Zhang / Ceccarelli Explorations in the History and Heritage of Machines and Mechanisms

Proceedings of the 2018 HMM IFToMM Symposium on History of Machines and Mechanisms
1. Auflage 2018
ISBN: 978-3-030-03538-9
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band 37, 355 Seiten

Reihe: History of Mechanism and Machine Science

This is the proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on History of Machines and Mechanisms that was held in Beijing, China, in September 2018.  The Symposium provided an international forum for presenting and discussing historical developments in the field of Machine and Mechanism Science (MMS). Special sections focused on the following topics:  .       modern reviews of past works  ·       engineers in history, and their works  ·       direct memories of the recent past  ·       the development of theories  ·       the history of the design of machines and mechanisms  ·       development of automation and robots  ·       the development of teaching of MMS  ·       the schools and institutes of mechanical engineering  ·       the heritage of machines and mechanisms

Autoren/Hrsg.

Zhang, Baichun

Ceccarelli, Marco

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;6
2;Contents;8
3;Engineers and Their Stories;11
4;Mechanics (Machines) in Ishaq Efendi, the Chief Instructor of Military School in the Ottomans;12
4.1;Abstract;12
4.2;1 Introduction;12
4.3;2 Mechanics in Mecmua-i Ulûm-? Riyâziye;13
4.4;3 Conclusion;24
4.5;References;25
5;Giuseppe Ceredi. A Hydraulic Engineer in 16th-Century Italy;26
5.1;Abstract;26
5.2;1 Introduction;26
5.3;2 Ceredi, 16th-Century Mechanician, Philosopher and Historian;27
5.4;3 The Cochlea: Ceredi’s Patent?;29
5.5;4 Conclusions;35
5.6;References;35
6;The Innovation Process of the First Curved Mold Caster in China;37
6.1;Abstract;37
6.2;1 Introduction;37
6.3;2 Design and Test Process for Xu Baosheng’s Curved Mold Caster;38
6.3.1;2.1 Design Process of Curved Mold Caster;38
6.3.2;2.2 Pilot Test Process and Industrial Production;40
6.3.2.1;2.2.1 Pilot Test (1960);40
6.3.2.2;2.2.2 Industrial Trial (1964–1967);41
6.3.2.3;2.2.3 Industrial Production (After 1967);42
6.4;3 From Comparison to Innovation: Design of the Mode Vibration Mechanism;43
6.4.1;3.1 Choice of Vibration Mode: Composite Vibration Mode;43
6.4.2;3.2 Design of the Vibration Mechanism: From Rocker Arm to Differential Gear Type;44
6.4.3;3.3 Characteristic of the Differential Gear Type Vibration Mechanism;46
6.5;4 Spread of Curved Mold Caster Technology in China;47
6.6;5 Conclusions;48
6.7;Acknowledgments;48
6.8;References;49
7;Shen Hong: A Legendary Engineer of China’s Modern Machinery Industry;50
7.1;Abstract;50
7.2;1 Introduction;50
7.3;2 From an Apprentice to the Chief Engineer;51
7.4;3 Chief Designer of the Shanghai 120 MN Hydraulic Press;52
7.5;4 Chief Designer of the NGI;55
7.6;5 From Vice Minister to Editor-in-Chief;58
7.7;6 Conclusion;59
7.8;Acknowledgments;59
7.9;References;60
8;Jan Oderfeld (1908–2010): Retrospective Memories of the Past;62
8.1;Abstract;62
8.2;1 The Beginning of My Adventure with TMM;62
8.3;2 My First Meeting;64
8.4;3 Almost 50 Years Have Passed;67
8.5;4 Difficult Years;68
8.6;5 Parting with TMM;71
8.7;References;72
9;An Overview on the Studies of the History of Machinery in China;73
