Since the UN Charter came into effect in 1945, there have been numerous incidents in which one or more of the five major powers (at least arguably) violated the Charter's Article 2(4) prohibition of force. Such incidents notwithstanding, this book demonstrates how the Charter restrains the major powers' military actions. As an instrument of international order, the Charter provides a framework of legal rules restricting the use of armed force. Although these rules are subject to auto-interpretation by the major powers (as a consequence of their veto), they create an expectation of compliance that subjects the major powers' military actions to international scrutiny. To reduce the likelihood of resistance from states threatened by such actions, major powers exercise prudential restraint, altering the manner and timing of their military actions in accordance with the legal arguments offered to justify those actions as consistent with the Charter and therefore not threatening to the existing international order. The book evaluates the efficacy of the Charter using large-N methods and five case studies: US intervention in the Caribbean, 1953–61; Anglo- French intervention in Egypt, 1956; Soviet intervention in Hungary, 1956; US–British intervention in Iraq, 1990–98; and US–British intervention in Iraq, 1999–2003. The book's extensive focus on the two Iraq cases provides a basis for timely evaluation of the continuing salience and possible reforms of the UN Charter system. This book will be of much interest to students of security studies, the UN, international law, and international relations.
Westra
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1. The functioning of the UN Charter as a restraint on military action 2. The UN Charter and legal argumentation 3. Persuasion, legitimation, and restraint 4. The impact of the UN Charter on US military intervention in the Caribbean region, 1953–61 5. The impact of the UN Charter on Anglo-French military intervention in Egypt, 1956 6. The impact of the UN Charter on Soviet military intervention in Hungary, 1956 7. The impact of the UN Charter on US–British military intervention in Iraq, 1990–98 8. The impact of the UN Charter on US–British military intervention in Iraq, 1999–2003 9. The continued salience of the UN Charter system. Appendix A: Case selection and methodology. Appendix B: Case coding. Appendix C: Case overview. Notes. References. Index.
Joel H. Westra is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Political Science at Calvin College in Grand Rapids, Michigan. he holds a PhD in Political Science from the University of Chicago.
