White / Black / Folkens Human Osteology

3. Auflage 2011
ISBN: 978-0-08-092085-6
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 688 Seiten

A classic in its field, Human Osteology has been used by students and professionals through nearly two decades. Now revised and updated for a third edition, the book continues to build on its foundation of detailed photographs and practical real-world application of science. New information, expanded coverage of existing chapters, and additional supportive photographs keep this book current and valuable for both classroom and field work. Osteologists, archaeologists, anatomists, forensic scientists and paleontologists will all find practical information on accurately identifying, recovering, and analyzing and reporting on human skeletal remains and on making correct deductions from those remains. - From the world renowned and bestselling team of osteologist Tim D. White, Michael T. Black and photographer Pieter A. Folkens - Includes hundreds of exceptional photographs in exquisite detail showing the maximum amount of anatomical information - Features updated and expanded coverage including forensic damage to bone and updated case study examples - Presents life sized images of skeletal parts for ease of study and reference

Autoren/Hrsg.

White, Tim D.

Black, Michael T.

Folkens, Pieter A.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Contents;6
2;Preface to the Third Edition;22
3;Preface to the Second Edition;24
4;Preface to the First Edition;26
5;Chapter 1:Introduction;28
5.1;1.1 Human Osteology;28
5.2;1.2 A Guide to the Text;29
5.3;1.3 Teaching Osteology;32
5.4;1.4 Resources for the Osteologist;33
5.5;1.5 Studying Osteology;33
5.6;1.6 Working with Human Bones;34
5.7;Suggested Further Readings;35
6;Chapter 2:Anatomical Terminology;38
6.1;2.1 Planes of Reference;38
6.2;2.2 Directional Terms;40
6.3;2.3 Motions of the Body;42
6.4;2.4 General Bone Features;43
6.5;2.5 UsefulPrefixes and Suffixes;45
6.6;2.6 Anatomical Regions;48
6.7;2.7 Shape-related Terms;49
6.8;Suggested Further Readings;50
7;Chapter 3:Bone Biology and Variation;52
7.1;3.1 Variation;52
7.2;3.2 A Few Facts about Bone;54
7.3;3.3 Bones as Elements of the Musculoskeletal System;55
7.4;3.4 Gross Anatomy of Bones;59
7.5;3.5 Molecular Structure of Bone;62
7.6;3.6 Histology and Metabolism of Bone;62
7.7;3.7 Bone Growth;64
7.8;3.8 Morphogenesis;66
7.9;3.9 Bone Repair;67
7.10;Suggested Further Readings;69
8;Chapter 4:Skull: Cranium and Mandible;70
8.1;4.1 Handling the Skull;78
8.2;4.2 Elements of the Skull;78
8.3;4.3 Growth and Architecture, Sutures and Sinuses;79
8.4;4.4 Skull Orientation;81
8.5;4.5 Craniometric Landmarks;81
8.6;4.6 Learning Cranial Skeletal Anatomy;86
8.7;4.7 Frontal;87
8.8;4.8 Parietals;91
8.9;4.9 Temporals;94
8.10;4.10 Auditory Ossicles;98
8.11;4.11 Occipital;98
8.12;4.12 Maxillae;102
8.13;4.13 Palatines;105
8.14;4.14 Vomer;106
8.15;4.15 Inferior Nasal Conchae;108
8.16;4.16 Ethmoid;109
8.17;4.17 Lacrimals;110
8.18;4.18 Nasals;111
8.19;4.19 Zygomatics;112
8.20;4.20 Sphenoid;114
8.21;4.21 Mandible;118
8.22;4.22 Measurements of the Skull: Craniometrics;123
8.23;4.23 Cranial Nonmetric Traits;124
8.24;4.24 Mastication;126
8.25;Suggested Further Readings;126
9;Chapter 5:Teeth;128
9.1;5.1 Dental Form and Function;129
9.2;5.2 Dental Terminology;130
9.3;5.3 Anatomy of a Tooth;131
9.4;5.4 Dental Development;134
9.5;5.5 ToothIdentification;136
9.6;5.6 To Which Category Does the Tooth Belong?;137
9.7;5.7 Is the Tooth Permanent or Deciduous?;139
9.8;5.8 Is the Tooth an Upper or a Lower?;141