9.1;Abstract;73
9.2;1 Initiation;73
9.3;2 Developments;76
9.4;3 Concluding Remarks;81
9.5;References;81
10;History of Machine Design;83
11;History of Human Powered Oil Expeller: A Literature Review;84
11.1;Abstract;84
11.2;1 Introduction;84
11.2.1;1.1 Materials and Methods;85
11.3;2 Results and Discussion;85
11.3.1;2.1 Indigenous Methods (Traditional Domestic Methods);85
11.3.2;2.2 Ghanis;86
11.3.2.1;2.2.1 Comparative Performance of Ghanis Used for Expelling;87
11.3.3;2.3 Mechanical Presses;88
11.3.4;2.4 Powered Expellers;90
11.3.5;2.5 Solvent Extraction;91
11.4;3 Overview Oilseed Processing Technologies;92
11.5;4 Design of the Human Powered Oil Expeller;93
11.5.1;4.1 Description of the Human Powered Oil Expeller;93
11.5.2;4.2 Operation of the Human Powered Oil Expeller;93
11.6;5 Results and Discussion;94
11.7;6 Conclusions;94
11.8;Acknowledgments;95
11.9;References;95
12;Literature Review on the Developments of Rice Milling Machines;96
12.1;Abstract;96
12.2;1 Introduction;96
12.3;2 Methods of Rice Milling;97
12.4;3 Traditional Method;97
12.4.1;3.1 Mortar and Pestle;97
12.4.2;3.2 Vietnam Pestle;97
12.5;4 Mechanical Method;98
12.5.1;4.1 Huller & Sheller Mills;99
12.5.2;4.2 Sheller - Polishing Mills;101
12.6;5 Pedal Powered Rice Mill;105
12.7;6 Discussions;106
12.8;Acknowledgments;106
12.9;References;106
13;Modeling an Antique Grinding Mill of Guanajuato Silver Mines;108
13.1;Abstract;108
13.2;1 Introduction;108
13.3;2 Silver Extraction Process;110
13.3.1;2.1 Description of the Silver Process;112
13.4;3 Grinding Mill (“Tahona” or “Arrastre”);112
13.4.1;3.1 Simulation of the Grinding Process;113
13.5;4 Dynamic Models;115
13.6;5 Results;117
13.7;6 Conclusions;118
13.8;References;119
14;The Hydraulic Tilt Hammer in Ancient China;120
14.1;Abstract;120
14.2;1 The Battery of Hydraulic Tilt Hammers ???;120
14.3;2 The Spoon Tilt Hammer ??;125
14.4;3 Ship Tilt Hammer ??;126
14.5;4 Conclusion;128
14.6;References;128
15;Reconstruction and Analysis of Zhan’s Sand Clock in the 14th Century;130
15.1;Abstract;130
15.2;1 Introduction;130
15.3;2 Literature Survey;132
15.4;3 Mechanical Analysis;134
15.5;4 Reconstruction and Testing;136
15.5.1;4.1 Density and Granule Size of Sand;137
15.5.2;4.2 Area of the Outlet Hole;137
15.5.3;4.3 The Dimension of Sand Wheel;137
15.5.4;4.4 Lubricating;138
15.5.5;4.5 Load from Gear Train and Striking Puppets;138
15.6;5 Conclusions;140
15.7;Acknowledgements;140
15.8;References;140
16;Exploration of Ancient Machinery: From Reconstruction Research to Exhibition and Science Education;141
16.1;Abstract;141
16.2;1 Introduction;141
16.3;2 A Promotion Concept of Reconstruction Research of Ancient Machinery;142
16.4;3 Example 1: Traditional Chinese Locks;143
16.4.1;3.1 Structural Analyses;143
16.4.2;3.2 Exhibitions in the Museum;146
16.5;4 Example 2: Antikythera Astronomical Device;146
16.5.1;4.1 Reconstruction Research;148
16.5.2;4.2 Workshops in the Museum;148
16.6;5 Conclusions;149
16.7;Acknowledgments;150
16.8;References;150
17;Relationships Between Paper Mills and Technological Evolution of Paper Production;151
17.1;Abstract;151
17.2;1 Introduction;151
17.3;2 Papermaking Guidelines;152
17.4;3 Analysis of Development Factors in the Territory of South Lazio;154
17.5;4 An Example of Paper Mill Development: The Paper Mill of Atina;155
