van Oosterom / Zlatanova / Fendel Geo-information for Disaster Management

2005
ISBN: 978-3-540-27468-1
Verlag: Springer
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 1433 Seiten, eBook

Geo-information technology can be of considerable use in disaster management, but with considerable challenge in integrating systems, interoperability and reliability. This book provides a broad overview of geo-information technology, software, systems needed, currently used and to be developed for disaster management. The text invites discussion on systems and requirements for use of geo-information under time and stress constraints and unfamiliar situations, environments and circumstances.

Zielgruppe

Research

Autoren/Hrsg.

van Oosterom, Peter

Zlatanova, Siyka

Fendel, Elfriede

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Plenary Contributions.- Orchestra: Developing a Unified Open Architecture for Risk Management Applications.- Laser Scanning Applications on Disaster Management.- Big Brother or Eye in the Sky? Legal Aspects of Space-Based Geo-Information for Disaster Management.- ICT for Environmental Risk Management in the EU Research Context.- Airborne Passive Microwave Radiometry for Emergency Response.- Flood Vulnerability Analysis and Mapping in Vietnam.- Oral Contributions.- Geo Information Breaks through Sector Think.- Accurate On-Time Geo-Information for Disaster Management and Disaster Prevention by Precise Airborne Lidar Scanning.- Methodology for Making Geographic Information Relevant to Crisis Management.- The Value of Gi4DM for Transport & Water Management.- A Case Study in Multiagency GIS for Managing a Large-Scale Natural Disaster.- User-Oriented Provision of Geo-Information in Disaster Management: Potentials of Spatial Data Infrastructures considering Brandenburg/Germany as an Example.- PEGASUS: A Future Tool for Providing Near Real-Time High Resolution Data for Disaster Management.- Disaster Management: The Challenges for a National Geographic Information Provider.- CNES Research and Development and Available Software in the Framework of Space-Images Based Risk and Disaster Management.- A Decision Support System for Preventive Evacuation of People.- Poster contributions.- Considering Elevation Uncertainty for Managing Probable Disasters.- Emergency Preparedness System for the Lower Mekong River Basin: A Conceptual Approach Using Earth Observation and Geomatics.- Framing Spatial Decision-Making and Disaster Management in Time.- Disaster Monitoring Based on Portable Terminal for Real-Time RADARSAT-1 Data Acquisition.- User Requirements for a Mobile Disaster Documentation System.- Plenary Contributions.- Use of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Technologies in Disaster Management, especially Earthquakes.- The 26 December 2004 Sumatra Earthquake and Tsunami Seen by Satellite Altimeters and GPS.- Near-Real Time Post-Disaster Damage Assessment with Airborne Oblique Video Data.- Abilities of Airborne and Space-Borne Sensors for Managing Natural Disasters.- The Use of GIS Technologies within the NOAA Climate Prediction Center’s FEWS-NET Program.- Geo-Information for Urban Risk Assessment in Developing Countries: The SLARIM project.- Oral Contributions.- Mass Movement Monitoring Using Terrestrial Laser Scanner for Rock Fall Management.- Findings of the European Platform of New Technologies for Civil Protection: Current Practice and Challenges.- Geo-Information at the Belgian Federal Crisis Centre.- Real Time 3D Environment Simulation Applied to the Disaster Management Field: Our Experience.- Geo-Information for Disaster Management: Lessons from 9/11.- Soft Real-Time GIS for Disaster Monitoring.- Step-Wise Improvement of Precursor Services to an Integrated Crisis Information Center for Mountainous Areas.- Alsat-1: First Member of the DMC.- Experience and Perspective of Providing Satellite Based Crisis Information, Emergency Mapping & Disaster Monitoring Information to Decision Makers and Relief Workers.- Poster contributions.- Survey Methodologies for the Preservation of Cultural Heritage Sites.- A New Geo-Information Architecture for Risk Management.- Software to Support a Specialized Bank of Electronic Maps.- Project OCTAGON: Special UAVs - Autonomous Airborne Platforms.- Disaster Prevention for Alpine Routes.- Step by Step Constitution of an Emergency Management Based Object Model and Database System on Linux for the I.T.U. Campus D.I.S..- Development of a Web-Based GIS Using SDI for Disaster Management.- Visual System for Metric 3D Data Gathering and Processing in Real Time.- Plenary Contributions.- Risk Assessment Using Spatial Prediction Model for Natural Disaster Preparedness.