Zaidi / Harper / Howse Building Evidence for Active Ageing Policies

Active Ageing Index and its Potential
1. Auflage 2018
ISBN: 978-981-10-6017-5
Verlag: Springer Nature Singapore
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 471 Seiten

Reihe: Progress in Mathematics

This book provides multinational evidence on active and healthy ageing. It generates authoritative new knowledge for mutual learning and policymaking in addressing challenges linked with population ageing. The authors discuss how to achieve better active ageing outcomes through appropriate policies including addressing life course determinants of active and healthy ageing. The chapters are distinctive in their focus on quantitative analysis of active and healthy ageing based on a first-of-its-kind composite measure, the Active Ageing Index developed during the 2012 European Year for Active Ageing and Solidarity between Generations. Contributors include researchers, civil service representatives, policymakers and other stakeholders from national, regional and European organisations. This edited volume provides a multidisciplinary resource for academics and policy makers in various areas of the social sciences, especially those studying population ageing and its consequences, economists, sociologists, social policy analysts and public health experts. 


Asghar Zaidi is Professor in International Social Policy at University of Southampton, UK, Visiting Professor at London School of Economics, UK and Senior Advisor at European Centre in Vienna, Austria.
Sarah Harper is Professor of Gerontology and Director of the Oxford Institute of Population Ageing at University of Oxford, UK.
Kenneth Howse is Senior Research Fellow at the Oxford Institute of Population Ageing, University of Oxford, UK.
Giovanni Lamura is a social gerontologist with an international and interdisciplinary background, and works at Italian National Institute of Health and Science on Ageing.
Jolanta Perek-Bialas is a graduate of Warsaw School of Economics, Poland, and currently works at the Institute of Statistics and Demography there.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Zaidi, Asghar

