Neuroimaging in Addiction

1. Auflage 2011
ISBN: 978-0-470-66014-0
Verlag: Wiley

Buch, Englisch, 372 Seiten, Format (B × H): 170 mm x 249 mm, Gewicht: 885 g

Neuroimaging in Addiction presents an up-to-date, comprehensive review of the functional and structural imaging human studies that have greatly advanced our understanding of this complex disorder. Approaching addiction from a conceptual rather than a substance-specific perspective, this book integrates broad neuropsychological constructs that consider addiction as a neuroplastic process with genetic, developmental, and substance-induced contributions.

The internationally recognized contributors to this volume are leaders in clinical imaging with expertise that spans the addiction spectrum.

Following a general introduction, an overview of neural circuitry and modern non-invasive imaging techniques provides the framework for subsequent chapters on reward salience, craving, stress, impulsivity and cognition. Additional topics include the use of neuroimaging for the assessment of acute drug effects, drug-induced neurotoxicity, non-substance addictive behaviors, and the application of imaging genetics to identify unique intermediate phenotypes. The book concludes with an exploration of the future promise for functional imaging as guide to the diagnosis and treatment of addictive disorders.

Scientists and clinicians will find the material in this volume invaluable in their work towards understanding the addicted brain, with the overall goal of improved prevention and treatment outcomes for patients.

Features a Foreword by Edythe London, Director of the Center for Addictive Behaviors, University of California at Los Angeles.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Adinoff, Bryon

Stein, Elliot A

Fachgebiete

• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Medizinische Fachgebiete Bildgebende Verfahren, Nuklearmedizin, Strahlentherapie Neuroradiologie
• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Medizinische Fachgebiete Neuropharmakologie, Psychopharmakologie
• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Medizinische Fachgebiete Bildgebende Verfahren, Nuklearmedizin, Strahlentherapie Radiologie, Bildgebende Verfahren
• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Medizinische Fachgebiete Psychiatrie, Sozialpsychiatrie, Suchttherapie
• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Klinische und Innere Medizin Neurologie, Klinische Neurowissenschaft

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Foreword xi
Edythe D. London

List of Contributors xv

1 Introduction 3
Bryon Adinoff and Elliot A. Stein

References 5

2 An Integrated Framework for Human Neuroimaging Studies of Addiction from a Preclinical Perspective 9
Karen D. Ersche and Trevor W. Robbins

2.1 Introduction 9

2.2 A Conceptual Framework for Understanding Drug Addiction Based on Preclinical Observations 9

2.3 Neuropharmacological Considerations 15

2.4 Neuropathology of Chronic Drug Abuse 15

2.5 Impulsivity: An Endophenotype for Drug Addiction 17

2.6 Compulsivity: Craving versus Drug-Seeking 20

2.7 Summary 25

References 26

3 Structural and Functional Neuroimaging Methods:

Applications to Substance Abuse and Addiction 39
Yihong Yang, Svetlana Chefer, Xiujuan Geng, Hong Gu, Xi Chen, and Elliot A. Stein

