Shor Chlamydia Atherosclerosis Lesion

Discovery, Diagnosis and Treatment
1. Auflage 2008
ISBN: 978-1-84628-810-4
Verlag: Springer
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 170 Seiten

This unique book is required reading for every medical practitioner. It is the only published text on this very important new disease. It examines all aspects of the subject including the circumstances in which the germ may be found, its specific pathological features and methods of diagnosing the lesion. Its author discovered Chlamydia pneumoniae germs in atheroma lesions and is a world authority in this very specialized field of pathology.

Dr Allan Shor is an anatomical pathologist who discovered Chlamydia pneumoniae germs in atheroma lesions and described the features of a Chlamydia pneumoniae atheroma lesion of the arteries. He is a world authority of this very specialized field of pathology of Chlamydia pneumoniae and atherosclerosis lesions and possesses a collection of unique and extensive micrographs and electron micrographs of the disease: the result of many years of microscopic and electron microscopic examination of many tens of thousands of atheroma lesions. Dr Allan Shor has written many peer reviewed articles in prominent international journals and given many international invited lectures on the subject.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Shor, Allan

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;7
2;Contents;9
3;Introduction;13
3.1;1.1. Killer Germs That Clog Arteries;13
4;The Germ’s Story;15
4.1;2.1. A Life of Infection and Destruction;15
5;The Deadly Disease;18
5.1;3.1. A Very Common Disease;18
5.2;3.2. A Little Bit of History;20
5.3;3.3. Research;22
5.4;3.4. Cholesterol;22
5.5;3.5. Other Components;23
5.6;3.6. Molecular Biology of the Lesion;24
5.7;3.7. The Age of Statistics;24
5.8;3.8. Animal Studies;25
5.9;3.9. Modern View of the Lesion;25
6;Atheroma Gruel;29
6.1;4.1. Study of Fatty Gruel That Clogs Arteries;29
6.2;4.2. Electron Microscope;31
6.3;4.3. Electron Microscopic Features of Atheroma Gruel;32
7;Discovery;41
7.1;5.1. Does Atheroma Gruel Consist of Fat or Germs?;41
7.2;5.2. Which Germ?;42
7.3;5.3. A;43
7.4;Germ;43
8;Which Chlamydia Species?;47
8.1;6.1. Some Unique Features of the Chlamydia Germ in Atheroma;47
8.2;6.2. Not Conventional Chlamydia Species;48
8.3;6.3. A New Chlamydia Species;49
8.4;6.4. Other Chlamydia Species;53
9;Identification of the Atheroma Germ;55
9.1;7.1. Attempts at Identification of the Germ;55
9.2;7.2. Positive Identification of Chlamydia TWAR;57
9.3;7.3. Methods of Identification;57
10;Publications, Presentations, and Confirmation;60
10.1;8.1. Publications;60
10.2;8.2. Presentations;61
10.3;8.3. Confirmation;62
10.4;8.4. Possible Special Strain of Chlamydia pneumoniae;62
11;Chlamydia Are Inherent Components of Atheroma;66
11.1;9.1. Serology Not Helpful;66
11.2;9.2. Previous Journal Articles on Atheroma Contain Pictures of Unrecognized Chlamydia Germs;67
11.3;9.3. Persons with Congenital Raised Cholesterol Contain Chlamydia pneumoniae Germs in Atheroma;68
11.4;9.4. Are There Other Germs in Atheroma?;69
12;Do Chlamydia Germs Cause Atherosclerosis?;72
12.1;10.1. Determining Causality;72
12.2;10.2. Statistical Criteria;73
12.3;10.3. Koch’s Postulates;74
12.4;10.4. Does Eradication of Germ Prove Causality?;74