Harper, Sarah

Howse, Kenneth

Lamura, Giovanni

Perek-Bialas, Jolanta

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Contents;5
2;List of Figures;9
3;List of Tables;15
4;1: Towards an Evidence-Based Active Ageing Strategy;20
4.1;1.1 Introduction;20
4.2;1.2 Use of AAI for Policymaking;23
4.3;1.3 Subnational Adaptations of the AAI;25
4.4;1.4 Comparative Analysis of Active Ageing;27
4.5;1.5 Methodological Improvements in Measuring Active Ageing;28
4.6;1.6 Use of Active Ageing Index in Non-EU Countries;30
4.7;References;32
5;Part I: Building Evidence for Active Ageing Policies Active Ageing Index and its Potential;35
5.1;2: Are Societies with a High Value on the Active Ageing Index More Age Integrated?;36
5.1.1;2.1 Background;36
5.1.2;2.2 Conditions for Cross-age Interaction;38
5.1.2.1;2.2.1 Laws and Policies;38
5.1.2.2;2.2.2 Settings;39
5.1.2.3;2.2.3 Controls;40
5.1.3;2.3 Cross-age Interaction and Ageism;40
5.1.4;2.4 Method;41
5.1.4.1;2.4.1 Data;41
5.1.4.2;2.4.2 Measures;41
5.1.4.3;2.4.3 Analytical Strategy;43
5.1.5;2.5 Results;44
5.1.5.1;2.5.1 AAI and Settings Enabling Cross-age Interactions;44
5.1.5.2;2.5.2 Determinants of Cross-age Friendships;46
5.1.5.3;2.5.3 Cross-age Friendship and Ageism;50
5.1.6;2.6 Conclusion;50
5.1.7;References;53
5.2;3: The Expected, Evaluated, Perceived, Valued and Prevalent Social Roles of Older People: Are They by Consent?;55
5.2.1;3.1 Introduction;55
5.2.2;3.2 The Demography-Related Context and Roles Older People Are Expected to Play in Actively Ageing Societies;56
5.2.3;3.3 Social Roles in Higher Age;57
5.2.3.1;3.3.1 The Active Ageing Index as an Evaluation of Role Performance on the National Level;57
5.2.3.2;3.3.2 Roles to Play: As “Society” Sees It;58
5.2.3.3;3.3.3 Preferred Roles: From the Perspective of Older People Themselves;61
5.2.4;3.4 Expected, Evaluated, Perceived and Valued Roles: Are They by Consent?;62
5.2.5;3.5 Roles Played;64
5.2.6;3.6 Conclusions and Discussion;64
5.2.7;References;69
5.3;4: The Active Ageing Index (AAI) and its Relation to the Quality of Life of Older Adults;71
5.3.1;4.1 Introduction;71
5.3.2;4.2 Methods, Data and Variables;74
5.3.3;4.3 Results;76
5.3.4;4.4 Discussion;84
5.3.5;References;87
5.4;5: Complementing AAI at the Meso Level: The Silver Work Index;91
5.4.1;5.1 Introduction;91
5.4.2;5.2 Theoretical Background;93
5.4.3;5.3 Method;95
5.4.3.1;5.3.1 Procedure and Participants;95
5.4.3.2;5.3.2 Qualitative Data Analysis;96
5.4.4;5.4 Results;97
5.4.5;5.5 Discussion and Implications;104
5.4.5.1;5.5.1 Implications;106
5.4.5.2;5.5.2 Limitations and Future Research;107
5.4.6;References;108
6;Part II: Subnational Adaptations of the AAI;111
6.1;6: The Active Ageing Index in a Southern European Region (Biscay): Main Results and Potentials for Policymaking;112
6.1.1;6.1 Introduction;112
6.1.2;6.2 Methodology;113
6.1.2.1;6.2.1 Calculation of the AAI Through a Combined Methodology: Primary and Secondary Data;114
6.1.3;6.3 Results;115
6.1.4;6.4 Conclusions;121
6.1.4.1;6.4.1 What Is the Position of Biscay in Relation to Other Countries in the European Union?;121
6.1.4.2;6.4.2 What Are the Methodological Challenges and Limitations for the Calculation of AAI at Subregional Level?;122
6.1.4.3;6.4.3 Current Limitations and Future Proposals for Advancing with the AAI;123
6.1.5;Appendix 1. Data Sources, Years and Sample Sizes for Each Indicator of the AAI (2012–2014);124
6.1.6;Appendix 2. Results in Biscay, EU28 Average and Each EU Country by Domain;127
6.1.6.1;Employment;127
6.1.6.2;Participation in Society;127
6.1.6.3;Independent and Secure Living;128
6.1.6.4;Capacity for Active Ageing;128
6.1.7;References;129
6.2;7: Evaluating Socio-economic Impact of Age-Friendly Environments;131
6.2.1;7.1 Introduction;131
6.2.2;7.2 Methodology;134
6.2.3;7.3 Results: The SEE-IT;135
6.2.3.1;7.3.1 Step 1: Aim of the SEE-IT;137
