E-Book, Englisch, Band 117, 270 Seiten
Reihe: Beiträge zum ausländischen und internationalen Privatrecht
Law and Policy Perspectives
E-Book, Englisch, Band 117, 270 Seiten
Reihe: Beiträge zum ausländischen und internationalen Privatrecht
ISBN: 978-3-16-154984-7
Verlag: Mohr Siebeck
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)
Autoren/Hrsg.
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Weitere Infos & Material
1;Cover;1
2;Preface;6
3;Contents;8
4;Abbreviations;10
5;Introduction;14
5.1;Jürgen Basedow: Boosting the Economy – Special Economic Zones or Nationwide Deregulation?;16
5.1.1;I. Special Economic Zones in Asian Countries;17
5.1.1.1;1. Survey;17
5.1.1.2;2. Comparative observations;18
5.1.2;II. Reasons for the Geographical Confinement of Reform Legislation;20
5.1.3;III. Variants of Deregulation in Europe and Germany;22
5.1.4;IV. Market Deregulation – Foundations;24
5.1.4.1;1. Constitutive and restrictive regulations;24
5.1.4.2;2. Consequences of (de-)regulation;25
5.1.5;V. Market Deregulation – Implementation in Germany;27
5.1.6;VI. Flexibilization of the Labor Market;30
5.1.7;VII. Conclusion;32
6;I. Foundations;34
6.1;Ren Yatsunami: Historical Perspective on Special Economic Zones in Japan;36
6.1.1;I. Introduction;36
6.1.2;II. The Rise of Special Economic Zones in Japan;37
6.1.2.1;1. The government’s view on Special Economic Zones in the past;38
6.1.2.1.1;a) Policy debates on Special Economic Zones in the late 20?? century;38
6.1.2.1.2;b) Special Economic Zones in Okinawa;40
6.1.2.2;2. Historical analysis;44
6.1.2.2.1;a) The “well-balanced land development” principle;44
6.1.2.2.2;b) Special Economic Zones as an institution for regional economic gap adjustment;45
6.1.3;III. Special Economic Zones for Stimulating the National Economy;47
6.1.3.1;1. Special Zones for structural reform;48
6.1.3.1.1;a) Proposal through multiple channels;48
6.1.3.1.2;b) Legislative history;52
6.1.3.2;2. Comprehensive Special Zones;53
6.1.3.2.1;a) Historical background;53
6.1.3.2.2;b) Selection and focus;55
6.1.4;IV. Special Economic Zones in Abenomics;56
6.1.4.1;1. National strategic Special Zones;57
6.1.4.1.1;a) The Takenaka proposal;57
6.1.4.1.2;b) Drill to break through the bedrock of vested interests;58
6.1.4.2;2. Local Abenomics;60
6.1.4.2.1;a) Impact of the Masuda Report;60
6.1.4.2.2;b) Special Zones for Regional Revitalization;62
6.1.5;V. Conclusion;63
6.2;Toshiyuki Kono / Kazuaki Kagami: The Structure and Functions of Special Economic Zones;64
6.2.1;I. Introduction;64
6.2.2;II. Preliminary Discussions;65
6.2.2.1;1. Definition of SEZ;65
6.2.2.2;2. Overview of SEZs;66
6.2.2.3;3. Traditional types of SEZs;67
6.2.2.3.1;a) Basic stance of differentiation;67
6.2.2.3.2;b) Type I: Expansion of transaction volumes;68
6.2.2.3.3;c) Type II: Promotion of manufacturing;68
6.2.2.3.4;d) Type III: Hybrid;69
6.2.2.3.5;e) Changes to the SEZ’s character;69
6.2.2.4;4. Contemporary types of SEZs;70
6.2.2.4.1;a) SEZs to promote structural reform;70
6.2.2.4.2;b) Role of law;70
6.2.2.4.3;c) Dilemma;70
6.2.2.5;5. Two analytical perspectives: macro and micro;71
6.2.3;III. Macro Analysis;71
6.2.3.1;1. Introduction;71
6.2.3.2;2. Isolated SEZs;73
6.2.3.2.1;a) Development of the isolated SEZs;73
