Alemu Managing Risk and Securing Livelihood

The Karrayu Pastoralists, their Environment and the Ethiopian State
1. Auflage 2016
ISBN: 978-3-515-11405-9
Verlag: Franz Steiner
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Deutsch, Englisch, Band 159, 187 Seiten, E-Book-Text

Reihe: Erdkundliches Wissen

The hegemonic perspective on adaptation solely focuses on climate stimuli as the driving force behind people’s adaptation. Such a perspective underestimates the role played by historical trajectories of political and social forces of change in shaping current adaptation practices. In doing so, it also separates the environment from processes of social change. This work challenges this dominant view by arguing that adaptation practices pursued by pastoral communities need to be seen at the intersection of state-environment-pastoralists-interactions. In other words, the understanding of pastoralists’ risk management and livelihood practices requires a perspective that situates local actors into their broader socio-political and environmental contexts. By using a political ecology approach that emphasizes on the agency of pastoral actors, this work demonstrates how the Karrayyu pastoral groups of upper Awash valley develop and use various risk management and livelihood practices under the influence of both socio-political and ecological sources of change.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Alemu, Girum G.

Fachgebiete

• Sozialwissenschaften Soziologie | Soziale Arbeit Soziale Gruppen/Soziale Themen Sozialisation, Soziale Interaktion, Sozialer Wandel
• Sozialwissenschaften Ethnologie | Volkskunde Ethnologie Umwelt und Kultur, Kulturökologie
• Sozialwissenschaften Soziologie | Soziale Arbeit Spezielle Soziologie Umweltsoziologie
• Geowissenschaften Geographie | Raumplanung Humangeographie
• Geowissenschaften Umweltwissenschaften Umweltsoziologie, Umweltpsychologie, Umweltethik

