E-Book, Englisch, Band 71, 489 Seiten
Reihe: Studia JudaicaISSN
Bar-Asher Studies in Classical Hebrew
1. Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-3-11-030039-0
Verlag: De Gruyter
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark
E-Book, Englisch, Band 71, 489 Seiten
Reihe: Studia JudaicaISSN
ISBN: 978-3-11-030039-0
Verlag: De Gruyter
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark
Professor Moshe Bar-Asher, Professor Emeritus at the Hebrew University and long-time president of the Academy of the Hebrew Language, has published more than 200 articles and sixteen books and edited aboout 90 books and collections. The vast majority of his work has been accessible, however, only to specialists who read modern Hebrew or French. Bar-Asher’s groundbreaking articles on the dialects of rabbinic literature are classics. In more recent years he has brought the same breadth and depth of grammatical knowledge, and philological acumen, to the study of older classical Hebrew texts, including literary and epigraphic texts.
This volume presents studies of individual words and verses within the Bible, as well as broader thematic discussions of biblical language and its long reception-history, down through medieval scribes and modern lexicographers. Also represented are Bar-Asher’s penetrating studies of Qumran texts and languages, which illuminate both the linguistic traditions reflected in these texts and the scribal culture from which they emerged. The third section contains studies of Mishnaic Hebrew. There are both sweeping surveys of the field and its accomplishments and challenges, and studies of specific phonological, morphological, syntactic and lexical features.
Zielgruppe
Academics, Libraries, Institutes
Autoren/Hrsg.
Fachgebiete
- Geisteswissenschaften Sprachwissenschaft Einzelne Sprachen & Sprachfamilien
- Geisteswissenschaften Jüdische Studien Jüdische Studien Heilige & Traditionstexte: Torah, Talmud, Mischna, Halacha
- Geisteswissenschaften Christentum, Christliche Theologie Bibelwissenschaften Altes Testament: Exegese, Geschichte
Weitere Infos & Material
1;Preface;5
2;Introduction;15
2.1;A;15
2.2;B;15
2.3;C;18
3;A Biblical Hebrew;21
3.1;1 The Qal Passive Participle of Geminate Verbs in Biblical Hebrew;23
3.1.1;1.1 Introduction;23
3.1.2;1.2 ...... and ......;23
3.1.2.1;1.1. 2. ......‘menstrual impurity’ / ...... ‘sprinkling’;23
3.1.2.2;1.2.2 ......(abstract noun) / ...... (designating a female);25
3.1.3;1.3 Qal Passive Participle of Geminate Verbs;30
3.1.4;1.4 Conclusion;34
3.2;2. ........... – ... .......:The morphology and meaning of the word ....;37
3.2.1;2.1 Background Notes;37
3.2.2;2.2 On the Meaning of the Word;38
3.2.3;2.3 On the Morphology of the Word;53
3.2.4;2.4 Concluding Remarks;59
3.3;3 The Bible Interpreting Itself;61
3.3.1;3.1 Introduction;61
3.3.2;3.2 Words that Explain and Words that are Explained;62
3.3.2.1;3.2.1 Parallelism and Parallel Verses;62
3.3.2.2;3.2.2 The Explicit Suggestion of the Explanation;66
3.3.2.3;3.2.3 The Use of an Explanatory Word or Expression;68
3.3.2.4;3.2.4 Explanatory Words in Similar Structures;70
3.3.3;3.3 Conclusion;73
3.4;4 Gesenius’ Thesaurus and Mishnaic Hebrew Studies;77