6.2.3.2;7.3.2 Step 2: Scope of the SEE-IT;138
6.2.3.3;7.3.3 Step 3: Assessing Impacts;140
6.2.3.4;7.3.4 Step 4: Interpreting/Conclusions;144
6.2.3.5;7.3.5 Step 5: Presenting Results;144
6.2.4;7.4 Discussion and Conclusions;144
6.2.5;References;149
6.3;8: The Active Ageing Index: A Tool to Develop the Strategy of Active Ageing in the Basque Country (Spain);153
6.3.1;8.1 Introduction;153
6.3.2;8.2 Research Context;155
6.3.3;8.3 Objectives;157
6.3.4;8.4 Methodology;158
6.3.5;8.5 Results;161
6.3.6;8.6 Discussion;168
6.3.7;8.7 Conclusions;174
6.3.8;Scores of the Active Ageing Index (AAI) and its domains in the Basque Country, Spain, and the 28 countries of the European Union (EU-28);175
6.3.9;References;176
6.4;9: Greying Italy Across Time, Space, and Gender;180
6.4.1;9.1 Introduction;180
6.4.2;9.2 Results;182
6.4.2.1;9.2.1 Domain 1: Employment;182
6.4.2.2;9.2.2 Domain 2: Participation in Society;186
6.4.2.3;9.2.3 Domain 3: Independent, Healthy, and Secure Living;189
6.4.2.4;9.2.4 Domain 4: Capacity for Active Ageing;189
6.4.3;9.3 Overall Value of AAI;194
6.4.4;9.4 Conclusions;198
6.4.5;References;201
7;Part III: Comparative Analysis of Active Ageing;203
7.1;10: Differences in Active Ageing Index in Eastern European Countries: A Comparison of Poland and the Czech Republic;204
7.1.1;10.1 Introduction;204
7.1.2;10.2 Background Information;207
7.1.2.1;10.2.1 Demographic Situation in Poland and the Czech Republic;207
7.1.2.2;10.2.2 Active Aging Policies in Poland and the Czech Republic;208
7.1.3;10.3 Active Ageing Index;208
7.1.4;10.4 Results;209
7.1.4.1;10.4.1 Difference in the AAI in the Czech Republic and Poland;209
7.1.4.2;10.4.2 Economic Performance;211
7.1.4.3;10.4.3 Employment;211
7.1.4.4;10.4.4 Participation in Society;213
7.1.4.5;10.4.5 Independent, Healthy and Secure Living;215
7.1.5;10.5 Discussion and Policy Implications;216
7.1.6;References;218
7.2;11: Ageing in a Multicultural Europe: Perspectives and Challenges;221
7.2.1;11.1 Introduction;221
7.2.2;11.2 Methodology;224
7.2.3;11.3 Results;225
7.2.3.1;11.3.1 First Domain: Employment;225
7.2.3.2;11.3.2 Second Domain: Participation in Society;227
7.2.3.3;11.3.3 Third Domain: Independent, Healthy and Secure Living;230
7.2.3.4;11.3.4 Fourth Domain: Capacity and Enabling Environment for Active Ageing;232
7.2.3.5;11.3.5 Overall Index;234
7.2.4;11.4 Conclusion and Discussion;236
7.2.5;Appendix;238
7.2.6;References;245
7.3;12: Estimating Weights for the Active Ageing Index (AAI) from Stated Preferences: Proposal for a Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE);248
7.3.1;12.1 Introduction;248
7.3.2;12.2 Estimating Preference-based Weights for the AAI;250
7.3.3;12.3 Designing a DCE to Estimate Preference-­based AAI Weights;253
7.3.3.1;12.3.1 Problem Definition: Characterising the Choice Decision;254
7.3.3.2;12.3.2 Identifying Attributes and Attribute Levels;255
7.3.3.3;12.3.3 Experimental Design and Construction of Choice Sets;256
7.3.3.4;12.3.4 Questionnaire Development and Model Estimation;259
7.3.4;12.4 Discussion and Conclusion;260
7.3.5;References;262
8;Part IV: Methodological Improvements in Measuring Active Ageing;268
8.1;13: A Cross-country and Cohort Analysis of Active Ageing Differences Among the Elderly in Europe;269
8.1.1;13.1 Introduction;269
8.1.2;13.2 The Active Ageing Index;271
8.1.3;13.3 Analysis of Cohorts;278
8.1.3.1;13.3.1 Disentangling the AAI;278
8.1.3.2;13.3.2 Explaining Country Differences;286
8.1.4;13.4 Conclusions;295
8.1.5;Appendix;296
8.1.6;References;301
8.2;14: Active Ageing Typologies: A Latent Class Analysis of the Older Europeans;303
8.2.1;14.1 Introduction;303
8.2.2;14.2 Data;306
8.2.3;14.3 Method;308
8.2.4;14.4 Results;309
8.2.4.1;14.4.1 Descriptive Results;309
8.2.4.2;14.4.2 LCA Analysis;310
8.2.5;14.5 Concluding Remarks;314
8.2.6;Appendix;316
8.2.7;References;317
8.3;15: How Relevant is Active Ageing? Evidence from Portugal;320
