Armit Celtic Scotland

1. Auflage 2025
ISBN: 978-1-78885-765-9
Verlag: John Donald
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: 6 - ePub Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 192 Seiten

This authoritative and handsomely illustrated book is aimed at the general reader who wants to know about the mysterious people who inhabited Scotland from the Bronze Age onwards. They created wonderful works of art in gold and silver and their brochs and hillforts are scattered over the Scottish landscape. Many modern-day Scots are descended from them. Using the results of modern archaeology and historical sources, Ian Armit answers the key questions about who the Celts were, wherethey came from, their relationship with other Celtic tribes throughout Europe, their customs and beliefs and their daily life. It is a fascinating story told with flair and clarity by one of Britain's leading experts on the Celts.

Ian Armit is Professor of Archaeology at the University of Bradford.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Armit, Ian

Leseproben

List of plates and figures
Plates
1 Dun Beag, Skye 2 Dun Beag, Skye 3 Mousa, Shetland 4 Dun Carloway, Lewis 5 Gurness, Orkney 6 Woden Law hillfort in the Cheviots 7 Barry Hill, Angus 8 The blockhouse at Clickhimin, Shetland 9 Ardownie souterrain, near Dundee 10 The terminal of a gold torc from Shaw Hill, Peeblesshire 11 The Mortonhall scabbard 12 The Stichill bronze collar 13 The Balmaclellan mirror 14 Inside the Sculptor’s Cave, Covesea, Moray 15 Scotland’s only known chariot burial, dating to around 520–370 BC, on the outskirts of Edinburgh 16 The square barrow cemetery at Red Castle, Angus, during excavations in 1997 17 House 4 at Broxmouth, East Lothian 18 The Brown Caterthun, Angus 19 Edinshall broch, Berwickshire 20 A gilt silver flask from the Traprain Law hoard Figures
1 Map showing the spread of Celtic languages 2 Map showing the spread of ‘Celtic culture’, as measured by the occurrence of certain artefact types and art styles 3 The natural environment and physical geography of Scotland 4 The main stone setting at Calanais in Lewis 5 Some Bronze Age artefact types, such as the hair-rings shown on this map, circulated over wide areas 6 The Corrymuckloch hoard from the Sma’ Glen in Perthshire 7 Map showing discoveries of European-influenced slashing swords, found mainly in ritual deposits, along the eastern river valleys 8 The prehistoric landscape at Pitcarmick in Perthshire 9 A comparison of the ground-plans of Hut Circles at Kilphedir in Sutherland, the complex roundhouse of Dun Bharabhat in Lewis, and the broch tower of Mousa in Shetland 10 Hut Circle 7 at Kilphedir 11 Ring-ditch houses at Hawkhill Quarry in Angus 12 Artist’s impression of daily life as it might have been in a ring-ditch house around 500 BC 13 Artist’s impression of an Iron Age crannog. 14 Map showing the locations of crannogs in Loch Tay and homesteads in Glen Lyon 15 The broch tower of Dun Telve in Glenelg 16 Artist’s cut-away drawing showing one interpretation of daily life in the broch tower of Dun Carloway in Lewis 17 The complex Atlantic roundhouse of Dun Bharabhat, Lewis 18 Broch villages at Gurness and Howe in Orkney 19 Old Scatness in Shetland 20 Gurness: broch tower and village from the air 21 Wheelhouse plans from Sollas, North Uist; Cnip, Lewis; Kilpheder, South Uist; Clettraval, North Uist 22 Four stages in the construction of the wheelhouse at Cnip on the west coast of Lewis 23 Map showing the main concentration of hillforts across Britain and Europe in the Late Bronze and Iron Ages 24 Hilltop enclosures at Traprain Law, East Lothian; Eildon Hill North, Roxburghshire; and the Brown Caterthun, Angus 25 Corsehope Law in the Borders 26 Sword recovered from the River Tay near Perth 27 Bronze boar’s head, found in 1916 in a peat bog near Deskford, in Banffshire 28 The Hownam sequence showing hillfort development 29 The hilltop enclosure of Eildon Hill North, near Melrose 30 Traprain Law, East Lothian 31 Detail of the rock art from Traprain Law 32 Hoard of Late Bronze Age