Bourgeois / Minker Time-Domain Beamforming and Blind Source Separation

Speech Input in the Car Environment
1. Auflage 2009
ISBN: 978-0-387-68836-7
Verlag: Springer
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band 3, 225 Seiten

Reihe: Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering

This book addresses the problem of separating spontaneous multi-party speech by way of microphone arrays (beamformers) and adaptive signal processing techniques. It is written is a concise manner and an effort has been made such that all presented algorithms can be straightforwardly implemented by the reader. All experimental results have been obtained with real in-car microphone recordings involving simultaneous speech of the driver and the co-driver.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Bourgeois, Julien

Minker, Wolfgang

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;6
2;Acknowledgments;8
3;Contents;9
4;1 Introduction;13
4.1;1.1 Existing Approaches: A Brief Overview;14
4.2;1.2 Scope and Objective of the Book;15
4.3;1.3 Outline of the Book;16
5;2 Source Separation as a Multichannel Linear Filtering Problem;18
5.1;2.1 The Mixing Channels;18
5.2;2.2 The Separation Filters;21
5.3;2.3 Spatial Filtering vs. Spectral Filtering;29
5.4;2.4 Performance Measures;33
5.5;2.5 Summary and Conclusion;35
6;3 Linearly Constrained Minimum Variance Beamforming;37
6.1;3.1 LCMV Beamforming;37
6.2;3.2 From LCMV to Generalized Sidelobe Canceler ( GSC);40
6.3;3.3 Constraints for Compact and Distributed Setups;41
6.4;3.4 The Target Signal Cancelation Problem;44
6.5;3.5 Summary and Conclusion;47
7;4 Implicit Adaptation Control for Beamforming;49
7.1;4.1 Adaptive Interference Canceler;49
7.2;4.2 Implicit Adaptation Control;52
7.3;4.3 Analysis of the ILMS Algorithm;53
7.4;4.4 Robustness Improvement;61
7.5;4.5 Experiments;62
7.6;4.6 Summary and Conclusion;71
8;5 Second-Order Statistics Blind Source Separation;73
8.1;5.1 Problem and Notations;75
8.2;5.2 Nonstationarity and Source Separation;79
8.3;5.3 Gradient-Based Minimization;83
8.4;5.4 Natural Gradient Algorithm for NonSquare Systems;85
8.5;5.5 Summary and Conclusion;89
9;6 Implementation Issues in Blind Source Separation;90
9.1;6.1 Natural Gradient in the Convolutive Case;90
9.2;6.2 Online Adaptation;106
9.3;6.3 Experimental Results;109
9.4;6.4 Summary and Conclusion;120
10;7 On the Convergence and Stability in Second- Order Statistics BSS;122
10.1;7.1 Global Convergence;122
10.2;7.2 Local Stability;130
10.3;7.3 Summary and Conclusion;132
11;8 Comparison of LCMV Beamforming and Second- Order Statistics BSS;134
11.1;8.1 Properties of the Cost Functions;135
11.2;8.2 Complexity;142
11.3;8.3 Links with the ILMS Algorithm;149
11.4;8.4 Experimental Comparison;150
11.5;8.5 Summary and Conclusion;154
12;9 Combining Second-Order Statistics BSS and LCMV Beamforming;156
12.1;9.1 Existing Combinations;157
12.2;9.2 BSS and Geometric Prior Information;158
12.3;9.3 Combining SOS-BSS and the Power Criterion;172
12.4;9.4 Combining SOS-BSS with Geometric Prior Information and the Power Criterion;174
12.5;9.5 Experimental Results on Automatic Speech Recognition;176
12.6;9.6 Summary and Conclusion;180
13;10 Summary and Conclusions;182
14;A Experimental Setups;187
14.1;A.1 The Four-Element Compact Array Mounted in the Rear- View Mirror;187
14.2;A.2 The Two-Element Distributed Array Mounted on the Car Ceiling;187
14.3;A.3 Acoustic Characteristics of the Car Cabin;189
14.4;A.4 Illustration of the Difficulty in the Design of a Reliable DTD;189
15;B Far- and Free-Field Acoustic Propagation Model and Null Beamforming;192
15.1;B.1 Far- and Free-Field Model;192
15.2;B.2 Null Beamforming;193
16;C The RGSC According to Hoshuyama et al.;195
16.1;C.1 RGSC for the Four-Element Compact Array Mounted in the Rear- View Mirror;195
16.2;C.2 RGSC for the Two-Element Distributed Array Mounted on the Car Ceiling;197
16.3;C.3 Experimental Comparison: GSC vs. RGSC;198
16.4;C.4 Conclusion;202
17;D Stability Analysis;204
17.1;D.1 Mixing and Separation Models;204
17.2;D.2 Linearization of the NG-SOS-BSS Updates;205
17.3;D.3 Local Stability Conditions;208
18;E Notations;211
19;References;219
20;Index;226