17.6;5 Conclusions;165
17.7;Acknowledgments;165
17.8;References;165
18;Light Drawings: Representation and Design;167
18.1;Abstract;167
18.2;1 Introduction;167
18.2.1;1.1 The Manuscript;168
18.3;2 Referencing;174
18.4;3 Conclusions;177
18.5;References;178
19;Ancient Mechanisms;179
20;Mechanisms in Heron’s Automata as Technological Transfer and Cultural Means;180
20.1;Abstract;180
20.2;1 Introduction;180
20.3;2 Biographical Notes and Works;181
20.4;3 Heron’s Designs as Technological Transfer;182
20.5;4 Heron’s Automaton Mechanisms as Cultural Means;184
20.6;5 Conclusions;190
20.7;References;190
21;Analysis and Reconstruction of a Platform with Ball Bearings in Roman Ships of Nemi Lake;192
21.1;Abstract;192
21.2;1 Introduction;192
21.3;2 The Archaeological Remains;193
21.4;3 Analysis of Ball Bearings;196
21.5;4 A Reconstruction of Ball Bearing Usage;200
21.6;5 Conclusions;201
21.7;Acknowledgments;202
21.8;References;202
22;Application and Influence of Flap Valve Mechanism on Ancient Bellows;204
22.1;Abstract;204
22.2;1 Introduction;204
22.3;2 Primitive Blowers;205
22.3.1;2.1 Blowpipe;205
22.3.2;2.2 The Original Skins Blowers;205
22.4;3 The Emergence and Application of Bellows Equipped with Flap Valves;207
22.4.1;3.1 The Manually-Operated Skins Blowers;207
22.4.2;3.2 The Skins Bellows Equipped with Flap Valve;208
22.4.3;3.3 Piston Bellows and Its Flap Valves;210
22.5;4 Double-Acting Piston Bellows;213
22.6;5 Conclusion;215
22.7;Acknowledgments;216
22.8;References;216
23;Historical and Technological Study of the 26 and 30 Mechanisms of “The Book of Secrets” by Ibn Khalaf al-Muradi;218
23.1;Abstract;218
23.2;1 Introduction;218
23.3;2 The Book of Secrets;219
23.4;3 Figure 26. Mechanical Well;220
23.5;4 Figure 30. The Clock of the Small Stones;222
23.6;5 Geometric Modeling;224
23.6.1;5.1 Figure 26. Mechanical Well;224
23.6.2;5.2 Figure 30. The Clock of the Small Stones;225
23.7;6 Assembly;227
23.8;7 Analysis;227
23.8.1;7.1 Figure 30. The Clock of the Small Stones;228
23.8.2;7.2 Figure 26. Mechanical Well;228
23.9;8 Three-Dimensional Reconstruction;229
23.10;9 Conclusions;230
23.11;References;231
24;The Astrolabe: A Mechanism for Reading the Stars;232
24.1;Abstract;232
24.2;1 Introduction;232
24.3;2 Brief History of the Astrolabe;234
24.4;3 How It Is Made;236
24.5;4 The Fundamental Projective Principles of the Astrolabe;240
24.6;5 Conclusions;246
24.7;References;247
25;Mathematical Instruments Used in the Military Engineering Academies of the Ottomans;248
25.1;Abstract;248
25.2;1 Introduction;248
25.3;2 Instruments Used in the Military Engineering Academies;251
25.4;3 Conclusion;262
25.5;References;263
26;History of Modern Technology;264
27;Transfer of Modern High Draft Technology to China;265
27.1;Abstract;265
27.2;1 Introduction;265
27.3;2 Transfer of Modern High Draft Technology to China;266
27.3.1;2.1 High Draft System Designed and Innovated by Chinese People Before the Anti-Japanese War;266
27.3.2;2.2 The Research and Application of High Draft by Chinese People During the Anti-Japanese War;268
27.3.3;2.3 Development of High Draft System in China After the Victory of the Anti-Japanese War;271
27.4;3 Reasons for Sound Development of High Draft Technology in China;273
27.5;4 Conclusions;274
27.6;References;274
28;A Brief Introduction to the Steam Locomotives Made in China;276
