our Design Requirements?;79
8.6.2;4.6.2 (Q2) How Useful and Interesting Is Each Vibration Facet?;80
8.7;4.7 Discussion;81
8.7.1;4.7.1 Interface Requirements;81
8.7.2;4.7.2 Vibrotactile Facets;82
8.8;4.8 Conclusions and Future Work;82
8.9;References;83
9;5 Deriving Semantics and Interlinkages of Facets;84
9.1;5.1 Introduction;84
9.1.1;5.1.1 Facets: Aligning Content Access with Mental Frameworks;86
9.1.2;5.1.2 Research Questions;89
9.1.3;5.1.3 Scope;90
9.2;5.2 Related Work;91
9.2.1;5.2.1 Tools for Vibrotactile Design and Personalization;91
9.2.2;5.2.2 Knowledge of Perceptual and Qualitative Attributes of Vibrations;92
9.2.3;5.2.3 Methodology for Evaluating Qualitative Attributes of Vibrations;92
9.2.4;5.2.4 Instruments for Evaluating Haptic Sensations;93
9.3;5.3 Approach;93
9.3.1;5.3.1 Rich Source Vibrations;94
9.3.2;5.3.2 Inclusive and Concise Annotation Instrument, for a Flat Descriptor Set;94
9.3.3;5.3.3 Scalable and Robust Data Collection Methodology;94
9.3.4;5.3.4 Data Analysis Methods;95
9.4;5.4 Data Collection and Pre-processing;96
9.4.1;5.4.1 Stage 1: Annotation by Haptics Experts;96
9.4.2;5.4.2 Stage 2: Validation of the Dataset by Lay Users;98
9.4.3;5.4.3 Pre-processing of the Dataset;100
9.4.4;5.4.4 Definition of Analysis Metrics;100
9.5;5.5 Analysis and Results;100
9.5.1;5.5.1 [Q1] Facet Substructure: What Are the Underlying Facet Dimensions That Dominate User Reactions to Vibrations?;100
9.5.2;5.5.2 [Q2] Between-Facet Linkages: How Are Attributes and Dimensions Linked Across Facets?;107
9.5.3;5.5.3 [Q3] Individual Differences: To What Extent Do People Coincide or Differ in Their Assessment of Vibration Attributes?;109
9.5.4;5.5.4 Methodology: How Does Staged Data Collection Impact Annotation Quality?;111
9.6;5.6 Discussion;112
9.6.1;5.6.1 Within-Facet Perceptual Continuity: Scenarios;113
9.6.2;5.6.2 Facet Dimensions and Linkages;114
9.6.3;5.6.3 Individuals' Annotation Reliability and Variation;116
9.6.4;5.6.4 Review of Our Methodology;116
9.7;5.7 Conclusion;118
9.8;References;119
10;6 Crowdsourcing Haptic Data Collection;123
10.1;6.1 Introduction;123
10.2;6.2 Related Work;125
10.2.1;6.2.1 Existing Evaluation Methods for Vibrotactile Effects;125
10.2.2;6.2.2 Affective Haptics;126
10.2.3;6.2.3 Mechanical Turk (MTurk);126
10.3;6.3 Sourcing Reference Vibrations and Qualities;127
10.3.1;6.3.1 High-Fidelity Reference Library;128
10.3.2;6.3.2 Affective Properties and Rating Scales;128
10.4;6.4 Proxy Choice and Design;129
10.4.1;6.4.1 Visualization Design ( and );130
10.4.2;6.4.2 Low Fidelity Vibration Design;131
10.5;6.5 Study 1: In-Lab Proxy Vibration Validation (G1);132
10.5.1;6.5.1 Comparison Metric: Equivalence Threshold;133
10.5.2;6.5.2 Proxy Validation (Study 1) Results and Discussion;133
10.6;6.6 Study 2: Deployment Validation with MTurk (G2);137
10.6.1;6.6.1 Results;137
10.7;6.7 Discussion;138
10.7.1;6.7.1 Proxy Modalities Are Viable for Crowdsourcing (G1, G2: Feasibility);138