- Automatically Extracting Manmade Objects from Pan-Sharpened High-Resolution Satellite Imagery Using a Fuzzy Segmentation Method.- Oral Contributions.- Extension of NASA’s Science and Technology Results, Earth Observations for Decision Support.- A Concept of an Intelligent Decision Support for Crisis Management in the OASIS project.- Mapping World Events.- Allocation of Functional Behavior to Geo-Information for Improved Disaster Planning and Management.- Towards an Integrated Concept for Geographical Information Systems in Disaster Management.- A Distributed Spatial Data Library for Emergency Management.- On Quality-Aware Composition of Geographic Information Services for Disaster Management.- Web-Based Assessment and Decision Support Technology.- Evaluating the Relevance of Spatial Data in Time Critical Situations.- Dealing with Uncertainty in the Real-Time Knowledge Discovery Process.- Poster Contributions.- Experience in Applying Information Technologies to Ensure Safe Operation of Russian Nuclear Industry Facilities.- Building Disaster Anticipation Information into the Ghana Development and Poverty Mapping and Monitoring System.- Vulnerability Assessment for Food Crisis Management in the Sahel Region.- Using Remote Sensing Data for Earthquake Damage Assessment in Afghanistan: The Role of the International Charter.- 3D Buffering: A Visualization Tool for Disaster Management.- Plenary Contributions.- A GIS-Based Spatial Decision Support System for Emergency Services: London’s King’s Cross St. Pancras Underground Station.- CityGML: Interoperable Access to 3D City Models.- Population Density Estimations for Disaster Management: Case Study Rural Zimbabwe.- The Fourth Column in Action: Dutch Municipalities Organizing Geo-Information for Disaster Management.- Oral Contributions.- GRIFINOR: Integrated Object-Oriented Solution for Navigating Real-Time 3D Virtual Environments.- An Intelligent Hybrid Agent for Medical Emergency Vehicles Navigation in Urban Spaces.- GIS Solutions in Public Safety: A Case Study of the Broward County Sheriff.- Information Management Boosts Command & Control.- Task-Centred Adaptation of Geographic Information to Support Disaster Management.- The Adoption of Geo-information and Geographic Information Systems for Natural Disaster Risk Management by Local Authorities.- Web-Based 3D Visual User Interface to a Flood Forecasting System.- A Web Application for Landslide Inventory Using Data-Driven SVG.- High-Resolution Satellite Image Sources for Disaster Management in Urban Areas.- Geo-Information as an Integral Component of the National Disaster Hazard and Vulnerability “ATLAS”.- Poster Contributions.- Seismic Emergency Management: Technologies at Work.- Plenary Contributions.- Pedestrian Navigation in Difficult Environments: Results of the ESA Project SHADE.- Location Interoperability Services for Medical Emergency Operations during Disasters.- Oral Contributions.- Evacuation Route Calculation of Inner Buildings.- Poster Contributions.- Geo Embedded Navigation.- LoBI-X: Location-Based, Bi-Directional, Information Exchange, over Wireless Networks.- Plenary Contributions.- Integrated Distributed GIS Approach for Earthquake Disaster Modeling and Visualization.- M3Flood: An Integrated System for Flood Forecasting and Emergency Management.- Oral Contributions.- Mobile Hardware and Software Complex to Support Work of Radiation Safety Experts in Field Conditions.- The New Zoning Approach for Earthquake Risk Assessment.- Application of Remote Sensing and GIS Technology in Forest Fire Risk Modeling and Management of Forest Fires: A Case Study in the Garhwal Himalayan Region.- A Web GIS for Managing Post-Earthquake Emergencies.- Web Based Information System for Natural Hazard Analysis in an Alpine Valley.- Using Explorative Spatial Analysis to Improve Fire and Rescue Services.- The Global Terrestrial Network for River Discharge (GTN-R): Near Real-Time Data Acquisition and Dissemination Tool for Online River Discharge and Water Level Information.- Contribution of Earth Observation Data Supplied by the New Satellite Sensors to Flood Disaster Assessment and Hazard Reduction.- The Relationship between Settlement Density and Informal Settlement Fires: Case Study of Imizamo Yethu, Hout Bay and Joe Slovo, Cape Town Metropolis.- Poster Contributions.- AVHRR Data for Real-Time Operational Flood Forecasting in Malaysia.- Supporting Flood Disaster Response by Freeware Spatial Data in Hungary.- The Use of GIS as Tool to Support Risk Assessment.- Ignored Devastating Disasters and Hazards: The Case of the Horn of Africa.- Tight Coupling of SFlood and ArcView GIS 3.2 for Flood Risk Analysis.- Public Participation Geographic Information Sharing Systems for Community Based Urban Disaster Mitigation.