6.2.3.2.2;b) Implication for policy;74
6.2.3.3;3. SEZs and the link to surrounding areas I: Static functions;74
6.2.3.3.1;a) Supply of business resources;74
6.2.3.3.2;b) Trickle-down effect – spreading from SEZs to its surrounding areas;74
6.2.3.3.3;c) Spillover – spreading effects from SEZs to surrounding areas;75
6.2.3.3.4;d) Outflow of business resources from surrounding areas;75
6.2.3.3.5;e) Diverse conditions for business activities;76
6.2.3.3.6;f) Implications for policy making;76
6.2.3.4;4. SEZs and the link with surrounding areas II: Dynamic functions;76
6.2.3.4.1;a) Policy laboratory;76
6.2.3.5;5. SEZs linked to foreign countries;78
6.2.3.5.1;a) Introduction of resources;78
6.2.3.5.2;b) Expansion of exportation;80
6.2.3.5.3;c) Support of infant industry;81
6.2.3.5.4;d) Inter-regional competition;81
6.2.3.6;6. SEZs linked with foreign and surrounding areas;82
6.2.3.6.1;a) Theoretical analysis;82
6.2.3.6.2;b) Empirical studies;83
6.2.3.6.3;c) Implications for policy;86
6.2.4;IV. SEZs from the Micro Perspective;86
6.2.4.1;1. Introduction;86
6.2.4.2;2. SEZ as a system;87
6.2.4.2.1;a) System approach;87
6.2.4.2.2;b) Elements of SEZs (1): players;87
6.2.4.2.3;c) Elements of SEZs (2): environment;87
6.2.4.2.4;d) Interrelations among elements in SEZs;88
6.2.4.3;3. SCP approach;89
6.2.4.3.1;a) Introduction to the SCP approach;89
6.2.4.3.2;b) Complexity: cyclicality between structure, conduct and performance;90
6.2.4.3.3;c) SEZs through the lens of the SCP approach;91
6.2.4.3.4;d) Classification of SEZs from the SCP approach;91
6.2.4.4;4. Marshall’s model of industrial agglomeration;92
6.2.4.4.1;a) Marshall’s externality and industrial agglomeration;92
6.2.4.4.2;b) Spillover;92
6.2.4.4.3;c) Local common resources;94
6.2.4.4.4;d) Local labor market for specific skills;95
6.2.4.4.5;e) Valid policy measures;95
6.2.4.4.6;f) Public choice;96
6.2.4.4.7;g) Criticism;96
6.2.4.5;5. Jacob’s agglomeration model;96
6.2.4.5.1;a) Basic concepts and functions;96
6.2.4.5.2;b) Three key concepts (1): diversity;97
6.2.4.5.3;c) Three key concepts (2): form of contacts;98
6.2.4.5.4;d) Three key concepts (3): institutional support;99
6.2.4.5.5;e) Conduct and performance;99
6.2.4.5.6;f) Public support;100
6.2.4.5.7;g) Summary;102
6.2.4.6;6. Industrial clusters;103
6.2.4.6.1;a) Definition and classification;103
6.2.4.6.2;b) Governance of the industrial cluster;106
6.2.4.6.3;c) Ecosystem;107
6.2.4.6.4;d) Public policy;108
6.2.4.7;7. Self-choice type of industrial agglomerations;109
6.2.4.7.1;a) Feature;109
6.2.4.7.2;b) Structure, conduct and performance;109
6.2.4.7.3;c) Experiment: a new insolvency procedure to attract players?;110
6.2.5;V. Summary and Conclusion;111
6.3;Hideaki Shiroyama: Political Dimensions of Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy and the Importance of Local Contexts;112
6.3.1;I. Introduction;112
6.3.2;II. Scope of Science, Technology and Innovation Policies;113
6.3.3;III. Risk Management;114
6.3.4;IV. Institutional Design of Risk Regulation;118
6.3.5;V. Promotion of Knowledge Production;121
6.3.6;VI. Social Introduction of Technology;125
6.3.7;VII. Mechanisms of Comprehensive Decision-Making and Decision Support Methods;127
7;II. Special Economic Zones and the Legal Environment;130
