Wade Perception and Illusion

Historical Perspectives
1. Auflage 2006
ISBN: 978-0-387-22723-8
Verlag: Springer US
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 250 Seiten

Reihe: Library of the History of Psychological Theories

Our contact with the world is through perception, and therefore the study of the process is of obvious importance and signi?cance. For much of its long history, the study of perception has been con?ned to natural- tic observation. Nonetheless, the phenomena considered worthy of note have not been those that nurture our survival-the veridical features of perception-but the oddities or departures from the common and c- monplace accuracies of perception. With the move from the natural world to the laboratory the oddities of perception multiplied, and they received ever more detailed scrutiny. My general intention is to examine the interpretations of the perc- tual process and its errors throughout history. The emphasis on errors of perception might appear to be a narrow approach, but in fact it enc- passes virtually all perceptual research from the ancients until the present. The constancies of perception have been taken for granted whereas - partures from constancies (errors or illusions) have fostered fascination.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Wade, N. J.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;7
2;Contents;10
3;Recording Observations;14
3.1;THE PRACTICE OF PERCEPTION;17
3.1.1;Art;18
3.1.2;Color;24
3.1.3;Optics;27
3.2;GREEK SCIENCE AND PERCEPTION;28
3.2.1;The Ideal and the Observable;29
3.2.2;The Five Senses;30
3.2.3;The Introduction of Observation;33
3.2.4;The Introduction of Optics;35
3.2.5;The Introduction of Experiment;36
3.3;SUMMARY;38
4;Nature of Perceptual Error;41
4.1;COMPARISONS OF PERCEPTS;43
4.2;COMPARISONS WITH PHYSICS;44
4.3;COMPARISONS WITH PHYSIOLOGY;45
4.4;DISTAL AND PROXIMAL COMPARISONS;49
4.5;PHANTOMS;52
4.6;SUMMARY;60
5;Nature of Veridicality;61
5.1;NATURE OF LIGHT;62
5.1.1;Greek Optics;63
5.1.2;Medieval Optics;69
5.1.3;Early Modern Optics;70
5.2;NATURE OF SIGHT;72
5.2.1;Eye;74
5.2.2;Retina;78
5.2.3;Visual Pathways;79
5.2.4;Eye Glasses;80
5.3;SUMMARY;82
6;Perception in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries;84
6.1;IMPACT OF OPTICS;85
6.2;IMPACT OF ANATOMY;89
6.3;IMPACT OF PHYSIOLOGY;93
6.3.1;Accommodation;93
6.3.2;Optical Instruments;95
6.3.3;Accommodation and Age;97
6.4;SEPARATION OF THE SENSES;98
6.4.1;Muscle and Temperature Senses;99
6.4.2;Movement Sense;100
6.5;VERTIGO;103
6.6;EMERGENT PHILOSOPHIES;107
6.7;EMERGENT EMPIRICAL METHODS;113
6.7.1;Binocular Color Combination;114
6.7.2;Size Perception;115
6.7.3;Color;116
6.8;SUMMARY;117
7;The Instrumental Revolution in the Nineteenth Century;120
7.1;STIMULUS CONTROL THE IMPACT OF PHYSICS;121
7.1.1;Motion;123
7.1.2;Depth;127
7.1.3;Time;129
7.2;ANATOMY;131
7.2.1;Structure of the Retina;133
7.2.2;Pathways to the Brain;136
7.3;SPATIAL ILLUSIONS;137
7.3.1;Illusions and the Origins of Experimental Psychology;138
7.3.2;Motion Aftereffects;139
7.4;SUMMARY;142
8;The Response Revolution in the Nineteenth Century;144
8.1;PHENOMENOLOGY;145
8.2;PSYCHOPHYSICS;147
8.3;REACTION TIME;151
8.4;SENSORY-MOTOR INTERACTIONS;154
8.5;EYE MOVEMENTS;156
8.5.1;Nystagmus;157
8.5.2;Saccades;159
8.5.3;Fixations;162
8.5.4;Reading;163
8.6;SUMMARY;166
9;The Fragmentation of the Senses in the Nineteenth Century;169
9.1;METHODS OF STIMULATING THE SENSES;170
9.2;SPECIFYING THE SENSES;171
9.2.1;Muscle Sense;172
9.2.2;Temperature Sense;175
9.2.3;Movement Sense;177
9.2.4;Specific Nerve Energies;181
9.3;SUBJECTIVE PHENOMENA;183
9.4;OBJECTIVE CORRELATES;187
9.5;SUMMARY;190
10;The Twentieth Century—The Multiplication of Illusion;192
10.1;THE DEVELOPMENTAL DIMENSION;193
10.1.1;Infant Vision;194
10.1.2;Visual Development;195
10.2;THE NEW PHYSIOLOGY;196
10.2.1;Feature Detectors;197
10.2.2;Two Visual Pathways;198
10.3;THE INFORMATION REVOLUTION;199
10.4;THE MACHINE METAPHOR;200
10.5;THE NEW IMAGE;203
10.6;THE NEW VERIDICALITY;205
10.7;ILLUSIONS AND VERIDICALITY;206
10.8;SUMMARY;207
11;Conclusions;209
12;References;213
13;Name Index;234
14;Subject Index;240