Leseproben

A Decision Support System for Preventive Evacuation of People (p. 230-231)

Kasper van Zuilekom1, Martin van Maarseveen1 and Marcel van der Doef2
1 University of Twente, Faculty of Engineering, Center for Transport
Studies, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AA Enschede, the Netherlands.
Email: [e-mail],
[e-mail]
2 Directorate General of Public Works and Water Management, the Road
and Hydraulic Engineering Institute, P.O. Box 5044, 2600 GA Delft, the
Netherlands.
Email: [e-mail]

Abstract

As a densely populated country in a delta the Netherlands have to be very considered about flooding risks. Up to 65% of its surface is threatened by either sea or rivers. The Dutch government has started a research project ‘Floris’ (Flood Risk and Safety in the Netherlands) to calculate the risks of about half of the 53 dike-ring areas of The Netherlands. This project has four tracks: (1) determining the probability of flooding risks of dike-rings areas, (2) the reliability of hydraulic structures, (3) the consequences of flooding and (4) coping with uncertainties.

As part of the third track, the consequences of flooding, the Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management has asked the University of Twente to develop a Decision Support System for analyzing the process of preventive evacuation of people and cattle from a dike-ring area. This Support System, named Evacuation Calculator (EC), determines the results of several kinds of traffic management in terms of evacuation progress in time and traffic load. The EC makes a distinction between four types of traffic management scenarios: (1) reference, (2) nearest exit, (3) traffic management, (4) out-flow areas. The scenarios one and two represent a situation where no traffic management or limited traffic management is present. Scenario three (traffic management) calculates an optimal traffic management (given the model assumptions). Within the fourth scenario the user has the freedom to adjust the scenarios by (re)defining out-flow areas. In this way the user has the possibility to adapt to local possibilities and restraints. The limited data need and efficient algorithms in the EC make it possible to model large-scale problems.

Targets in the EC development were twofold: (1) a safe estimate of the evacuation time and (2) to support the development of an evacuation planning. These targets are met by the development of scenarios with specific and well defined objectives. Optimization methods were developed to solve the problems and meet the objectives. The classical framework of transport planning is used as a basis, but with extensions: Trip generation: a broad range of traffic categories are defined. For each category has there own departure rate in time. Trip distribution: the core of the EC. The objectives of the scenarios are determining the distribution. The evacuation time is calculated. Traffic assignment: visualization of the traffic flows. The paper will describe the structure of the EC, its objective functions and problem solving techniques. Furthermore a case study of dike-ring Flevoland is presented.

1 Introduction

Water plays a key role in the safety of the Netherlands. Up to 65% of its area, an area in which many of the economic activities take place, is threatened by either sea or rivers. It is a condition that needs permanent attention. Moreover, the country has to cope with serious consequences of environmental changes. The climate is changing as a result of pollution and use of fossil energy. Temperatures are expected to go up, rainfall will increase in intensity and frequency, and eventually sea level will rise. At the same time the soil will sink because of gas and salt extraction. All these factors together make it more difficult to protect the Netherlands against flooding, despite dikes and hydraulic structures. In view of these problems the Dutch government has started the research project ‘Floris’ (Flood Risk and Safety in the Netherlands). This project has four tracks: (1) determining the probability of flood risks, (2) the reliability of hydraulic structures, (3) the consequences of flooding, and (4) coping with uncertainties.