Buch, Englisch, 340 Seiten, Paperback, Format (B × H): 216 mm x 279 mm
Buch, Englisch, 340 Seiten, Paperback, Format (B × H): 216 mm x 279 mm
ISBN: 978-1-77338-043-8
Verlag: Canadian Scholars
Dealing with young people who come into conflict with the law is one of the most important parts of being a police officer. Now in its fourth edition, Youth in Conflict with the Law provides up-to-date analysis on how police handle young persons, while focusing on new and updated legislation, such as the Canadian Victims Bill of Rights, the Safe Streets and Communities Act, and the Child, Youth and Family Services Act. The authors include new material on issues of race, the Black Lives Matter movement, mental health, ethnicity, and social media.
The book encourages students to consider the problem of youth crime within social contexts, and to recognize the facts that lead youth to enter into conflict with the law. This resource is ideal for college police foundations students across Canada.
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Weitere Infos & Material
- FOREWORD
- PREFACE
- CHAPTER 1: OFFENDING BY YOUNG PEOPLE IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
- Introduction
- Young People and the Law
- Youth Crime as a Social Problem
- Responses to Youth Crime
- Institutional Responses
- Houses of Refuge
- Dissatisfaction with Institutions
- The Juvenile Court
- CHAPTER 2: LEGISLATION DEALING WITH YOUNG CANADIANS IN CONFLICT WITH THE LAW: A BRIEF HISTORY
- The Need for Context
- Challenges of Criminal Law
- The Role of Police
- The Early Years
- Legislative History
- The Introduction of the Criminal Code of Canada
- Responses to Youth Imprisonment
- Legislative Responses
- Ontario Children’s Protection Act
- The Juvenile Delinquents Act
- Canadian Division of Powers
- Expansion of Criminal Offences
- Reliance on Provincial Co-operation
- Creation of Juvenile Probation
- Criticism of Juvenile Delinquents Act
- The Young Offenders Act
- End of Status Offences
- Key Provisions of the Young Offenders Act
- Criticisms of the Young Offenders Act
- CHAPTER 3: CURRENT LEGISLATION RELATING TO YOUNG PEOPLE
- The Young Person and the Law
- Constitutional Framework
- Federal Powers
- Provincial Powers
- Delegation of Powers
- Doctrine of Paramountcy
- Incarceration
- The Criminal Code of Canada
- The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
- The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child
- The Child and Family Services Act
- The Youth Criminal Justice Act and the 2012 Amendments
- The 2012 Amendments: Safe Streets and Communities Act
- Overview of the YCJA and Its Key Provisions
- Provincial Legislation
- CHAPTER 4: YOUTH CRIME: HOW BIG A PROBLEM?
- Measuring Crime
- Official Statistics
- Self-report Statistics
- Victimization Surveys
- Other Procedures
- Processing Counts of Crime
- Statistics on Youth Offenders
- Demographics
- What Kinds of Crimes Do Young Offenders Commit?
- Gender and Crime
- What Impact Did the YCJA Have on Crime Rates?
- CHAPTER 5: PROTECTING YOUNG PEOPLE: CHILD AND FAMILY SERVICES ACT
- Introduction
- What Is the Purpose of the Child, Youth and Family Services Act?
- Definitions: To Whom Does This Act Apply?
- First Nations, Inuit, and Métis Children
- Functions of Children’s Aid Societies
- Apprehensions: Role and Responsibilities of the CAS
- Warrants and Apprehension
- Peace/Police Officer Powers
- Crown Wardship
- Youth Justice
- Detention Programs or Facilities
- Rights of Children and Young Persons in Care
- CHAPTER 6: ARRESTING AND QUESTIONING YOUNG PERSONS
- Arresting Young Persons
- Points to Consider
- Who Is a “Young Person”?