7.1;Tom Ginsburg: Special Economic Zones: A Constitutional Political Economy Perspective;132
7.1.1;I. Introduction;132
7.1.2;II. The Spatial Dimensions of Constitutional Regulation;133
7.1.3;III. Federalism;135
7.1.4;IV. Special Economic Zones as Asymmetric Federalism?;138
7.1.5;V. Mechanisms of Policy Transmission;139
7.1.6;VI. Conclusion;141
7.2;Carsten Herresthal: Protection of Freedom of Contract by Private Law after (Local) Deregulation;144
7.2.1;I. Introduction: Private Law as the Residual Legal Order;144
7.2.2;II. Main Functions of Private Law after Measures of Deregulation;146
7.2.2.1;1. Protection of freedom of contract by private law;146
7.2.2.1.1;a) Protection of free market decisions of the market participants;146
7.2.2.1.1.1;(1) Protection against restrictions by the state;147
7.2.2.1.1.2;(2) Protection against restrictions by other market participants;149
7.2.2.1.2;b) Protection of the free market;150
7.2.2.1.2.1;(1) Market power;151
7.2.2.1.2.2;(2) Asymmetric information;151
7.2.2.1.2.3;(3) Monopolies;152
7.2.2.1.3;c) Protection of competition;152
7.2.2.2;2. Enabling function of private law;153
7.2.2.3;3. Partial substitution of public law regulations with private law rules;154
7.2.2.3.1;a) Objectives of private law regulation;155
7.2.2.3.2;b) The case of private law compensation of market failure;155
7.2.3;III. Private Law Instruments;156
7.2.4;IV. The Enforcement of Private Law Rules;157
7.2.5;V. Special Private Law as an Adequate Means for Special Economic Zones?;158
7.2.5.1;1. Private law and national objectives;158
7.2.5.2;2. Experimental aspects within private law;160
7.2.5.3;3. Utilization of private law;161
7.2.5.4;4. The law of conflict of laws;163
7.2.6;VI. Summary;164
7.3; Wolfgang Wurmnest: Special Economic Zones, Deregulation and Competition Law;166
7.3.1;I. Introduction;166
7.3.2;II. Market Regulation and Competition Law;168
7.3.2.1;1. Constitutional and special regulation;168
7.3.2.2;2. Regulation needs justification;168
7.3.2.3;3. The role of competition law;171
7.3.3;III. Creating Economic Zones (Japan);173
7.3.3.1;1. Concept and implementation;173
7.3.3.1.1;a) A brief history of Special Economic Zones in Japan;173
7.3.3.1.2;b) The economic zones of the Abe administration;174
7.3.3.2;2. Regulatory competition and regional deregulation;174
7.3.3.2.1;a) Effects on competition;174
7.3.3.2.2;b) SEZs as useful laboratories;175
7.3.3.2.3;c) Possible limitations to ease the effects of distortion;176
7.3.3.3;3. Summary;177
7.3.4;IV. Deregulation of Monopolistic Markets (Europe);178
7.3.4.1;1. Deregulation in Europe;178
7.3.4.2;2. Complementing the competition rules;178
7.3.4.3;3. Importance of rigorous enforcement of unilateral conduct rules;179
7.3.4.4;4. Implications for Japan;181
7.3.5;V. Conclusion;184
8;III. Areas of Law Affected;186
8.1;?aslav Pejovi?: Japanese Labor Law: Hurdles on the Road to Abenomics;188
8.1.1;I. Introduction;188
8.1.2;II. Main Features of the Traditional Employment System;189
8.1.2.1;1. Long-term employment;189
8.1.2.2;2. Seniority system;191
8.1.2.3;3. Labor unions;191
8.1.2.4;4. Safety of employment;192
8.1.3;III. New Developments;196
8.1.3.1;1. Changes in the structure of employees;196
8.1.3.2;2. Changes in the wage and evaluation systems;198
