Bandyopadhyay / Cahay Introduction to Spintronics, Second Edition

2. Auflage 2015
ISBN: 978-1-4822-5557-7
Verlag: Taylor & Francis
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 660 Seiten

Introduction to Spintronics provides an accessible, organized, and progressive presentation of the quantum mechanical concept of spin and the technology of using it to store, process, and communicate information. Fully updated and expanded to 18 chapters, this Second Edition:

- Reflects the explosion of study in spin-related physics, addressing seven important physical phenomena with spintronic device applications

- Discusses the recently discovered field of spintronics without magnetism, which allows one to manipulate spin currents by purely electrical means

- Explores lateral spin-orbit interaction and its many nuances, as well as the possibility to implement spin polarizers and analyzers using quantum point contacts

- Introduces the concept of single-domain-nanomagnet-based computing, an ultra-energy-efficient approach to compute and store information using nanomagnets, offering a practical rendition of single-spin logic architecture ideas and an alternative to transistor-based computing hardware

- Features many new drill problems, and includes a solution manual and figure slides with qualifying course adoption

Still the only known spintronics textbook written in English, Introduction to Spintronics, Second Edition is a must read for those interested in the science and technology of storing, processing, and communicating information via the spin degree of freedom of electrons.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Bandyopadhyay, Supriyo

Cahay, Marc

Fachgebiete

• Technische Wissenschaften Maschinenbau | Werkstoffkunde Technische Mechanik | Werkstoffkunde
• Naturwissenschaften Physik Physik Allgemein
• Technische Wissenschaften Technik Allgemein Nanotechnologie
• Technische Wissenschaften Maschinenbau | Werkstoffkunde Maschinenbau Mechatronik, Mikrosysteme (MEMS), Nanosysteme

Inhaltsverzeichnis

The Early History of Spin
Spin
The Bohr Planetary Model and Space Quantization
The Birth of "Spin"
The Stern-Gerlach Experiment
The Advent of Spintronics
Problems
References

The Quantum Mechanics of Spin
Pauli Spinmatrices
The Pauli Equation and Spinors
More on the Pauli Equation
Extending the Pauli Equation - The Dirac Equation
The Time Independent Dirac Equation
Problems
Appendix
References

The Bloch Sphere
The Spinor and the "Qubit"
The Bloch Sphere Concept
Problems
References

Evolution of a Spinor on the Bloch Sphere
Spin-1/2 Particle in a Constant Magnetic Field: Larmor Precession
Preparing to Derive the Rabi Formula
The Rabi Formula
Problems
References

The Density Matrix
The Density Matrix Concept: Case of a Pure State
Properties of the Density Matrix
Pure versus Mixed State
Concept of the Bloch Ball
Time Evolution of the Density Matrix: Case of Mixed State
The Relaxation Times T1 and T2 and the Bloch Equations
Problems
References

Spin-Orbit Interaction
Microscopic or Intrinsic Spin-Orbit Interaction in an Atom
Macroscopic or Extrinsic Spin-Orbit Interaction
Problems
References

Magneto-Electric Subbands in Quantum Confined Structures in the Presence of Spin-Orbit Interaction
Dispersion Relations of Spin Resolved Magneto-Electric Subbands and Eigenspinors in a Two-Dimensional Electron Gas in the Presence of Spin-Orbit Interaction
Dispersion Relations of Spin Resolved Magneto-Electric Subbands and Eigenspinors in a One-Dimensional Electron Gas in the Presence of Spin-Orbit Interaction
Magnetic Field Perpendicular to Wire Axis and the Electric Field Causing Rashba Effect (i.e., along the z-axis)
Eigenenergies of Spin Resolved Subbands and Eigenspinors in a Quantum Dot in the Presence of Spin-Orbit Interaction
Why Are the Dispersion Relations Important?
Problems
References

Spin Relaxation
The Spin-Independent Spin-Orbit Magnetic Field
Spin Relaxation Mechanisms
Spin Relaxation in a Quantum Dot
Problems
References

Some Spin Phenomena
The Spin Hall Effect
The Spin Galvanic Effect
The Spin Capacitor Effect
The Spin Transfer Torque Effect
The Spin Hanle Effect
The Spin Seebeck Effect
The Spin Peltier Effect
Problems
References

Exchange Interaction
Identical Particles and the Pauli Exclusion Principle
Hartree and Hartree-Fock Approximations
The Role of Exchange in Ferromagnetism
The Heisenberg Hamiltonian
Problems
References

