Bar-Asher Studies in Classical Hebrew

1. Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-3-11-030039-0
Verlag: De Gruyter
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band 71, 489 Seiten

Reihe: Studia Judaica

Zielgruppe

Academics, Libraries, Institutes

Autoren/Hrsg.

Bar-Asher, Moshe

Fachgebiete

• Geisteswissenschaften Christentum, Christliche Theologie Bibelwissenschaften Altes Testament: Exegese, Geschichte
• Geisteswissenschaften Jüdische Studien Jüdische Studien Heilige & Traditionstexte: Torah, Talmud, Mischna, Halacha
• Geisteswissenschaften Sprachwissenschaft Einzelne Sprachen & Sprachfamilien

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;5
2;Introduction;15
2.1;A;15
2.2;B;15
2.3;C;18
3;A Biblical Hebrew;21
3.1;1 The Qal Passive Participle of Geminate Verbs in Biblical Hebrew;23
3.1.1;1.1 Introduction;23
3.1.2;1.2 ...... and ......;23
3.1.2.1;1.1. 2. ......‘menstrual impurity’ / ...... ‘sprinkling’;23
3.1.2.2;1.2.2 ......(abstract noun) / ...... (designating a female);25
3.1.3;1.3 Qal Passive Participle of Geminate Verbs;30
3.1.4;1.4 Conclusion;34
3.2;2. ........... – ... .......:The morphology and meaning of the word ....;37
3.2.1;2.1 Background Notes;37
3.2.2;2.2 On the Meaning of the Word;38
3.2.3;2.3 On the Morphology of the Word;53
3.2.4;2.4 Concluding Remarks;59
3.3;3 The Bible Interpreting Itself;61
3.3.1;3.1 Introduction;61
3.3.2;3.2 Words that Explain and Words that are Explained;62
3.3.2.1;3.2.1 Parallelism and Parallel Verses;62
3.3.2.2;3.2.2 The Explicit Suggestion of the Explanation;66
3.3.2.3;3.2.3 The Use of an Explanatory Word or Expression;68
3.3.2.4;3.2.4 Explanatory Words in Similar Structures;70
3.3.3;3.3 Conclusion;73
3.4;4 Gesenius’ Thesaurus and Mishnaic Hebrew Studies;77
3.4.1;4.1 Introductory Remarks;77
3.4.2;4.2 Data in need of correction;79
3.4.3;4.3 Augmentation of incomplete data;82
3.4.4;4.4 Early signs of MH scholarship;84
3.4.5;4.5 Summary remarks;88
3.5;5 ... ..... ..... .....:When did ..... Come to Denote ‘Jew’?;89
3.6;6 Biblical Language in Mishnaic Texts;95
3.6.1;6.1 Introductory comments;95
3.6.2;6.2 Relationship of the Mishna to Biblical Hebrew;96
3.6.3;6.3 Substantive changes due to biblical influence;100
3.6.3.1;6.3.1 ... ..... ......;100
3.6.3.2;6.3.2 .... ..... ......;103
3.6.4;6.4 Concluding comment;107
3.7;7. ........... ... ........ .......:Regarding One Sentence from the Letter to Pelatyahu;109
3.8;8. The verse .... ......... (‘Hear, O Israel’) in Greek transcription on an ancient amulet;117
3.8.1;8.1 The text;118
3.8.2;8.2 Linguistic comments;118
3.8.3;8.3 Summary;122
4;B Qumran Hebrew;123
4.1;9 A Few Remarks on Mishnaic Hebrew and Aramaic in Qumran Hebrew;125
4.1.1;9.1 Mishnaic Hebrew and Qumran Hebrew;125
4.1.1.1;9.1.1 Example 1;125
4.1.1.2;9.1.2 Example 2;127
4.1.2;9.2 Aramaic at Qumran;128
4.1.2.1;9.2.1 Example 1;129
4.1.2.2;9.2.2 Example 2;130
4.1.3;9.3 Summary;132
