Buch, Englisch, Band 62, 372 Seiten, Format (B × H): 170 mm x 244 mm, Gewicht: 675 g
Buch, Englisch, Band 62, 372 Seiten, Format (B × H): 170 mm x 244 mm, Gewicht: 675 g
Reihe: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology
ISBN: 978-3-642-68581-1
Verlag: Springer
The first useful antibiotic found by screening was streptomycin. The late Prof. WAKSMAN started screening for antibacterial antibiotics in 1940 and, after finding actinomycin in 1941, he and his collaborators discovered streptomycin in 1944. This antibiotic made a great contribution in saving human lives from tuberculosis and acute serious infections. About 1957, after wide usage of such antibiotics as penicillin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and erythromycin, staphy lococci and Gram negative organisms resistant to all or most antibiotic drugs ap peared in hospital patients. The origin and treatment of such resistant strains be came a major topic of investigation. At that time, kanamycin was discovered and used in the treatment of resistant infections. It may be said that the appearance of resistant strains stimulated a resurgence of research on new antibacterial antibiot ics and their derivatives. In 1965, kanamycin-resistant strains were found in hospital patients and, undertaking the study of the mechanisms of resistance, I found that resistant strains produce intracellular enzymes that can transfer either the terminal phos phate of ATP or the acetate of acetyl-CoA to the 3' -hydroxyl or the 6' -amino group of 2-deoxystreptamine~containing antibiotics. These results, reported in 1967, made it possible to design new synthetic derivatives that would inhibit the growth of kanamycin resistant strains of microorganisms. Thus, a new research area was opened: the development of aminoglycosides useful in the treatment of drug-resis tant infections.
Zielgruppe
Research
Autoren/Hrsg.
Weitere Infos & Material
1 The Naturally Occurring Aminoglycoside Antibiotics.- A. Introduction.- B. Aminoglycoses and Noncyclitol Aminoglycosides.- C. Aminocyclitol Aminoglycosides Containing Streptamine, 2-Deoxystreptamine, or Their Derivatives.- D. Aminoglycosides with Cyclitol Aglycones Other than Streptamine or 2-Deoxystreptamine.- References.- 2 Total Synthesis and Chemical Modification of the Aminoglycoside Antibiotics.- A. Introduction.- B. Several Reactions and Methods Generally Useful for the Synthesis of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics.- C. Total Synthesis and Modification of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics.- References.- 3 Biosynthesis and Mutasynthesis of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics.- A. Introduction.- B. Biosynthesis of Major Aminoglycosides.- C. Mutational Biosynthesis (Mutasynthesis).- D. Conclusion.- References.- 4 Antibacterial Activity of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics.- A. Introduction.- B. Drug Resistance Plasmids.- C. Resistance Patterns of Bacteria.- D. Bacterial Strains Resistant to Aminoglycoside Antibiotics.- E. Conclusion.- References.- 5 Mechanism of Action of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics.- A. The Effects on Bacterial Cells and Their Components.- B. Effects on Mammalian or Eukaryotic Cells and Their Components.- C. Peptide Antibiotics Showing Similar Mechanisms of Inhibition of Ribosomal Functions.- D. Discussion.- E. Summary.- References.- 6 Mechanisms of Resistance to Aminoglycoside Antibiotics.- A. Introduction.- B. Biochemical Mechanisms of Resistance.- C. Derivatives Active Against Resistant Strains.- D. Conclusion.- References.- 7 Toxicology and Pharmacology of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics.- A. Introduction.- B. Nephrotoxicity of Aminoglycosides.- C. Ototoxicity of Aminoglycosides.- D. Acute Lethal Toxicity of Aminoglycosides.- E. Correlation Between Chemical Structure and LD50 Values of Aminoglycosides.- F. General Pharmacology of Aminoglycosides.- G. Pharmacokinetics.- References.