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;TABLE OF CONTENTS;6
2;LIST OF FIGURES;10
3;LIST OF TABLES;11
4;LIST OF PHOTOS;12
5;LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS;13
6;GLOSSARY;15
7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;18
8;ABSTRACT;20
9;ZUSAMMENFASSUNG;22
10;1. INTRODUCTION;24
10.1;1.1 THE PROBLEMATICS OF THE HEGEMONIC ADAPTATION PERSPECTIVE;24
10.2;1.2 APOLITICAL ADAPTATION AND PASTORALISTS’ DEVELOPMENT;26
10.3;1.3 APPROACHING THE ‘LOCAL CONTEXTS’ FROM A POLITICAL ECOLOGY PERSPECTIVE;29
10.4;1.4 POINT OF DEPARTURE: RISK, RESOURCES AND RELATIONAL MODES;31
10.5;1.5 ORGANIZATION OF THE BOOK;34
11;2. ADAPTATION, VULNERABILITY AND LOCAL AGENCY: THEORETICAL AND CONCEPTUAL REFLECTIONS;36
11.1;2.1 INTRODUCTION;36
11.2;2.2 PUTTING THE CONCEPT OF ADAPTATION IN PERSPECTIVE;36
11.3;2.3 THE CONVENTIONAL APPROACH TO ADAPTATION;37
11.4;2.4 THE INADEQUACY OF THE CONVENTIONAL APPROACH;39
11.5;2.5 THE CONCEPT OF VULNERABILITY IN ADAPTATION RESEARCH;40
11.6;2.6 POLITICAL ECOLOGY AND THE VULNERABILITY PARADIGM;46
11.7;2.7 LOCATING ACTORS IN POLITICAL ECOLOGY;48
11.8;2.8 SUMMARY;51
12;3. RESEARCHING WITH THE LOCALS: METHODOLOGICAL REFLECTIONS;52
12.1;3.1 INTRODUCTION;52
12.2;3.2 UPPER AWASH VALLEY, FENTALLE WOREDA: DESCRIPTIONS;53
12.3;3.3 METHODOLOGICAL STANCES: QUALITATIVE APPROACH IN GEOGRAPHY;57
12.4;3.4 THE RESEARCH PROCESS: PRELIMINARY VISITS AND INITIAL ACQUAINTANCE;59
12.5;3.5 MIXING VARIOUS INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES;64
12.6;3.6 FIELD NOTES AND PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION;67
12.7;3.7 DOCUMENT ANALYSIS AND SECONDARY INFORMATION;68
12.8;3.8 ANALYSIS AND WRITE UP;68
12.9;3.9 ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS;69
13;4. LIVELIHOOD INSECURITY IN CONTEXT: HISTORICAL TRAJECTORIES;71
13.1;4.1 INTRODUCTION;71
13.2;4.2 STATE-PASTORALISTS RELATIONS: ‘DEVELOPMENT’ AND THE PERILS OF PLANNING;72
13.3;4.3 ENVIRONMENTAL SOURCES OF LIVELIHOOD RISK;80
13.4;4.4 THE POST-1991 STATE IN PASTORAL SPACES: A LIABILITY OR AN ASSET?;88
13.5;4.5 IN-MIGRATION AND INCREASED POPULATION PRESSURE;95
13.6;4.6 SUMMARY: MULTIPLE SOURCES OF LIVELIHOOD INSECURITY;98
14;5. ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSFORMATION AND LIVESTOCKBASED LIVELIHOOD PRACTICES;101
14.1;5.1 INTRODUCTION;101
14.2;5.2 ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSFORMATION AND SOCIAL DISORGANIZATION;101
14.3;5.3 PASTORALISTS’ AGENCY AND RESPONSE TO CHANGE;110
14.4;5.4 CONTEXTS INFLUENCING PASTORAL MOBILITY DECISIONS;115
14.5;5.5 REORGANIZATION: CAMEL-BASED LIVELIHOOD PRACTICES;118
14.6;5.6 SURVIVING ON CAMELS: RISK MANAGEMENT AND LIVELIHOOD PRACTICES;119
14.7;5.7 SUMMARY;128
15;6. LIVING THE TRANSFORMATION: THE MOVE TOWARDS AGRO-PASTORALISM;129
15.1;6.1 INTRODUCTION;129
15.2;6.2 CULTIVATION AS RISK MANAGEMENT AND LIVELIHOOD PRACTICE;129
15.3;6.3 SIGNIFICANT ASPECTS INFLUENCING DECISIONS TO CULTIVATE;131
15.4;6.4 BRINGING NEW PRINCIPLES IN: FENCING COMMUNAL PASTURE;142
15.5;6.5 EMERGENCE OF NEW ARRANGEMENTS;143
15.6;6.6 SOME CONSTRAINTS TO CULTIVATION AS A CONTEMPORARY STRATEGY;151
15.7;6.7 NON-PASTORAL AND NON-AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES;153
15.8;6.8 SUMMARY;157
16;7. CONTEXTUALIZED ADAPTATION: HEGEMONIC PERSPECTIVES AND LOCAL RESPONSES;159
16.1;7.1 INTRODUCTION;159
16.2;7.2 THE POLITICS OF ADAPTATION: TOP-DOWN APPROACHES TO DEVELOPMENT;160
16.3;7.3 SITUATED AND LOCAL-LEVEL ADAPTATION PRACTICES;162
16.4;7.4 SUMMARY;168
17;8. CONCLUSIONS;169
17.1;8.1 STARTING-POINT VULNERABILITY: THE POLITICAL ECOLOGY OF LOCAL ADAPTATION;169
17.2;8.2 LOCATING AGENCY IN POLITICAL ECOLOGY;171
17.3;8.3 LOCALIZING THE INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE ON ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE;173
17.4;8.4 BACK TO THE RESEARCH QUESTIONS;174
17.5;8.5 IMPLICATIONS FOR POLICY AND DIRECTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH;176
18;9. LIST OF REFERENCES;180

Über Autor(innen)

Alemu, Girum G.
Girum G. Alemu currently works as research associate at the Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS) in Potsdam. He is interested in three broader but interrelated research topics: Political ecology, environment and development policy and livelihood security. His research interest mainly focuses on the interaction between broader scale political economy and local human-environment interactions and the implications of these interactions on livelihoods security.