4.2;10 On Several Linguistic Features of Qumran Hebrew;133
4.2.1;10.1 .....;133
4.2.2;10.2 ....;141
4.2.3;10.3 .. .....;143
4.2.4;10.4 ......;145
4.2.4.1;10.4.1 .. = ......;145
4.2.4.2;10.4.2 ...... = ......;149
4.2.5;10.5 Concluding remarks;151
4.3;11 Qumran Hebrew Between Biblical and Mishnaic Hebrews: A Morphological Study;153
4.3.1;11.1 Introductory Comments;153
4.3.2;11.2 Third-person Pronominal Suffixes on Plural Nouns with the Ending ...;154
4.3.2.1;11.2.1 Biblical Hebrew;154
4.3.2.1.1;11.2.1.1 Distribution patterns in some biblical books;156
4.3.2.1.2;11.2.2.1 Analysis of one late biblical text;156
4.3.2.2;11.2.2 Mishnaic Hebrew;157
4.3.3;11.3 A note on the Samaritan Pentateuch;159
4.3.4;11.4 QH and Ben Sira;160
4.3.5;11.5 Summary of the findings within Hebrew;163
4.3.6;11.6 Concluding comments;164
4.4;12 Mistaken Repetitions or Double Readings?;167
4.4.1;12.1 The Data and the Interpretations Current in the Scholarly Literature;167
4.4.2;12.2 A Proposal for a New Explanation of the Phenomenon;170
4.4.3;12.3 Conclusion;178
4.5;13 Two Issues in Qumran Hebrew: Synchronic and Diachronic Perspectives;179
4.5.1;13.1 Introductory Comments;179
4.5.2;13.2 ....../...... (........);181
4.5.3;13.3 ....... (........) and .....;188
4.5.4;13.4 Concluding Comments;193
4.6;14 Grammatical and Lexicographic Notes on a Qumran Fragment 4Q374 ii);195
4.6.1;14.1 Introductory Remarks;195
4.6.2;14.2 ... ..... .. ......;196
4.6.3;14.3 .....;201
4.6.4;14.4 Conclusion;209
4.7;15. .... ...... / ..... ......;211
4.7.1;15.1 Introductory Remarks;211
4.7.2;15.2 A biblical expression in the Damascus Covenant and its pesher;212
4.7.3;15.3 Concluding Statements;219
4.8;16 The Patterns Pe‘ila and Pi‘‘ul in Qumran Hebrew;221
4.8.1;16.1 Introductory Comments;221
4.8.2;16.2 Specifics and Generalities in the relationship of Qumran Hebrew to Mishnaic Hebrew;224
4.8.3;16.3 The Pattern Pe‘ila;225
4.8.4;16.4 The Pattern Pi‘‘ul;231
4.8.5;16.5 Concluding Remarks;237
5;C. Mishnaic Hebrew and Aramaic;241
5.1;17 Mishnaic Hebrew: An Introductory Survey;243
5.1.1;17.1 Mishnaic Hebrew and Rabbinic literature;243
5.1.2;17.2 The Origin of Mishnaic Hebrew;245
5.1.3;17.3 Biblical Hebrew and Mishnaic Hebrew;246
5.1.3.1;17.3.1 Common and Contrasting Features;246
5.1.3.2;17.3.2 Diachronic Differences;247
5.1.3.3;17.3.3 Dialectal differences;248
5.1.3.4;17.3.4 Difference of Tradition;250
5.1.3.5;17.3.5 Literary Influence of Biblical Hebrew upon Mishnaic Hebrew;251
5.1.4;17.4 Unity and Diversity in Mishnaic Hebrew;253
5.1.4.1;17.4.1 The assumption of uniformity re-examined;253
5.1.4.2;17.4.2 Contrasts between the language of the Tannaim and the language of the Amoraim;254
5.1.4.3;17.4.3 Mishnaic Hebrew and its different dialects;255
5.1.4.4;17.4.4 Linguistic differences within the Mishnah;257
5.1.4.5;17.4.5 Editions and manuscripts;258
5.1.4.6;17.4.6 Linguistic types in the manuscripts of the Mishnah;260
5.1.4.7;17.4.7 Special traditions;261