8.3.1;15.1 Introduction;320
8.3.2;15.2 Literature Review;322
8.3.3;15.3 Data Source and Methodology;324
8.3.4;15.4 The Individual Active Ageing Index;327
8.3.4.1;15.4.1 The Determinants of Active Ageing;332
8.3.5;15.5 Conclusions;333
8.3.6;Annex 1;335
8.3.7;Annex 2;337
8.3.8;Annex 3;340
8.3.9;Annex 4;341
8.3.10;References;346
8.4;16: Study on Active Ageing at Individual Level Based on Active Ageing Index;349
8.4.1;16.1 Introduction;349
8.4.2;16.2 Method;352
8.4.2.1;16.2.1 Design;352
8.4.2.2;16.2.2 Participants;352
8.4.2.3;16.2.3 Variables and Instrument;352
8.4.2.4;16.2.4 Procedure;356
8.4.3;16.3 Results;356
8.4.4;16.4 Discussion;363
8.4.5;References;365
9;Part V: Use of Active Ageing Index in Non-EU Countries;368
9.1;17: Comparative Study of Active Ageing in China and the EU Countries;369
9.1.1;17.1 Introduction;369
9.1.2;17.2 Data: China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study;371
9.1.3;17.3 AAI and Four Domains in China;373
9.1.3.1;17.3.1 Employment;376
9.1.3.2;17.3.2 Participation in Society;377
9.1.3.3;17.3.3 Independent, Healthy and Secure Living;378
9.1.3.4;17.3.4 Capacity and Enabling Environment for Active Ageing;379
9.1.4;17.4 Policy Implications;381
9.1.4.1;17.4.1 Employment of the Older Population in China;382
9.1.4.2;17.4.2 The Old-Age Security System in China;383
9.1.4.3;17.4.3 Challenges and Policy Recommendations;384
9.1.5;17.5 Conclusion and Future Work;385
9.1.6;References;386
9.2;18: Quality of Life of the Elderly and Applicability of the Active Ageing Index to Latin American Countries;389
9.2.1;18.1 Introduction;389
9.2.2;18.2 Methods;391
9.2.2.1;18.2.1 Data Sources;391
9.2.2.2;18.2.2 Quality of Life of the Elderly Index;392
9.2.2.3;18.2.3 Active Ageing Index;397
9.2.3;18.3 Results;397
9.2.3.1;18.3.1 Quality of Life of the Elderly Index;397
9.2.3.2;18.3.2 Applicability of the AAI to Latin America;400
9.2.3.2.1;18.3.2.1 First Domain: Employment;400
9.2.3.2.2;18.3.2.2 Second Domain: Participation in Society;401
9.2.3.2.3;18.3.2.3 Third Domain: Independent, Healthy and Secure Living;402
9.2.3.2.4;18.3.2.4 Fourth Domain: Capacity and Enabling Environment for Active Ageing;403
9.2.4;18.4 Discussion;404
9.2.5;Appendix 1;406
9.2.6; Appendix 2;408
9.2.7;References;410
9.3;19: Active Ageing Index: A Russian Study;412
9.3.1;19.1 Introduction;412
9.3.2;19.2 Method;415
9.3.3;19.3 Results;415
9.3.3.1;19.3.1 Employment of Older People;420
9.3.3.2;19.3.2 Participation in Society;421
9.3.3.3;19.3.3 Independent and Secure Living of Older People;424
9.3.3.4;19.3.4 Capacity and Enabling Environment for Active Ageing;426
9.3.4;19.4 Russian Regions;427
9.3.5;19.5 Discussion and Conclusion;433
9.3.6;References;436
9.4;20: Active Ageing Index (AAI) in India: Is the Approach Used in European Countries Applicable to Developing Countries?;439
9.4.1;20.1 Introduction;439
9.4.2;20.2 Background and Context of Ageing in India;441
9.4.2.1;20.2.1 Ageing and Ageism in India;441
9.4.2.2;20.2.2 Ageism in India;443
9.4.3;20.3 The Active Ageing Framework and Index;445
9.4.3.1;20.3.1 The WHO Active Ageing Framework and the Emergence of the AAI;445
9.4.3.2;20.3.2 Domains of Active Ageing Index in the Indian Context;447
9.4.3.3;20.3.3 Critical Evaluation of the Construction of the Active Ageing Index;448
9.4.4;20.4 Data Source and Methodology;448
9.4.5;20.5 Results and Discussion;451
9.4.5.1;20.5.1 Overall and Domain-Specific AAI by State and Gender;451
9.4.5.2;20.5.2 Comparison of the AAI Indian Score with European Scores;454
9.4.5.3;20.5.3 Applicability of the AAI in Indian Setting;456
9.4.5.3.1;20.5.3.1 Employment in Later Life in India and Its Contribution to the AAI;456
9.4.5.3.2;20.5.3.2 Intergenerational Support in India;458
9.4.5.3.3;20.5.3.3 Unmet Need for Health Care in Later Life;460
9.4.6;20.6 Summary and Conclusion;461
9.4.7;References;462
10;Index;466