3.4.1;4.1 Introductory Remarks;77
3.4.2;4.2 Data in need of correction;79
3.4.3;4.3 Augmentation of incomplete data;82
3.4.4;4.4 Early signs of MH scholarship;84
3.4.5;4.5 Summary remarks;88
3.5;5 ... ..... ..... .....:When did ..... Come to Denote ‘Jew’?;89
3.6;6 Biblical Language in Mishnaic Texts;95
3.6.1;6.1 Introductory comments;95
3.6.2;6.2 Relationship of the Mishna to Biblical Hebrew;96
3.6.3;6.3 Substantive changes due to biblical influence;100
3.6.3.1;6.3.1 ... ..... ......;100
3.6.3.2;6.3.2 .... ..... ......;103
3.6.4;6.4 Concluding comment;107
3.7;7. ........... ... ........ .......:Regarding One Sentence from the Letter to Pelatyahu;109
3.8;8. The verse .... ......... (‘Hear, O Israel’) in Greek transcription on an ancient amulet;117
3.8.1;8.1 The text;118
3.8.2;8.2 Linguistic comments;118
3.8.3;8.3 Summary;122
4;B Qumran Hebrew;123
4.1;9 A Few Remarks on Mishnaic Hebrew and Aramaic in Qumran Hebrew;125
4.1.1;9.1 Mishnaic Hebrew and Qumran Hebrew;125
4.1.1.1;9.1.1 Example 1;125
4.1.1.2;9.1.2 Example 2;127
4.1.2;9.2 Aramaic at Qumran;128
4.1.2.1;9.2.1 Example 1;129
4.1.2.2;9.2.2 Example 2;130
4.1.3;9.3 Summary;132
4.2;10 On Several Linguistic Features of Qumran Hebrew;133
4.2.1;10.1 .....;133
4.2.2;10.2 ....;141
4.2.3;10.3 .. .....;143
4.2.4;10.4 ......;145
4.2.4.1;10.4.1 .. = ......;145
4.2.4.2;10.4.2 ...... = ......;149
4.2.5;10.5 Concluding remarks;151
4.3;11 Qumran Hebrew Between Biblical and Mishnaic Hebrews: A Morphological Study;153
4.3.1;11.1 Introductory Comments;153
4.3.2;11.2 Third-person Pronominal Suffixes on Plural Nouns with the Ending ...;154
4.3.2.1;11.2.1 Biblical Hebrew;154
4.3.2.1.1;11.2.1.1 Distribution patterns in some biblical books;156
4.3.2.1.2;11.2.2.1 Analysis of one late biblical text;156
4.3.2.2;11.2.2 Mishnaic Hebrew;157
4.3.3;11.3 A note on the Samaritan Pentateuch;159
4.3.4;11.4 QH and Ben Sira;160
4.3.5;11.5 Summary of the findings within Hebrew;163
4.3.6;11.6 Concluding comments;164
4.4;12 Mistaken Repetitions or Double Readings?;167
4.4.1;12.1 The Data and the Interpretations Current in the Scholarly Literature;167
4.4.2;12.2 A Proposal for a New Explanation of the Phenomenon;170
4.4.3;12.3 Conclusion;178
4.5;13 Two Issues in Qumran Hebrew: Synchronic and Diachronic Perspectives;179
4.5.1;13.1 Introductory Comments;179
4.5.2;13.2 ....../...... (........);181
4.5.3;13.3 ....... (........) and .....;188
4.5.4;13.4 Concluding Comments;193
4.6;14 Grammatical and Lexicographic Notes on a Qumran Fragment 4Q374 ii);195
4.6.1;14.1 Introductory Remarks;195
4.6.2;14.2 ... ..... .. ......;196
4.6.3;14.3 .....;201
4.6.4;14.4 Conclusion;209
4.7;15. .... ...... / ..... ......;211
4.7.1;15.1 Introductory Remarks;211
4.7.2;15.2 A biblical expression in the Damascus Covenant and its pesher;212
4.7.3;15.3 Concluding Statements;219
4.8;16 The Patterns Pe‘ila and Pi‘‘ul in Qumran Hebrew;221
4.8.1;16.1 Introductory Comments;221
4.8.2;16.2 Specifics and Generalities in the relationship of Qumran Hebrew to Mishnaic Hebrew;224
4.8.3;16.3 The Pattern Pe‘ila;225
4.8.4;16.4 The Pattern Pi‘‘ul;231
4.8.5;16.5 Concluding Remarks;237
5;C. Mishnaic Hebrew and Aramaic;241
5.1;17 Mishnaic Hebrew: An Introductory Survey;243