axes found during recent excavations near the summit of Traprain Law 33 Palisade trenches under excavation at the site of Myrehead, near Falkirk 34 Aerial view of Dryburn Bridge in East Lothian 35 Broxmouth, in East Lothian, is the best-dated and most thoroughly excavated hillfort in Scotland 36 Early excavations on Abernethy hillfort in Perthshire 37 The Chesters fort in East Lothian 38 Dodridge Law 39 Maps showing the distribution of enclosed settlements around Traprain Law 40 A light covering of snow shows up fields of cord rig here at Orchard Rig in Peeblesshire 41 Iron Age cultivation of freely draining slopes in Holyrood Park is shown in this artist’s reconstruction 42 The landscape around Castlesteads in East Lothian was divided into long pit-defined fields interspersed with enclosures and roundhouses 43 The field system outside the Roman fort at Carriden, near Bo’ness, consists of small enclosures unrepresentative of native farming practices 44 Cut-away drawing showing the construction of the souterrain complex at Pitcur in Perthshire 45 Artist’s impression of using rotary querns 46 The souterrain at Crichton 47 The bank and ditch of a linear earthwork are clearly visible as they pass close to the Borders hillfort of Milkieston Rings 48 Map showing the tribes in Scotland, according to Ptolemy 49 A modern reconstruction of the Deskford carnyx 50 Snake-headed bronze armlet from Culbin Sands 51 Hebridean Iron Age pottery 52 Map showing the distribution of some artefact and site types: square barrow cemeteries and ornate bronze bracelets of the early centuries AD; and much earlier carved stone balls 53 The bronze pony cap and horns from Torrs, Kirkcudbrightshire 54 The Bargany House scabbard from Ayrshire 55 The Ballachulish figure shortly after its discovery in 1880 56 The Ballachulish figure in an artist’s reconstruction 57 Cairnpapple, West Lothian 58 Wooden ard, or early ploughing implement, from Pict’s Knowe in south-west Scotland 59 Exterior view of the Sculptor’s Cave, Covesea 60 Human cervical vertebra from the Sculptor’s Cave showing several cut-marks characteristic of decapitation 61 Part of a hoard of Later Bronze Age metalwork recovered from Duddingston Loch, Edinburgh 62 Human sacrifice? A possible ritual drowning at the hands of a grim ‘Celtic’ deity depicted on the Gundestrup cauldron from Denmark 63 This skull fragment, from Hillhead broch in Caithness, has been perforated to enable suspension 64 The upper part of an adult male skull from the Cnip wheelhouse in Lewis was buried as a foundation deposit for a small structure associated with the main wheelhouse 65 This diagram shows some of the processes by which human remains might turn up on domestic sites 66 This photograph shows the capstones of one of the graves from the small Iron Age cemetery at Broxmouth hillfort, East Lothian 67 Double burial of a young woman and child from the Broxmouth cemetery 68 A cist burial under excavation at Moredun, Edinburgh, in 1903 69 Two pairs of bronze ‘spoons’, from a grave at Burnmouth, Berwickshire, and from Westmorland in England 70 Plan of the floor of the wheelhouse at Sollas 71 The Roman Empire in the early second century AD 72 Two examples of rectilinear enclosures at East Bearford in East Lothian (unexcavated), and Dalhousie Mains 73 Aerial photography has revealed a notable cluster of rectilinear enclosures in the vicinity of Traprain Law shown on this distribution map 74 The scooped settlement of Orchard Rig, Peeblesshire, contains small, stone-walled houses typical of the early centuries AD 75 Roman marching-camps, like this one at Dalginross, can help us chart the progress of the various advances into Scotland 76 The Antonine frontier system 77 The Antonine Wall, seen here at Wailing Lodge near Falkirk, cut across the native landscape 78 This carving from the Bridgeness distance slab, found at the east end of the Antonine Wall, shows a typical celebration of the Roman victory 79 The Roman fort at Ardoch 80 A scene from the Column of Marcus in Rome, showing Roman soldiers torching a native village...