12.5;10.5. No Disease Without Causal Agent;75
13;Pathological Lesion Diagnosis;76
13.1;11.1. Lesion Examination;76
13.2;11.2. Lesion Diagnosis;77
13.3;11.3. Inability to Diagnose Atheroma Lesion;77
14;Study of Atheroma Lesions;79
14.1;12.1. Steps in Atheroma Lesion Formation;79
14.2;12.2. Aspects Requiring Reexamination;80
14.3;12.3. Addressing the Problem of Atheroma Lesion Formation;80
15;New Findings Concerning the Initial Lesion;83
15.1;13.1. Initial Lesion;83
15.2;13.2. Primary Muscle Damage;84
15.3;13.3. Chlamydia Cause Muscle Cell Damage;92
16;Fatty Streak Lesion;94
16.1;14.1. Macrophage Infiltration;94
16.2;14.2. Macrophages Phagocytose Fat, Germs, and Muscle;94
16.3;14.3. Macrophage Reaction Resulting from Germs and Muscle Damage;99
17;Formation of Fibronecrotic Plaque;101
17.1;15.11 Formation of Atheroma Gruel;101
17.2;15.2. Ceroid or Blighted Chlamydia Vacuoles?;107
17.3;15.3. Cholesterol Crystallization;110
17.4;15.4. Late Sequelae: Fibrosis, Calcification, and Angiogenesis;113
18;Interpretation of Lesion;116
18.1;16.1. Another Way to Look at the Lesion;116
18.2;16.2. Assessment of Evidence;121
18.3;16.3. What Do We Call the Lesion?;123
19;Confirmatory Molecular Biological Studies;124
19.1;17.1. Is Lymphocytic Infiltrate Caused by;124
19.2;17.2. Intimal Smooth Muscle Cell Damage;125
19.3;17.3. Monocyte and Macrophage Infiltrate;125
19.4;17.4. Endothelial Changes;126
19.5;17.5. Collagen Formation;126
20;Derivation of Lipid in Lesion;129
20.1;18.1. Atheroma Lipid;129
20.2;18.2. Chlamydia Lipid;131
20.3;18.3. Cholesterol: Friend or Foe?;133
21;Acceptance;136
21.1;19.1. Old Ideas Do Not Change;136
21.2;19.2. Rejection of New Ideas;137
22;Diagnosis of Atheroma Lesions;139
22.1;20.1. Serology;140
22.2;20.2. Heat Shock Protein;140
22.3;20.3. C-Reactive Protein;140
22.4;20.4. Detection of Chlamydia in White Blood Cells and Blood;141
22.5;20.5. Other Possible Tests;141
22.6;20.6. Pathological Diagnosis;141
22.7;20.7. Chlamydia Inclusion Bodies;141
22.8;20.8. Electron Microscopy;142
22.9;20.9. Immunohistochemical Detection;142
22.10;20.10. Polymerase Chain Reaction;142
22.11;20.11. Culture;142
23;Treatment;144
23.1;21.1. Antibiotic Sensitivity;145
23.2;21.2. What Happens to the Lesion?;146
23.3;21.3. Does the Lesion Change in Size?;146
23.4;21.4. Does the Lesion Change in Character?;147
24;Pathological Study;149
24.1;22.1. Eradication of Germ;150
24.2;22.2. Size of Lesion;151
24.3;22.3. Stage of Lesion;151
24.4;22.4. Decrease in Inflammation;151
24.5;22.5. Fibrosis and Scar Formation;151
24.6;22.6. Regeneration;154
24.7;22.7. Does Treatment Increase Healing?;154
25;Other Studies;156
25.1;23.1. Animal Studies;156
25.2;23.2. Retrospective Studies;156
25.3;23.3. Secondary Prevention Trials;157
25.4;23.4. Meta-Analysis;159
25.5;23.5. Relevance of Clinical Trials;159
25.6;23.6. Unconsidered Aspects;159
25.7;23.7. Noncardiac Treatment Trials;160
26;What Do We Know About Treatment of Atheroma Lesions?;163
26.1;24.1. Physiology of the Heart;163
26.2;24.2. What Causes a Heart Attack?;164
26.3;24.3. Atherosclerosis Is Not the Same as Ischemic Heart Disease;165
27;Other Treatment Possibilities;167
27.1;25.1. Statins;167
27.2;25.2. Aspirin;168
27.3;25.3. Antihypertensive Agents;169
27.4;25.4. New Innovative Agents;169
27.5;25.5. Immunization;170
28;Conclusion;172
29;Glossary of Terms;173
30;Index;175