3.1 Introduction 39

3.2 MRI Based Imaging Tools and their Application to Drug Abuse Research 40

3.3 Molecular Imaging with PET and SPECT 59

3.4 Summary and Peek into the Future 69

References 69

4 Functional Neuroimaging of the Acute Effects of Drugs of Abuse 85
Laurence John Reed and David J. Nutt

4.1 Introduction 85

4.2 Fundamental Neuronal Systems Related to Abuse Liability in Humans 86

4.3 Psychostimulants 87

4.4 Alcohol 92

4.5 Cannabis and the Cannabinoids 95

4.6 Opioids 96

4.7 Conclusions and Future Directions 98

References 99

5 Reward Processing 107
Anne Beck, Anthony A. Grace, and Andreas Heinz

5.1 Introduction 107

5.2 Neurotransmitter Systems Implicated in Reward Processing 107

5.3 Neurotransmitter Systems Involved in Drug-Related Reward Processing 110

5.4 Alterations in the Mesostriatal System in Addiction 116

5.5 Summary and Outlook 122

5.6 Acknowledgments 123

References 123

6 A Neuroimaging Approach to the Study of Craving 133
Francesca M. Filbey, Eric D. Claus, and Kent. E. Hutchison

6.1 A Neuroimaging Approach to the Study of Craving 133

6.2 Neural Response During Cue-Elicited Craving 134

6.3 Associations between Neural and Subjective Response During Cue-Elicited Craving 141

6.4 Modulators of Neural Response During Cue-Elicited Craving 142

6.5 Effects of Intervention on the Neural Response During Cue-Elicited Craving 147

6.6 Summary and Integration of Findings 149

6.7 Conclusions 151

References 151

7 Impulsivity and Addiction 159
Hugh Garavan

7.1 Introduction 159

7.2 Impulsivity as Reward versus Control 159

7.3 The Neurobiology of Impulsivity 161

7.4 Impulsivity and Risk for Developing a Drug Use Disorder 163

7.5 Impulsivity in Current Users 165

7.6 Impulsivity, Abstinence, and Relapse 168

7.7 Conclusion 170

References 171

8 Cognitive Disruptions in Drug Addiction: a Focus on the Prefrontal Cortex 179
Rita Z. Goldstein, Scott J. Moeller, and Nora D. Volkow

8.1 Introduction 179

8.2 Attention 181

8.3 Working Memory 190

8.4 Decision-Making 193

8.5 Pre-Morbid Vulnerabilities 198

8.6 Other Brain Regions 198

8.7 Limitations Across All Studies 199

8.8 Treatment Implications 200

8.9 General Summary and Conclusions 200

8.10 Acknowledgments 201

References 201

9 Neural Mechanisms of Stress and Addiction 211
Dongju Seo and Rajita Sinha

9.1 Stress and Addiction 211

9.2 Neural Circuits of Stress Regulation 212

9.3 Dysfunction in the Neural Circuits Underlying Stress and Addiction 218

9.4 Interplay of Gene, Stress, and Drug Intake 222

9.5 Acknowledgments 224

References 224

10 Anatomical and Neurochemical Evidence of Neurotoxic Changes in Psychostimulant Abuse and Dependence 237
Young Hoon Sung and Perry F. Renshaw

10.1 Introduction 237

10.2 Characteristics of Psychostimulants 238

10.3 Quantitative MR Morphology Changes Associated with Psychostimulant Dependence 239

10.4 Gross Anatomic Changes in Brain Structures and Subtle Neurotoxicity 240

10.5 Relationship between Errant Neuromodulation by Drug Abuse and Cognitive Abnormali

Über Autor(innen)

Dr. Adinoff is the Chief of the Division on Addictions in the Department of Psychiatry at University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas and a staff psychiatrist at the VA North Texas Health Care System. He also holds the Distinguished Professorship of Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research at UT Southwestern. Dr. Adinoff obtained his medical training at Michigan State University and completed his residency in psychiatry at Tulane University. Following a fellowship and attending position in the Laboratory of Clinical Studies at the National Institutes on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Dr. Adinoff joined the faculty of the Medical University of South Carolina as director of the substance abuse program at the Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center. Dr. Adinoff's laboratory has used a variety of pharmacologic, cognitive, and behavioral probes to explore the neural and endocrine disruptions that occur following chronic cocaine or alcohol abuse and, more recently, compulsive tanning. Dr. Adinoff has published over 100 articles, reviews, and book chapters on the biology and treatment of addiction. He is also active in teaching trainees and colleagues how the brain disruptions uncovered by neuroimaging research relate to relapse and recovery.

Dr. Elliot Stein is Chief of the Neuroimaging Research Branch at the National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program (NIDA-IRP). Prior to coming to NIDA in 2002, he was Professor of Psychiatry at the Medical College of Wisconsin (MCW), where he was also Professor in the Departments of Pharmacology, Neurobiology and the Biophysics Research Institute. He received his PhD from the University of Maryland School of Medicine in neurophysiology and completed a post-doctoral fellowship at the California Institute of Technology with James Olds, a pioneer in brain reward systems. His lab pioneered the development and application of fMRI to study the neurobiology of human drug abuse. His research program employs multiple MR imaging modalities (including MR spectroscopy, BOLD activation, functional connectivity and diffusion tensor imaging) to define those neuronal systems mediating the actions of such abused drugs as nicotine and cocaine, to determine CNS sites and mechanisms responsible for mediating drug craving and reinforcement, and how drugs interact with specific cognitive and affective processes to alterbehavior. His research also incorporates preclinical models to translationally link the more mechanistic preclinical work with the more observational human studies. He has more than 400 authored papers, abstracts, reviews and book chapters in the field of drug addiction.