5.1.1;17.1 Mishnaic Hebrew and Rabbinic literature;243
5.1.2;17.2 The Origin of Mishnaic Hebrew;245
5.1.3;17.3 Biblical Hebrew and Mishnaic Hebrew;246
5.1.3.1;17.3.1 Common and Contrasting Features;246
5.1.3.2;17.3.2 Diachronic Differences;247
5.1.3.3;17.3.3 Dialectal differences;248
5.1.3.4;17.3.4 Difference of Tradition;250
5.1.3.5;17.3.5 Literary Influence of Biblical Hebrew upon Mishnaic Hebrew;251
5.1.4;17.4 Unity and Diversity in Mishnaic Hebrew;253
5.1.4.1;17.4.1 The assumption of uniformity re-examined;253
5.1.4.2;17.4.2 Contrasts between the language of the Tannaim and the language of the Amoraim;254
5.1.4.3;17.4.3 Mishnaic Hebrew and its different dialects;255
5.1.4.4;17.4.4 Linguistic differences within the Mishnah;257
5.1.4.5;17.4.5 Editions and manuscripts;258
5.1.4.6;17.4.6 Linguistic types in the manuscripts of the Mishnah;260
5.1.4.7;17.4.7 Special traditions;261
5.1.4.8;17.4.8 Written and Oral Traditions;262
5.1.5;17.5 Mishnaic Hebrew and Other Languages;263
5.1.5.1;17.5.1 The situation of multi-lingualism;263
5.1.5.2;17.5.2 Mishnaic Hebrew and Aramaic;264
5.1.5.3;17.5.3 Borrowings from Greek and Latin;267
5.1.6;17.6 Mishnaic Hebrew from indirect sources;268
5.1.6.1;17.6.1 Direct and indirect sources;268
5.1.6.2;17.6.2 Documents from the Judean Desert;270
5.1.6.3;17.6.3 The Samaritan tradition;271
5.1.6.4;17.6.4 Greek and Latin Transcriptions;273
5.1.6.5;17.6.5 The language of Liturgy and the Piyyut;274
5.1.7;17.7 Conclusion;274
5.2;18 The Study of Mishnaic Hebrew Grammar Based on Written Sources: Achievements, Problems, and Tasks;277
5.2.1;18.1 Introductory Remarks;277
5.2.2;18.2 Research and Achievements;278
5.2.2.1;18.2.1 Description of Mishnaic Hebrew Studies;278
5.2.2.2;18.2.2 Some Central Questions in the Study of Mishnaic Hebrew;278
5.2.2.3;18.2.3 Results of Mishnaic Hebrew Research;286
5.2.2.4;18.2.4 Unity of Mishnaic Hebrew;289
5.2.3;18.3 Problems and Tasks;294
5.2.3.1;18.3.1 Investigations of Reliable Manuscripts and other Manuscripts;294
5.2.3.2;18.3.1 Strata versus Traditions;296
5.2.3.3;18.3.3 Reliable Traditions and Scribal Corrections;298
5.2.3.4;18.3.4 Expanding the Fields of Research;299
5.2.3.4.1;18.3.4.1 Investigation of the Different Periods of Mishnaic Hebrew;299
5.2.3.4.2;18.3.4.2 Investigation of Traditions and Other Manuscripts;300
5.2.3.4.3;18.3.4.3 Investigation of Traditions and Examination of General Grammatical Topics;301
5.2.3.4.4;18.3.4.5 Proportions between Research Fields;302
5.2.3.5;18.3.5 Preparing a New Grammar of Mishnaic Hebrew;303
5.2.4;18.4 Concluding Remarks;304
5.3;19 The Different Traditions of Mishnaic Hebrew;307
5.3.1;19.1 Introduction;307
5.3.2;19.2 The Division of Mishnaic Hebrew into Different Traditions;308
5.3.3;19.3 The Western tradition vis-à-vis the Eastern tradition within the Palestinian branch;310
5.3.4;19.4 The Palestinian branch vis-à-vis the Babylonian branch;312
5.3.5;19.5 Comments on the Proposed Divisions;314
5.3.6;19.6 The Western and Eastern traditions of the Palestinian branch;318
5.3.6.1;19.6.1 Gemination of reš;318
5.3.6.2;19.6.2 The relative šîn with š.wa;320
5.3.6.3;19.6.3 The realization of the short vowel [u];320