5.1.4.8;17.4.8 Written and Oral Traditions;262
5.1.5;17.5 Mishnaic Hebrew and Other Languages;263
5.1.5.1;17.5.1 The situation of multi-lingualism;263
5.1.5.2;17.5.2 Mishnaic Hebrew and Aramaic;264
5.1.5.3;17.5.3 Borrowings from Greek and Latin;267
5.1.6;17.6 Mishnaic Hebrew from indirect sources;268
5.1.6.1;17.6.1 Direct and indirect sources;268
5.1.6.2;17.6.2 Documents from the Judean Desert;270
5.1.6.3;17.6.3 The Samaritan tradition;271
5.1.6.4;17.6.4 Greek and Latin Transcriptions;273
5.1.6.5;17.6.5 The language of Liturgy and the Piyyut;274
5.1.7;17.7 Conclusion;274
5.2;18 The Study of Mishnaic Hebrew Grammar Based on Written Sources: Achievements, Problems, and Tasks;277
5.2.1;18.1 Introductory Remarks;277
5.2.2;18.2 Research and Achievements;278
5.2.2.1;18.2.1 Description of Mishnaic Hebrew Studies;278
5.2.2.2;18.2.2 Some Central Questions in the Study of Mishnaic Hebrew;278
5.2.2.3;18.2.3 Results of Mishnaic Hebrew Research;286
5.2.2.4;18.2.4 Unity of Mishnaic Hebrew;289
5.2.3;18.3 Problems and Tasks;294
5.2.3.1;18.3.1 Investigations of Reliable Manuscripts and other Manuscripts;294
5.2.3.2;18.3.1 Strata versus Traditions;296
5.2.3.3;18.3.3 Reliable Traditions and Scribal Corrections;298
5.2.3.4;18.3.4 Expanding the Fields of Research;299
5.2.3.4.1;18.3.4.1 Investigation of the Different Periods of Mishnaic Hebrew;299
5.2.3.4.2;18.3.4.2 Investigation of Traditions and Other Manuscripts;300
5.2.3.4.3;18.3.4.3 Investigation of Traditions and Examination of General Grammatical Topics;301
5.2.3.4.4;18.3.4.5 Proportions between Research Fields;302
5.2.3.5;18.3.5 Preparing a New Grammar of Mishnaic Hebrew;303
5.2.4;18.4 Concluding Remarks;304
5.3;19 The Different Traditions of Mishnaic Hebrew;307
5.3.1;19.1 Introduction;307
5.3.2;19.2 The Division of Mishnaic Hebrew into Different Traditions;308
5.3.3;19.3 The Western tradition vis-à-vis the Eastern tradition within the Palestinian branch;310
5.3.4;19.4 The Palestinian branch vis-à-vis the Babylonian branch;312
5.3.5;19.5 Comments on the Proposed Divisions;314
5.3.6;19.6 The Western and Eastern traditions of the Palestinian branch;318
5.3.6.1;19.6.1 Gemination of reš;318
5.3.6.2;19.6.2 The relative šîn with š.wa;320
5.3.6.3;19.6.3 The realization of the short vowel [u];320
5.3.6.4;19.6.4 The Final Vowel in the Qatt and Related Noun Patterns;323
5.3.6.5;19.6.5 The Definite Article with segol before ’aleph with qame?;323
5.3.6.6;19.6.6 Noun Pattern po‘lan/pa‘lan;324
5.3.6.6.1;19.6.6.1 ......./.......;326
5.3.6.6.2;19.6.6.2 The plural ........./........;325
5.3.7;19.7 The Nature of the Differences between the Western and Eastern Traditions;326
5.3.8;19.8 The Historical Background of the Different Traditions of the Western Branch;327
5.3.9;19.9 The Palestinian Branch and the Babylonian Branch;331
5.3.10;19.10 Background of the Linguistic Differences between the Two Branches;332
5.3.11;19.11 Conclusion;339
5.4;20 The System of binyanim in Mishnaic Hebrew (A Morphological Study);343
