Tomic Balkan Sprachbund Morpho-Syntactic Features

1. Auflage 2006
ISBN: 978-1-4020-4488-5
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band 67, 750 Seiten

Reihe: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory

This book discusses the morpho-syntactic Balkan Sprachbund features in nine languages in which they are most numerous. It contains a wealth of Balkan linguistic material. The focus is on displaying similarities and differences in the representation of the most widely acknowledged Balkan Sprachbund morpho-syntactic features and their interaction with other features in the structure of the DP or the sentence of individual languages.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Tomic, Olga M.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Table of Contents;7
2;Preface;13
3;Less Common Alphabet Symbols;18
4;Abbreviations and Symbols;19
5;Chapter One INTRODUCTION;22
5.1;1. The Balkan Sprachbund phenomenon;22
5.2;2. Which features count as Balkan Sprachbund features?;24
5.3;3. How did the Balkan Sprachbund features develop?;48
5.4;4. The Balkan Sprachbund features in this book;50
6;Chapter Two ETHNO-HISTORICAL CONSIDERATIONS;56
6.1;1. The Balkan peninsula;56
6.2;2. Ethnic Balkans;56
6.3;3. Greek in retrospective;57
6.4;4. Origin of the Balkan Romance languages;59
6.5;5. Albanian and Illyrian;61
6.6;6. The Balkan Slavic languages;63
6.7;7. Balkan Romani;66
6.8;8. Turkey and Turkish on the Balkans;67
7;Chapter Three CASES AND ARTICLES;70
7.1;1. Macedonian;70
7.2;2. Bulgarian;107
7.3;3. Serbo-Croatian;129
7.4;4. The South-Eastern Serbian dialects;139
7.5;5. Romanian;146
7.6;6. Megleno-Romanian;173
7.7;7. Aromanian;188
7.8;8. Albanian;207
7.9;9. Modern Greek;224
8;Chapter Four CLITIC CLUSTERS AND CLITIC DOUBLING;260
8.1;1. Macedonian ;263
8.2;2. Bulgarian;280
8.3;3. Serbo-Croatian;292
8.4;4. Romanian;300
8.5;5. Megleno-Romanian;313
8.6;6. Aromanian;320
8.7;7. Albanian;328
8.8;8. Modern Greek;336
8.9;9. Arli Balkan Romani;350
9;Chapter Five THE PERFECT AND THE EVIDENTIAL;354
9.1;1. Macedonian;357
9.2;2. Bulgarian;372
9.3;3. Serbo-Croatian;382
9.4;4. Romanian;390
9.5;5. Megleno-Romanian;397
9.6;6. Aromanian;404
9.7;7. Albanian;410
9.8;8. Northern Geg Albanian;418
9.9;9. Modern Greek;421
9.10;10. Arli Balkan Romani;428
10;Chapter Six INFINITIVES AND SUBJUNCTIVES;434
10.1;1. Macedonian;437
10.2;2. Bulgarian;477
10.3;3. Serbo-Croatian;505
10.4;4. Romanian;532
10.5;5. Megleno-Romanian;561
10.6;7. Albanian;602
10.7;8. Northern Geg Albanian;630
10.8;9. Modern Greek;634
10.9;10. Arli Balkan Romani;657
11;Appendix One CORE VOCABULARIES;678
12;Appendix Two SAMPLES TEXTS;704
13;Appendix Three LANGUAGES SPOKEN ON THE BALKANS;718
14;References;728
15;Subject Index;742
16;Index of languages, dialects, ethnonyms and toponyms;762
17;Author Index;768

Leseproben

Chapter Two ETHNO-HISTORICAL CONSIDERATIONS (p. 35-36)

1. The Balkan peninsula

The Balkan peninsula derives its name from the Turkish word for the Slavic toponym Stara Planina – the mountain range in Northern Bulgaria, to the south of the Danube.1 The first person to use the term Balkan Peninsula was the German geographer Zeune (1808), who replaced the former reference to the peninsula as "European Turkey" with this term, stating that there was une répugnance évidente ‘evident repulsion’ at the description of the Balkans as "Turkey in Europe" (cf. Cviji 1918:2). The name Balkan Peninsula was readily accepted since it was parallel to the names of the other two peninsulas in Southern Europe, the Pyrenean and the Apennine one, which were also named after mountain ranges.

1.1. While the eastern, southern and western boundaries of the peninsula are defined by the borders of the Adriatic, Ionian, Mediterranean, Aegean and Black seas, its northern boundary is defined by two mighty rivers: the Sava, from its head-waters in the Alps, north of the Gulf of Trieste, to its junction with the Danube, and the Danube from here on, to its estuary in the Black Sea (cf. Cviji 1918:2, Kati i 1976:11). Thus, unlike the northern boundaries of the Pyrenean and the Apennine peninsula, which are closed by high mountains – the Pyrenees and the Alps, respectively, the northern boundaries of the Balkan Peninsula are not sharply separated from the rest of continental Europe. Because of this, the Balkan peninsula has been very open to invasion from the north, and it is from the north that numerous invasions have come.2 The invasions have driven into the peninsula a diversity of tribes and have turned it into a conglomeration of peoples and languages.

1.2 With the exception of Stara Planina and the Rhodope ranges, which are moderately high and have numerous mountain passes, the major mountain chains in the Balkans run north-south, so, the invaders have been able to penetrate deep into the peninsula. Having settled, the individual tribes were isolated, however, the high mountains hindering the creation of common states and encouraging linguistic localisms.

2. Ethnic Balkans

The modern Balkan states share a geographical unity and historical heritage dating back to inhabitation during the Lower Paleolithic times, 200,000-100,000 B.C. (cf. Carter 1977:1). In the course of the first millenium of the modern era, however, due to the uneven influence of Rome in the territories in and around the Balkans, which the empire had conquered, two different civilizations developed on the peninsula. Balkanhalbinsel. Over a hundred years later, the Serbian geographer Cviji supported

2.1 During the period before Christ, Roman influence on the Balkans was chiefly along the Adriatic and Ionic coast, concentrating in coastal towns. In the first century A.D. the Romans began pushing their frontiers inland across the Balkans. As they adv- anced, they established forts and small towns and built roads to connect them with the coast. The countryside beyond the forts and the towns remained populated with indigenous population, however, and experienced little or no Roman influence.

2.2 In 324, the emperor Constantine chose to live in the east and established a new center there, Constantinople. This marked the beginning of the end of the centralized Roman rule, which was precipitated after the death of emperor Theodosius I, who divided the empire between his two sons, into Old Rome in the west and New Rome in the east.