10.7.2;6.7.2 Triangulation (G3: Promising Directions/Proxies);139
10.7.3;6.7.3 Animate Visualizations (G3: Promising Directions);139
10.7.4;6.7.4 Sound Could Represent Energy (G3: Promising Directions);139
10.7.5;6.7.5 Device Dependency and Need for Energy Model for Vibrations (G4: Challenges);140
10.7.6;6.7.6 Vibrotactile Affective Ratings Are Generally Noisy (G4: Challenges);140
10.7.7;6.7.7 Response and Data Quality for MTurk LofiVib Vibrations (G4: Challenges);141
10.7.8;6.7.8 Automatic Translation (G4: Challenges);141
10.7.9;6.7.9 Limitations;141
10.8;6.8 Conclusion;142
10.9;References;142
11;7 Tuning Vibrations with Emotion Controls;146
11.1;7.1 Introduction;146
11.1.1;7.1.1 Research Questions, Approach and Contributions;148
11.2;7.2 Related Work;150
11.2.1;7.2.1 Haptic Design, and Inspirations from Other Domains;150
11.2.2;7.2.2 Affective Vibration Design;151
11.3;7.3 Starting Points: Use Cases, Initial Vibrations and Linkages;152
11.3.1;7.3.1 Design and Personalization Use Cases;152
11.3.2;7.3.2 Choosing Basis Vibrations;153
11.3.3;7.3.3 Identifying Influential Engineering Parameters;154
11.4;7.4 User Studies;155
11.4.1;7.4.1 Overview of the User Studies;155
11.4.2;7.4.2 Methods;155
11.4.3;7.4.3 Analysis;158
11.5;7.5 Results;159
11.5.1;7.5.1 Verbal Descriptions for Emotion Attributes;159
11.5.2;7.5.2 Ratings;159
11.5.3;7.5.3 RQ1: Impact of Engineering Parameters on Emotion Attributes (Study 1);160
11.5.4;7.5.4 RQ2: Evidence of Continuity of the Engineering-Emotion Mappings (Study 2);162
11.5.5;7.5.5 RQ3: Impact of Base Vibrations on Emotion Attribute Ratings;163
11.5.6;7.5.6 RQ4: Orthogonality of Emotion Dimensions;163
11.6;7.6 Discussion;164
11.6.1;7.6.1 Findings;164
11.6.2;7.6.2 Automatable Emotion Controls and Study Approach;164
11.6.3;7.6.3 What Do These Results Enable? Revisiting Our Use Cases;165
11.6.4;7.6.4 Future Work;168
11.7;7.7 Conclusion;169
11.8;References;170
12;8 Conclusion and Future Directions;173
12.1;8.1 Personalization Mechanisms;173
12.2;8.2 Facets as an Underlying Model for Personalization Tools;175
12.3;8.3 Large Scale Evaluation for Theory and Tool Development;177
12.4;8.4 Future Work;178
12.4.1;8.4.1 Incorporating Personalization in Users' Workflow;178
12.4.2;8.4.2 Expanding the Mechanisms and the Underlying Model;179
12.5;8.5 Final Remarks;179
12.6;References;180
13;9 Supplemental Materials for Chapter5;181
13.1;9.1 List of Tags and Their Disagreement Values;181
13.2;9.2 Tag Removal Summary;185
13.3;9.3 Rating Correlations;186
13.4;9.4 Multidimensional Scaling Graphs on Tag Distances;186
13.5;9.5 Individual Differences in Vibrations;190
13.6;9.6 Between-Facet Tag Linkages;194
14;10 Supplemental Materials for Chapter7;195
14.1;10.1 Linkages Between Three Emotion Dimensions and Sensory Attributes of Vibrations;196
14.2;10.2 Implementation of Sensory Parameters;197
14.3;10.3 Qualitative Description of Emotion Dimensions;198
14.4;10.4 Specification of Base Vibrations and Their Derivatives;199
14.5;References;200