5.4.1;20.1 The binyanim in general;343
5.4.2;20.2 Comments on the common binyanim;344
5.4.3;20.3 Comments on the uncommon binyanim;346
5.4.3.1;20.3.1 Pu‘al;346
5.4.3.2;20.3.2 Nuf‘al;349
5.4.3.3;20.3.3 Nipp.‘al;353
5.4.3.4;20.3.4 Pe‘el (pa‘‘el), po‘al (m?fo‘‘al), ni?pa‘‘al;355
5.4.3.5;20.3.5 Pe‘el;356
5.4.3.6;20.3.6 Po‘al;358
5.4.3.7;20.3.7 Ni.pa‘al;358
5.4.4;20.4 Comments on these three binyanim;359
5.4.4.1;20.4.1 Po‘el, Ni.po‘el;362
5.4.4.2;20.4.2 Po‘el;363
5.4.4.3;20.4.3 Ni.po‘al;363
5.4.4.4;20.4.4 Ni..ap¯ ‘al;366
5.4.5;20.5 Other binyanim?;368
5.4.6;20.6 Conclusion;368
5.5;21 The Formation of the Nif‘al III-yod Participle in Mishnaic Hebrew;373
5.5.1;21.1 The Readings Traditions in the Bible;373
5.5.2;21.2 The Mishnaic Hebrew Traditions that have been Studied;374
5.5.3;21.3 Other Traditions of Mishnaic Hebrew;375
5.5.4;21.4 MS Antonin;376
5.5.5;21.5 MS Parma B;376
5.5.6;21.6 MS Kaufmann, MS Paris, and the Livorno Edition;378
5.5.7;21.7 Summary;382
5.5.8;21.8 Appendix;386
5.6;22 Comments on the Morphology of Nouns in Mishnaic Hebrew: Nouns Attested and Unattested in Biblical Hebrew;389
5.6.1;22.1 Introduction;389
5.6.2;22.2 Nouns Attested in BH;390
5.6.3;22.3 Nouns Not in BH;394
5.6.4;22.4 Summary;395
5.7;23 Mishnaic Hebrew and Biblical Hebrew;397
5.7.1;23.1 Introductory Remarks;397
5.7.2;23.2 Rabbinic Hebrew vis-à-vis Biblical Hebrew in Nominal Morphology;400
5.7.2.1;23.2.1 Nouns borrowed from the Bible;401
5.7.2.2;23.2.2 Nouns Common to the Languages of the Bible and the Mishnah;404
5.7.3;23.3 Conclusion;406
5.8;24 On the Language of the Beit ‘Amar Papyrus;409
5.8.1;24.1 Preliminary Notes;409
5.8.2;24.2 On the General Nature of the Language in the Document;410
5.8.3;24.3 Orthography;411
5.8.4;24.4 Orthography and phonology;413
5.8.5;24.5 Minor items in Configuration and Syntax;418
5.8.6;24.6 Concluding note;419
5.9;25 From Oral Transmission to Written Transmission (Concerning the meaning of some orthographic forms in the manuscripts of the Mishnah and of Rabbinic Literature);421
5.9.1;25.1 Introductory Comments;421
5.9.2;25.2 Unusual orthographic forms and their meanings;422
5.9.2.1;25.2.1 ... ...../... ..... –a quarter-qab of bones;422
5.9.2.2;25.2.2 ....../...... – has arisen;422
5.9.2.3;25.2.3 ....../.......;423
5.9.2.4;25.2.4 ..../.....;425
5.9.3;25.3 Additions;427
5.9.3.1;25.3.1 .. . >.... ,as in ....>.....;427
5.9.3.2;25.3.2 ...> ..;429
5.9.3.3;25.3.3 The spelling of short words;430
5.9.4;25.4 Summary;430
6;Bibliography;433
7;Indexes;451

Über Autor(innen)

Bar-Asher, Moshe
Moshe Bar-Asher, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel; Aaron Koller, Yeshiva University, New York, NY, USA.

Moshe Bar-Asher, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel; Aaron Koller, Yeshiva University, New York, USA.

Moshe Bar-Asher, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel; Aaron Koller, Yeshiva University, New York, USA.