Spin Transport in Solids
The Drift-Diffusion Model
The Semiclassical Model
Concluding Remarks
Problems
References

Passive Spintronic Devices and Related Concepts
Spin Valve
Spin Injection Efficiency
Hysteresis in Spin Valve Magnetoresistance
Giant Magnetoresistance
Spin Accumulation
Spin Injection across a Ferromagnet/Metal Interface
Spin Injection in a Spin Valve
Spin Extraction at the Interface between a Ferromagnet and a Semiconductor
Problems
References

Active Devices Based on Spin and Charge
Spin-Based Transistors
Spin Field Effect Transistors (SPINFET)
Analysis of the Two-Dimensional SPINFET
Device Performance of SPINFETs
Power Dissipation Estimates
Other Types of SPINFETs
The Importance of the Spin Injection Efficiency
Transconductance, Gain, Bandwidth, and Isolation
Spin Bipolar Junction Transistors (SBJT)
GMR-Based Transistors
Concluding Remarks
Problems
References

All-Electric Spintronics with Quantum Point Contacts
Quantum Point Contacts
A Few Recent Experimental Results with QPCs and QDs
Spin Orbit Coupling
Rashba Spin-Orbit Coupling (RSOC)
Lateral Spin-Orbit Coupling (LSOC)
Stern-Gerlach Type Spatial Spin Separation in a QPC Structure
Detection of Spin Polarization
Observation of a 0.5 G0 Conductance Plateau in Asymmetrically Biased QPCs with In-Plane Side Gates
Prospect for Generation of Spin Polarized Current at Higher Temperatures
Prospect for an All-Electric Spin FET
Conclusion
Problems
References

Single Spin Processors
Single Spintronics
Reading and Writing Single Spin
Single Spin Logic
Energy Dissipation Issues
Comparison between Spin Transistors and Single-Spin-Processors
Concluding Remarks
Problems
References

Quantum Computing with Spins
The Quantum Inverter
Can the NAND Gate Be Switched without Dissipating Energy?
Universal Reversible Gate: The Toffoli-Fredkin Gate
A-Matrix
Quantum Gates
Qubits
Superposition States
Quantum Parallelism
Universal Quantum Gates
A 2-Qubit "Spintronic" Universal Quantum Gate
Conclusion
Problems
References

Nanomagnetic Logic: Computing with Giant Classical Spins
Nanomagnetic Logic and Bennett Clocking
Why Nanomagnetism?
Problems
References

A Brief Quantum Mechanics Primer
Blackbody Radiation and Quantization of Electromagnetic Energy
The Concept of the Photon
Wave-Particle Duality and the De Broglie Wavelength
Postulates of Quantum Mechanics
Some Elements of Semiconductor Physics: Particular Applications in Nanostructures
The Rayleigh-Ritz Variational Procedure
The Transfer Matrix Formalism
Peierls’ Transformation
Problems
References

Über Autor(innen)

Supriyo Bandyopadhyay is Commonwealth Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Virginia Commonwealth University, where he directs the Quantum Device Laboratory. A Fellow of several scientific societies, Dr. Bandyopadhyay serves on the editorial boards of six international journals, and as the chair of the Technical Committee on Spintronics within the Nanotechnology Council of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). He previously served as the chair of the Technical Committee on Compound Semiconductor Devices within the Electron Device Society of IEEE, as an IEEE distinguished lecturer, and as a vice president of the IEEE Nanotechnology Council. Widely published, he has given more than 100 invited/keynote talks at conferences, workshops, and colloquia across four continents, and received the Distinguished Scholarship Award (the highest award for scholarship awarded to one faculty member each year) from Virginia Commonwealth University.

Marc Cahay is a professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computing Systems at the University of Cincinnati. Widely published and highly decorated, Professor Cahay is a Fellow of the Academy of Teaching and Learning at the University of Cincinnati, a Fellow of several scientific societies, a member of numerous editorial boards, the education chair of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Nanotechnology Council, and a member of the IEEE Technical Committee on Spintronics, Nanomagnetism and Quantum Computing. He has served on the organizing committee of more than 30 international conferences, as an IEEE Nanotechnology Council and IEEE Electron Device Society distinguished lecturer, as a member of IEEE Technical Committee on Simulation and Modeling, and as the IEEE Nanotechnology Council vice-president of conference.