9.9;5.9 What is the Position of the Tooth?;143
9.10;5.10 Is the Tooth from the Right or the Left Side?;148
9.11;5.11 Dental Measurements: Odontometrics;153
9.12;5.12 Dental Nonmetric Traits;154
9.13;Suggested Further Readings;154
10;Chapter 6:Hyoid and Vertebrae;156
10.1;6.1 Hyoid;156
10.2;6.2 General Characteristics of Vertebrae;158
10.3;6.3 CervicalVertebrae;163
10.4;6.4 Thoracic Vertebrae;166
10.5;6.5 Lumbar Vertebrae;170
10.6;6.6 Vertebral Measurements;173
10.7;6.7 Vertebral Nonmetric Traits;173
10.8;6.8 Functional Aspects of the Vertebrae;174
11;Chapter 7:Thorax: Sternum and Ribs;176
11.1;7.1 Sternum;176
11.2;7.2 Ribs;180
11.3;7.3 Functional Aspects of the Thoracic Skeleton;186
12;Chapter 8:Shoulder Girdle:Clavicle and Scapula;188
12.1;8.1 Clavicle;188
12.2;8.2 Scapula;192
12.3;8.3 Functional Aspects of the Shoulder Girdle;201
13;Chapter 9:Arm: Humerus, Radius, and Ulna;202
13.1;9.1 Humerus;202
13.2;9.2 Radius;211
13.3;9.3 Ulna;218
13.4;9.4 Functional Aspects of the Elbow and Wrist;224
14;Chapter 10: Hand: Carpals, Metacarpals,and Phalanges;226
14.1;10.1 Carpals;229
14.2;10.2 Metacarpals;236
14.3;10.3 Hand Phalanges;242
14.4;10.4 Functional Aspects of the Hand;245
15;Chapter 11:Pelvis: Sacrum, Coccyx, and Os Coxae;246
15.1;11.1 Sacrum;246
15.2;11.2 Coccyx;252
15.3;11.3 Os Coxae;253
15.4;11.4 Pelvis;264
15.5;11.5 Functional Aspects of the Pelvic Girdle;267
16;Chapter 12:Leg: Femur, Patella, Tibia, and Fibula;268
16.1;12.1 Femur;268
16.2;12.2 Patella;279
16.3;12.3 Tibia;281
16.4;12.4 Fibula;290
16.5;12.5 Functional Aspects of the Knee and Ankle;297
17;Chapter 13: Foot: Tarsals, Metatarsals,and Phalanges;298
17.1;13.1 Tarsals;303
17.2;13.2 Metatarsals;312
17.3;13.3 Foot Phalanges;318
17.4;13.4 Functional Aspects of the Foot;321
18;Chapter 14: Anatomical and BiomechanicalContext;322
18.1;14.1 Anatomical Conventions;322
18.2;14.2 Biomechanical Conventions;323
18.3;14.3 Interpreting the Figures;324
18.4;14.4 Cranium and Mandible;326
18.5;14.5 Clavicle;328
18.6;14.6 Humerus;330
18.7;14.7 Radius;332
18.8;14.8 Ulna;334
18.9;14.9 Os Coxae;336
18.10;14.10 Femur;338
18.11;14.11 Tibia;340
18.12;14.12 Fibula;342
18.13;Suggested Further Readings;343
19;Chapter 15: Field Procedures forSkeletal Remains;344
19.1;15.1 Search;345
19.2;15.2 Discovery;345
19.3;15.3 Excavation and Retrieval;346
19.4;15.4 Transport;355
19.5;Suggested Further Readings;356
20;Chapter 16:Laboratory Procedures and Reporting;358
20.1;16.1 Setting;358
20.2;16.2 Stabilization;359
20.3;16.3 Preparation;360
20.4;16.4 Restoration;363
20.5;16.5 Sorting;364
20.6;16.6 Metric Acquisition and Analysis;366
20.7;16.7 Photography;372
20.8;16.8 Radiography;376
20.9;16.9 Microscopy;377
20.10;16.10 Molding and Casting;378
20.11;16.11 Computing;379
20.12;16.12 Reporting;379
20.13;16.13 Curation;382
20.14;Suggested Further Readings;382
21;Chapter 17:Ethics in Osteology;384
21.1;17.1 Ethics and the Law;384
21.2;17.2 Respecting the Dead: Appropriate Individual Behavior;385
21.3;17.3 Speaking for the Dead: Ethics in Forensic Osteology;385
21.4;17.4 Caring for the Dead: Considerations in the Curation of Remains;388
21.5;17.5 Custody of the Dead: “Repatriation” and the U.S. Native American Graves Protection and RepatriationAct;389
21.6;17.6 Ethics in Human Paleontology;401
21.7;17.7 Relevant Codes of Ethics and Ethical Statements;402
21.8;Suggested Further Readings;403
22;Chapter 18: Assessment of Age, Sex, Stature, Ancestry, and Identity of theindividual;406
22.1;18.1 Accuracy, Precision, and Reliability of Determinations;407
22.2;18.2 From Known to Unknown: Using Standard Series;408
