Venkatesh / Murthy An Analytical Approach to Optical Burst Switched Networks

1. Auflage 2010
ISBN: 978-1-4419-1510-8
Verlag: Springer
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 262 Seiten

This book presents the state of the art results on modeling and analysis of OBS networks. It provides researchers with new directions for future research and helps them gain a better understanding of modeling OBS networks. This book classifies all the literature on modeling and analysis of OBS networks and serves as a thought provoking material for the researchers working on the analysis of high-speed networks. The scope of this book however is not limited to OBS networks alone but extends to high-speed communication networks with limited or no buffers.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Venkatesh, T.

Murthy, C. Siva Ram

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;6
2;Contents;8
3;Acronyms;11
4;1 Introduction to Optical Burst Switching ;15
4.1;1.1 Evolution of Optical Networks;15
4.2;1.2 Optical Circuit Switching;16
4.3;1.3 Optical Packet Switching;17
4.4;1.4 Optical Burst Switching;18
4.4.1;1.4.1 Node Architectures;21
4.4.2;1.4.2 Burst Assembly;23
4.4.3;1.4.3 Signaling Schemes;25
4.4.4;1.4.4 Routing and Wavelength Assignment;25
4.4.5;1.4.5 Channel Scheduling;26
4.4.6;1.4.6 Contention Resolution;28
4.4.7;1.4.7 Service Differentiation;30
4.4.8;1.4.8 TCP over OBS;31
4.4.9;1.4.9 Other Issues;32
4.5;1.5 Variants of OBS;33
4.5.1;1.5.1 Labeled OBS;33
4.5.2;1.5.2 Wavelength-Routed OBS;34
4.5.3;1.5.3 Dual-Header OBS;35
4.5.4;1.5.4 Time-Slotted OBS;36
4.5.5;1.5.5 Hybrid Architectures;38
4.6;1.6 Applications of OBS;40
4.6.1;1.6.1 Grid Computing;40
4.6.2;1.6.2 Access and Metro Networks;43
4.7;1.7 Testbed Implementations;44
4.8;1.8 Need for Modeling and Analysis of OBS Networks;48
4.9;1.9 Organization of the Book;50
4.10;References;51
5;2 Traffic Characteristics in OBS Networks ;56
5.1;2.1 Introduction;56
5.2;2.2 Modeling Traffic at an Ingress Node;57
5.2.1;2.2.1 Models for Specific Input Traffic Characteristics;57
5.2.1.1;2.2.1.1 Poisson Arrival Process for Input Traffic;59
5.2.1.2;2.2.1.2 Bernoulli Arrival Process for Input Traffic;62
5.2.1.3;2.2.1.3 Exact Model for Poisson Traffic;67
5.2.1.4;2.2.1.4 Self-Similar Input Traffic;71
5.2.2;2.2.2 Models Independent of Input Traffic Characteristics;75
5.2.2.1;2.2.2.1 Bursty Input Traffic;79
5.3;2.3 Queueing Network Model for an Ingress Node;85
5.3.1;2.3.1 Burst Arrival Process;86
5.3.2;2.3.2 Modeling the Ingress Node with Infinite Buffer;89
5.3.2.1;2.3.2.1 Node Without Wavelength Converters;89
5.3.2.2;2.3.2.2 Node with Wavelength Converters;95
5.3.2.3;2.3.2.3 Node Supporting Multiple Classes of Traffic;97
5.3.3;2.3.3 Modeling the Ingress Node with Finite Buffer;99
5.3.3.1;2.3.3.1 Approximate Solution;103
5.3.4;2.3.4 Modeling Waiting Time at the Ingress Node;106
5.3.4.1;2.3.4.1 Modeling Burst Assembler Queue;106
5.3.4.2;2.3.4.2 Modeling Burst Transmission Queue;109
5.4;References;111
6;3 Blocking Probability in OBS Networks ;113
6.1;3.1 Introduction;113
6.2;3.2 Blocking Probability in JET/JIT-Based Reservation;114
6.3;3.3 Markov Chain Model for Blocking Probability;115
6.4;3.4 Blocking Probability with Variable Offset Time;118
6.5;3.5 Blocking Probability with and Without Wavelength Conversion;124
6.5.1;3.5.1 Model for Node Without Wavelength Conversion;125
6.5.1.1;3.5.1.1 General Model for No-Wavelength Conversion;128
6.5.2;3.5.2 Model for Node with Wavelength Conversion;132