- Basic Rights of the Accused
- Arrest
- Questioning the Young Person
- Requirement for Proper Procedures
- How to Inform Young Persons of Their Rights
- Explanations Appropriate to the Young Person’s Age and Understanding
- Caution Examples
- Notification to Parents
- Notification of Appearance Notice or Summons
- Persons Under 12 Years of Age
- Duties of the Peace Officer
- Other Types of Apprehensions
- CHAPTER 7: EXTRAJUDICIAL MEASURES
- Extrajudicial Measures
- Appropriateness of Extrajudicial Measures
- Police
- Police Discretion
- Notes about Extrajudicial Measures
- Crown Prosecutors
- Types of Extrajudicial Measures
- Notes about Extrajudicial Measures
- Youth Justice Court
- What Happens to the Charge after Completion of the Extrajudicial Sanction?
- Looking Ahead
- Summary
- CHAPTER 8: PRE-TRIAL DETENTION AND PROCESSING
- Pre-trial Detention
- Grounds for Pre-trial Detention
- Local Policies and Procedures
- How the CCC Applies to the Arrest and Detention of Young Persons
- Appearance before a Judge: The Show-Cause Hearing
- Conditions of Release
- Temporary Restraint, Temporary Detention, Secondary Cautions, and Bail
- Temporary Restraint
- Temporary Detention
- Secondary Caution to Charged Person
- Bail Hearings and Release on Bail
- Records
- Fingerprinting and Photographing
- Police Records
- Government Records
- Other Records
- Period of Access
- Protection of Privacy
- Accessibility of Records
- Summary: Putting It Together
- Exercise 1: You Be the Judge
- Exercise 2: You Be the Judge
- CHAPTER 9: THE YOUTH JUSTICE COURT: THE TRIAL AND SENTENCING
- Jurisdiction: Youth Justice Court
- The Main Players
- Pre-trial and Trial Matters before the Court
- Stages and Phases in Court Proceedings
- How Does Youth Court Compare to Adult Court?
- Sentences
- Purpose and Principles of Sentencing
- Information Gathering: Determining What Is Best for the Youth
- Youth Sentencing Options
- In-court Sanctions
- Community-based Sanctions
- Statistics on Sentencing
- Custody and Supervision
- Exercise: You Be the Judge: A Case for Adult Sentences
- CHAPTER 10: CUSTODY AND SUPERVISION
- Custodial Provisions
- Levels of Custody
- Terms of Custody
- Youth Correctional Statistics in Canada
- Indigenous Youth
- Length of Stay
- Relationship Custody
- Extraordinary Measures While in Custody
- Review of Sentences
- Re-integrative Leave
- Conditional Supervision
- Custodial Alternatives
- Conclusion
- CHAPTER 11: THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM: ITS OBJECTIVES AND THE PLACE OF RESTORATIVE JUSTICE
- The Objectives of the Criminal Justice System
- Restraint
- Retribution
- Specific Deterrence
- General Deterrence
- Symbolism
- Rehabilitation
- Restitution
- Summary
- Youth Criminal Justice System
- Restraint
- Retribution
- Specific/Individual Deterrence
- General Deterrence
- Symbolism
- Rehabilitation
- Restitution
- Focus on Reintegration and Restoration
- Restorative Justice in Canada
- Restorative Justice: An Indigenous Tradition
- Restorative Justice and Youth in Conflict with the Law
- CHAPTER 12: INTERACTION: YOUNG PEOPLE AND THE POLICE
- Young People and the Police
- Attitudes Towards the Police
- Age
- Social Class
- Race and Ethnicity
- Misunderstanding
- Adversarial Contact
- Enhancing the Image
- Dealing with Young People
- Special Circumstances
- Child Endangerment
- Children Who Are Out of Control
- Young People with Mental Health Issues
- Dealing with Gangs
- Bullying and Cyberbullying: The Impact of Social Media
- How Social Media Is Transforming Youth Crime
- APPENDIX: YOUTH CRIMINAL JUSTICE ACT
- GLOSSARY
- REFERENCES
- INDEX