5.3.6.4;19.6.4 The Final Vowel in the Qatt and Related Noun Patterns;323
5.3.6.5;19.6.5 The Definite Article with segol before ’aleph with qame?;323
5.3.6.6;19.6.6 Noun Pattern po‘lan/pa‘lan;324
5.3.6.6.1;19.6.6.1 ......./.......;326
5.3.6.6.2;19.6.6.2 The plural ........./........;325
5.3.7;19.7 The Nature of the Differences between the Western and Eastern Traditions;326
5.3.8;19.8 The Historical Background of the Different Traditions of the Western Branch;327
5.3.9;19.9 The Palestinian Branch and the Babylonian Branch;331
5.3.10;19.10 Background of the Linguistic Differences between the Two Branches;332
5.3.11;19.11 Conclusion;339
5.4;20 The System of binyanim in Mishnaic Hebrew (A Morphological Study);343
5.4.1;20.1 The binyanim in general;343
5.4.2;20.2 Comments on the common binyanim;344
5.4.3;20.3 Comments on the uncommon binyanim;346
5.4.3.1;20.3.1 Pu‘al;346
5.4.3.2;20.3.2 Nuf‘al;349
5.4.3.3;20.3.3 Nipp.‘al;353
5.4.3.4;20.3.4 Pe‘el (pa‘‘el), po‘al (m?fo‘‘al), ni?pa‘‘al;355
5.4.3.5;20.3.5 Pe‘el;356
5.4.3.6;20.3.6 Po‘al;358
5.4.3.7;20.3.7 Ni.pa‘al;358
5.4.4;20.4 Comments on these three binyanim;359
5.4.4.1;20.4.1 Po‘el, Ni.po‘el;362
5.4.4.2;20.4.2 Po‘el;363
5.4.4.3;20.4.3 Ni.po‘al;363
5.4.4.4;20.4.4 Ni..ap¯ ‘al;366
5.4.5;20.5 Other binyanim?;368
5.4.6;20.6 Conclusion;368
5.5;21 The Formation of the Nif‘al III-yod Participle in Mishnaic Hebrew;373
5.5.1;21.1 The Readings Traditions in the Bible;373
5.5.2;21.2 The Mishnaic Hebrew Traditions that have been Studied;374
5.5.3;21.3 Other Traditions of Mishnaic Hebrew;375
5.5.4;21.4 MS Antonin;376
5.5.5;21.5 MS Parma B;376
5.5.6;21.6 MS Kaufmann, MS Paris, and the Livorno Edition;378
5.5.7;21.7 Summary;382
5.5.8;21.8 Appendix;386
5.6;22 Comments on the Morphology of Nouns in Mishnaic Hebrew: Nouns Attested and Unattested in Biblical Hebrew;389
5.6.1;22.1 Introduction;389
5.6.2;22.2 Nouns Attested in BH;390
5.6.3;22.3 Nouns Not in BH;394
5.6.4;22.4 Summary;395
5.7;23 Mishnaic Hebrew and Biblical Hebrew;397
5.7.1;23.1 Introductory Remarks;397
5.7.2;23.2 Rabbinic Hebrew vis-à-vis Biblical Hebrew in Nominal Morphology;400
5.7.2.1;23.2.1 Nouns borrowed from the Bible;401
5.7.2.2;23.2.2 Nouns Common to the Languages of the Bible and the Mishnah;404
5.7.3;23.3 Conclusion;406
5.8;24 On the Language of the Beit ‘Amar Papyrus;409
5.8.1;24.1 Preliminary Notes;409
5.8.2;24.2 On the General Nature of the Language in the Document;410
5.8.3;24.3 Orthography;411
5.8.4;24.4 Orthography and phonology;413
5.8.5;24.5 Minor items in Configuration and Syntax;418
5.8.6;24.6 Concluding note;419
5.9;25 From Oral Transmission to Written Transmission (Concerning the meaning of some orthographic forms in the manuscripts of the Mishnah and of Rabbinic Literature);421
5.9.1;25.1 Introductory Comments;421
5.9.2;25.2 Unusual orthographic forms and their meanings;422
5.9.2.1;25.2.1 ... ...../... ..... –a quarter-qab of bones;422
5.9.2.2;25.2.2 ....../...... – has arisen;422
5.9.2.3;25.2.3 ....../.......;423
5.9.2.4;25.2.4 ..../.....;425
5.9.3;25.3 Additions;427
5.9.3.1;25.3.1 .. . >.... ,as in ....>.....;427
5.9.3.2;25.3.2 ...> ..;429
5.9.3.3;25.3.3 The spelling of short words;430
5.9.4;25.4 Summary;430
6;Bibliography;433
7;Indexes;451