28.1;Abstract;276
28.2;1 Introduction;276
28.3;2 From Repair and Assembly to Imitation;276
28.3.1;2.1 The General Situation of Railway Construction Before the 1950s in China;276
28.3.2;2.2 The Steam Locomotive Designed and Manufactured by C. W. Kinder;277
28.3.3;2.3 The Steam Locomotive Patterned in the Dalian Plant;278
28.4;3 The Manufacture of Locomotive;279
28.4.1;3.1 The Mikado1 Freight Steam Locomotive;279
28.4.2;3.2 The “Jiefang” Freight Steam Locomotive;279
28.4.3;3.3 The “Jianshe” Freight Steam Locomotive;279
28.4.4;3.4 The Manufacture of Steam Locomotive in the Northeast China During the Period of Manchurian Regime;280
28.4.5;3.5 The Pacific7 Passenger Steam Locomotive;280
28.4.6;3.6 The Pacific6 Passenger Steam Locomotive;281
28.4.7;3.7 The “Shengli” Passenger Steam Locomotive;281
28.4.8;3.8 The “Renmin” Passenger Steam Locomotive;282
28.5;4 The Development of Manufacturing Technology;283
28.5.1;4.1 The “Heping” Freight Steam Locomotive;283
28.5.2;4.2 The “Qianjin” Freight Steam Locomotive;284
28.6;5 Conclusions;285
28.7;References;286
29;From the Unimate to the Delta Robot: The Early Decades of Industrial Robotics;288
29.1;Abstract;288
29.2;1 Introduction;288
29.3;2 The Dawn of Industrial Robotics: Devon, Engelberger and the Unimate Robot;290
29.4;3 From Hydraulic to Electric Robots: Scheinman, the Stanford Arm and the PUMA Robot;292
29.5;4 The Robotic Boom of the 1980’s;295
29.6;5 From Serial to Parallel Kinematics: The Delta Robot;297
29.7;6 Conclusions;298
29.8;References;298
30;Towards GIM, the Global Intelligent Machine;300
30.1;Abstract;300
30.2;1 Introduction;300
30.3;2 Waves of Industrial Revolution;301
30.4;3 Hybrid Machines;302
30.5;4 The Internet;305
30.6;5 Artificial Intelligence;305
30.7;6 The Internet of Things;306
30.8;7 The Rise of GIM, the Global Intelligent Machine;307
30.9;8 Industry 4.0;307
30.10;9 Examples;308
30.11;10 GIM Is Growing Fast;309
30.12;11 GIM as an Object of Investigation;310
30.13;12 Cybercrime;311
30.14;13 Concluding Remarks;312
30.15;References;313
31;Historical Development of BHR Humanoid Robots;314
31.1;Abstract;314
31.2;1 Introduction;314
31.3;2 Preliminary Work;315
31.4;3 The BHR-1 Design;316
31.5;4 The BHR Series;318
31.6;5 Achievements and Open Issues;322
31.7;6 Conclusions;326
31.8;References;327
32;Teaching Wonder (From 3rd Century BCE to 21st Century CE);328
32.1;Abstract;328
32.2;1 Introduction;328
32.3;2 Training in Alexandria;329
32.3.1;2.1 Philon;329
32.3.2;2.2 Heron;333
32.4;3 Teaching Style in Alexandria;336
32.5;4 Learning Robotics in the 21st Century;338
32.5.1;4.1 Improving STEM Skills with Robotics in the 21st Century;338
32.5.2;4.2 Improving ProtoSTEM Skills in the 1st Century;339
32.6;5 Conclusions;339
32.7;References;340
33;The Scientific Background of the Russian Revolution and Some Origins of TMM;342
33.1;Abstract;342
33.2;1 Introduction;342
33.3;2 Russian Science in the Eighteenth Century;343
33.3.1;2.1 Science in the Peter the Great Period;343
33.3.2;2.2 The Foundation of the Academy of Science;344
33.3.3;2.3 Great Scientists in the Eighteenth Century;346
33.4;3 Russian Science in the Nineteenth Century;348
33.4.1;3.1 Great Scientists in Nineteenth Century;349
33.5;4 Final Remarks and Conclusion;352
33.6;References;352
34;Author Index;354