8.1.3.3;3. Recent trends in dismissal law;199
8.1.3.4;4. Legal reforms;200
8.1.4;IV. Impact of Abenomics on Employment Policy;202
8.1.4.1;1. Special Economic Zones;203
8.1.4.2;2. Promotion of limited regular employment;205
8.1.5;V. Further Directions;207
8.1.5.1;1. Impact of demographic changes on labor;207
8.1.5.2;2. Government policy;208
8.1.5.3;3. Dismissal law may change?;210
8.1.5.4;4. Back to the future?;212
8.1.6;VI. Conclusion;213
8.2;Shinto Teramoto: How Industrial Policy Affects the Nurturing of Innovation – From the Perspective of Intellectual Property Rights;216
8.2.1;I. Laws and Governmental Activity Aimed at the Promotion of Innovation;217
8.2.1.1;1. Future innovation depends on past innovation;217
8.2.1.2;2. Future innovations occur at the intersection of past innovations;218
8.2.1.3;3. How intellectual property rights restrict the transfer of the effects of a past innovation;219
8.2.1.4;4. Trends emphasizing the role of diversity;221
8.2.2;II. Under what Conditions do IP Rights Promote a Wider and Quicker Diffusion of New Works of Authorship or Inventions Embodied in Products or Services?;223
8.2.2.1;1. Model;224
8.2.2.1.1;a) The basic concepts of the model;224
8.2.2.1.1.1;(1) Implementing the impact of a consumer network in the model;224
8.2.2.1.1.2;(2) Correcting the implicit assumption of limited demand;225
8.2.2.1.2;b) Designing a model;226
8.2.2.1.3;c) Parameters to assess the results of experiments on Model?;232
8.2.2.2;2. Discussion using Model?;233
8.2.2.2.1;a) Competition between suppliers, both with weak sales capabilities,in a market with limited demand;233
8.2.2.2.2;b) Competition between a supplier with stronger sales capabilities and another supplier with weaker sales capabilities in a market with limited demand;237
8.2.2.2.3;c) Competition between suppliers, both with strong sales capabilities, in a market with limited demand;241
8.2.2.2.4;d) Competition between suppliers, both with weak sales capabilities, in a market with growing demand;243
8.2.2.2.5;e) Competition between a supplier with stronger sales capabilities and another supplier with weaker sales capabilities in a market with growing demand;247
8.2.2.2.6;f) Competition between suppliers, both with strong sales capabilities, in a market with growing demand;251
8.2.2.3;3. Suggestions derived from the discussion using Model?;253
8.2.2.4;4. The viability of Model?;254
8.2.2.4.1;a) The advantage of Model? as opposed to conventional market models;254
8.2.2.4.2;b) The advantage of the models denoting a market with growing demand;255
8.2.3;III. Under which Conditions do IP Rights Help a New Entrant Supplier in a Market to Overcome its Disadvantage against Existing Suppliers?;256
8.2.3.1;1. The pros and cons of legal protection of intellectual property – from the perspective of new entrants to a market;256
8.2.3.2;2. Perspectives for devising a model to estimate the advantage of the respective suppliers in the market;257
8.2.3.3;3. Eigenvector centrality as an index;259
8.2.3.4;4. Designing a model;260
8.2.3.5;5. Examples of models;262
8.2.3.6;6. Suggestions derived from the experiments using Model?;268
8.2.4;IV. Conclusions and Suggestions for a Governmental Innovation Policy;269
9;Contributors;272