22.3;18.3 Estimation of Age;408
22.4;18.4 Determination of Sex;435
22.5;18.5 Estimation of Stature;445
22.6;18.6 Estimation of Ancestry;448
22.7;18.7 Identifying the Individual;452
22.8;Suggested Further Readings;453
23;Chapter 19:Osteological and Dental Pathology;456
23.1;19.1 Description and Diagnosis;457
23.2;19.2 Skeletal Trauma;460
23.3;19.3 Congenital Disorders;466
23.4;19.4 Circulatory Disorders;467
23.5;19.5 Joint Diseases;468
23.6;19.6 Infectious Diseases and Associated Manifestations;470
23.7;19.7 Metabolic Diseases;474
23.8;19.8 Endocrine Disorders;475
23.9;19.9 Hematopoietic and Hematological Disorders;475
23.10;19.10 Skeletal Dysplasias;477
23.11;19.11 Neoplastic Conditions;479
23.12;19.12 Diseases of the Dentition;481
23.13;19.13 Musculoskeletal Stress Markers;484
23.14;Suggested Further Readings;485
24;Chapter 20:Postmortem Skeletal Modification;486
24.1;20.1 Bone Fracture;487
24.2;20.2 Bone Modification by PhysicalAgents;489
24.3;20.3 BoneModification by Nonhuman Biological Agents;491
24.4;20.4 BoneModification by Humans;493
24.5;Suggested Further Readings;500
25;Chapter 21: The Biology of Skeletal Populations: Discrete Traits, Distance, Diet, Disease, and Demography;502
25.1;21.1 Nonmetric Variation;503
25.2;21.2 Estimating Biological Distance;507
25.3;21.3 Diet;509
25.4;21.4 Disease and Demography;512
25.5;Suggested Further Readings;516
26;Chapter 22:Molecular Osteology;518
26.1;22.1 Sampling;518
26.2;22.2 DNA;520
26.3;22.3 Amino Acids;523
26.4;22.4 Isotopes;524
26.5;Suggested Further Readings;524
27;Chapter 23: Forensic Case Study: Homicide: “We Have the Witnesses but NoBody”;526
27.1;23.1 A Disappearance in Cleveland;527
27.2;23.2 Investigation;527
27.3;23.3 Inventory;527
27.4;23.4Identification;528
27.5;23.5 Conclusion;531
28;Chapter 24: Forensic Case Study: Child Abuse, the Skeletal Perspective;534
28.1;24.1 Child Abuse and the Skeleton;534
28.2;24.2 A Missing Child Found;535
28.3;24.3 Analysis;535
28.4;24.4 The Result;539
29;Chapter 25: Archaeological Case Study: The Bioarchaeology of the StillwaterMarsh, Nevada;540
29.1;25.1 Background;540
29.2;25.2 Geography of the Carson Sink;541
29.3;25.3 Exposure and Recovery;542
29.4;25.4 Analysis;543
29.5;25.5Affinity;544
29.6;25.6 Osteoarthritis;544
29.7;25.7 Limb Shaft Cross-Sectional Anatomy;545
29.8;25.8 Physiological Stress;546
29.9;25.9 Dietary Reconstruction;546
29.10;25.10 The Future;546
30;Chapter 26: Archaeological Case Study: Anasazi Remains fromCottonwood Canyon;548
30.1;26.1 Cannibalism and Archaeology;548
30.2;26.2 Cottonwood Canyon Site 42SA12209;549
30.3;26.3 Discovery;550
30.4;26.4 Analysis;551
30.5;26.5 What Happened? The Osteological Contribution;556
31;Chapter 27: Paleontological Case Study: The Pit of theBones;560
31.1;27.1 Atapuerca;561
31.2;27.2 Discovery;562
31.3;27.3 Recovery;563
31.4;27.4 Paleodemography;565
31.5;27.5 Paleopathology;565
31.6;27.6 Functional and Phylogenetic Assessment;567
31.7;27.7 Continuing Mysteries;567
32;Chapter 28: Paleontological Case Study: “Ardi,” the Ardipithecus ramidus skeleton fromEthiopia;568
32.1;28.1 Background;568
32.2;28.2 Finding Fossils;570
32.3;28.3 The Geography, Geology, and Geochronology of Aramis;572
32.4;28.4 Discovering “Ardi”;573
32.5;28.5 Recovering “Ardi”;576
32.6;28.6 Restoring “Ardi”;581
32.7;28.7 Documenting “Ardi”;582
32.8;28.8 Studying “Ardi”;582
32.9;28.9 Publishing “Ardi”;584
33;Appendix 1: ImagingMethodology;586
34;Appendix 2: A Decision Tree (“Key”) Approach to ToothIdentification;590
35;Appendix 3: Online Resources forHuman Osteology;600
36;Glossary;604
37;Bibliography;620
38;Index;660