6.6;3.6 Blocking Probability with Partial Wavelength Conversion;135
6.7;3.7 Blocking Probability with Limited Wavelength Conversion;139
6.7.1;3.7.1 Overflow Fixed Point Method;139
6.7.2;3.7.2 Queueing Model;144
6.8;3.8 Blocking Probability: Erlang Fixed Point Method;145
6.9;3.9 Blocking Probability for Multi-class OBS Networks;147
6.9.1;3.9.1 Generic Model Without Class Isolation;152
6.10;References;156
7;4 Contention Resolution in OBS Networks ;158
7.1;4.1 Introduction;158
7.2;4.2 Burst Segmentation;158
7.2.1;4.2.1 Blocking Analysis of a Node with Burst Segmentation;159
7.2.1.1;4.2.1.1 Analysis for Small Burst Sizes;162
7.2.2;4.2.2 Benefit of Burst Segmentation;164
7.2.2.1;4.2.2.1 Probabilistic Model for Burst Segmentation;165
7.2.3;4.2.3 Prioritized Burst Segmentation;166
7.2.4;4.2.4 Probabilistic Preemptive Burst Segmentation;171
7.2.5;4.2.5 Preemption Probability;175
7.3;4.3 Wavelength Preemption;178
7.4;4.4 Deflection Routing;183
7.4.1;4.4.1 Modeling Deflection Routing at a Single Port;185
7.4.2;4.4.2 Probabilistic Deflection Routing;189
7.4.2.1;4.4.2.1 Approximate Model with Wavelength Conversion;189
7.4.2.2;4.4.2.2 Approximate Model Without Wavelength Conversion;190
7.4.2.3;4.4.2.3 Accurate Model with Wavelength Conversion;191
7.4.2.4;4.4.2.4 Accurate Model Without Wavelength Conversion;192
7.4.3;4.4.3 Stabilizing Deflection Routing;193
7.4.3.1;4.4.3.1 Wavelength Reservation;195
7.4.3.2;4.4.3.2 Preemptive Priority;196
7.4.3.3;4.4.3.3 Analysis for Large Networks;197
7.5;4.5 Analysis of Fiber Delay Lines;200
7.5.1;4.5.1 Exact Markovian Model;201
7.5.2;4.5.2 Asymptotic Approximation Models;204
7.5.2.1;4.5.2.1 Balking Model for Short FDLs;205
7.5.2.2;4.5.2.2 Queueing Model for Long FDLs;206
7.6;References;207
8;5 TCP over OBS Networks ;210
8.1;5.1 Introduction;210
8.2;5.2 A Brief Introduction to TCP;211
8.2.1;5.2.1 Phases in the Congestion Control;212
8.2.1.1;5.2.1.1 Slow Start;212
8.2.1.2;5.2.1.2 Congestion Avoidance;212
8.2.1.3;5.2.1.3 Fast Retransmit and Fast Recovery;213
8.2.2;5.2.2 Popular Variants of TCP;213
8.2.2.1;5.2.2.1 TCP Reno;214
8.2.2.2;5.2.2.2 TCP NewReno;214
8.2.2.3;5.2.2.3 TCP SACK;215
8.3;5.3 Factors Affecting TCP Performance over OBS;215
8.3.1;5.3.1 Impact of the Burst Assembly Algorithms;216
8.3.2;5.3.2 Impact of Burst Loss;216
8.4;5.4 Analytical Models for TCP over OBS;218
8.4.1;5.4.1 Markov Regenerative Process Theory-Based Models;218
8.4.1.1;5.4.1.1 Slow Class TCP Sources;220
8.4.1.2;5.4.1.2 Fast Class TCP Sources;225
8.4.2;5.4.2 Renewal Theory-Based Model for Loss-Based Variants;228
8.4.2.1;5.4.2.1 TCP SACK;229
8.4.2.2;5.4.2.2 TCP NewReno;232
8.4.2.3;5.4.2.3 TCP Reno;232
8.4.3;5.4.3 Markov Chain Theory-Based Models;235
8.4.3.1;5.4.3.1 Overview of the Model;236
8.4.3.2;5.4.3.2 Modeling the MBMAP Assembly Algorithm;236
8.4.3.3;5.4.3.3 Modeling the TCP Congestion Window;238
8.4.3.4;5.4.3.4 State Transition Probabilities of Markov Chain;239
8.4.3.5;5.4.3.5 Throughput of a TCP Source;242
8.4.3.6;5.4.3.6 Modeling the OBS Network;242
8.4.3.7;5.4.3.7 Fixed Point Analysis of TCP over OBS;243
8.4.4;5.4.4 Modeling High-Speed TCP;244
8.4.5;5.4.5 TCP Vegas;246
8.5;5.5 TCP Implementations in OBS;249
8.5.1;5.5.1 Burst TCP;250
8.5.2;5.5.2 Generalized AIMD;253
8.5.2.1;5.5.2.1 BAIMD;254
8.5.2.2;5.5.2.2 TCP-ENG;254
8.5.2.3;5.5.2.3 SAIMD;256
8.6;5.6 Improving the Performance of TCP;257
8.6.1;5.6.1 Adaptive Burst Assembly Algorithm;257
8.6.2;5.6.2 Using Burst Acknowledgments and Retransmission;259
8.6.3;5.6.3 Drop Policy;262
8.7;References;264
9;Index;267