Braun / Rosen Rheology Modifiers Handbook

Practical Use and Application
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-0-8155-1891-4
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: 6 - ePub Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 509 Seiten

This is the first single-volume handbook with the information a researcher needs to select the best rheology modifiers for his/her project. Information on 20 different types of rheology modifiers manufactured by 26 companies worldwide is described. These range from Acrylic Polymers to Xanthan Gum. This handbook was written because, in the authors' experience, the selection of a rheology modifier for specific applications is an arduous task. It requires researching the technical literature of numerous suppliers, contacting them for current information and recommendations, and paring the list of candidates from hundreds to a few dozen. This book will enable readers to easily identify the best candidates for an application with a minimum investment of time.The book is divided into four sections. Part I reviews rheology fundamentals. Part II presents details on the products available from the 26 represented companies. Part III focuses on the selection of suitable rheology modifier candidates. Part IV is a formulary containing the contributions of the suppliers.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Braun, David D.

Rosen, Meyer R.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Rheology Modifiers Handbook;2
3;Copyright Page;4
4;Contents;8
5;Preface;10
6;Part 1: Practical Rheology;13
6.1;Chapter 1. Introduction;14
6.2;Chapter 2. Special Characteristics of Dispersions and Emulsions;18
6.3;Chapter 3. Three Schools of Rheological Thinking;21
6.4;Chapter 4. Thinking Rheo-logically;24
6.5;Chapter 5. Definitions;26
6.6;Chapter 6. Types of Flow Behavior;31
6.7;Chapter 7. Characterization of Non-Newtonian Flow: Mathematical Models and Experimental Methods ;39
6.8;Chapter 8. Viscometry; Instrumentation and Use;61
6.9;9. Summary;76
6.10;10. Symbols and Abbreviations;77
6.11;11. References;79
7;Part 2: Commercially Available Rheology Modifiers;83
7.1;Introduction;84
7.2;Chapter 1. Acrylic Polymers;86
7.3;Chapter 2. Cross-linked Acrylic Polymers;93
7.4;Chapter 3. Alginates;101
7.5;Chapter 4. Associative Thickeners;106
7.6;Chapter 5. Carrageenan;111
7.7;Chapter 6. Microcrystalline Cellulose;118
7.8;Chapter 7. Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium;121
7.9;Chapter 8. Hydroxyethylcellulose;126
7.10;Chapter 9. Hydroxypropylcellulose;131
7.11;Chapter 10. Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose;133
7.12;Chapter 11. Methylcellulose;140
7.13;Chapter 12. Guar & Guar Derivatives;144
7.14;Chapter 13. Locust Bean Gum;150
7.15;Chapter 14. Organoclay;153
7.16;Chapter 15. Polyethylene;163
7.17;Chapter 16. Polyethylene Oxide;169
7.18;Chapter 17. Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone;173
7.19;Chapter 18. Silica;179
7.20;Chapter 19. Water-swellable Clay;186
7.21;Chapter 20. Xanthan Gum;196
8;Part 3: Selecting the Best Candidates;205
8.1;Introduction;206
8.2;Chapter 1. Food Applications;211
8.3;Chapter 2. Pharmaceutical Applications;225
8.4;Chapter 3. Personal Care Applications;234
8.5;Chapter 4. Household/Institutional Applications;254
9;Part 4: Formulary;269
9.1;Introduction;271
9.2;Chapter 1. Food Formulations;273
9.3;Chapter 2. Pharmaceutical Formulations;309
9.4;Chapter 3. Personal Care Formulations;352
9.5;Chapter 4. Household/institutional Formulations;437
10;Appendix A Suppliers of Vicometers and Other Rheological Instruments;501
11;Appendix B Trade Name Directory;510
12;Appendix C Suppliers of Rheology Modifiers;514

Leseproben

Part 2 Commercially Available Rheology Modifiers
Introduction   72 1. Acrylic Polymers   74 2. Cross-linked Acrylic Polymers   81 3. Alginates   89 4. Associative Thickness   94 5. Carrageenan   99 6. Microcrystalline Cellulose   106 7. Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium   109 8. Hydroxyethylcelluose   114 9. Hydroxypropylcellulose   119 10. Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose   121 11. Methylcellulose   128 12. Guar & Guar Derivatives   132 13. Locust Bean Gum   138 14. Organoclays   141 15. Polyethylene   151 16. Polyethylene Oxide   157 17. Polyvinylpyrrolidone   161 18. Silica   167 19. Water-swellable Clay   174 20. Xanthan Gum   184 Introduction
This part of the handbook presents the commercially available product lines of the 26 rheology modifier suppliers who have provided technical information for this work. Over 1000 products are included herein. It is also probable that there are other suppliers that the authors are not aware of, especially in the “Pacific Rim” or South America. Handbook users in those areas should consult local manufacturer directories to determine if other suppliers exist in their area. The term “commercially available” is intended to indicate that the products listed are available to any customer in any quantity, from as little as 501bs. to 50 tons or more. Many suppliers also produce other grades of product that are classified as experimental or proprietary. These are grades that are specially manufactured for specific large-volume applications or customers. These grades are not included in this handbook. Twenty different chemical types of rheology modifiers are included in this part of the handbook. They differ in chemical structure and performance. Each Section begins with a brief description of the chemical type and some key features and recommended applications for the particular type of rheology modifier. This information is obtained from the supplier’s technical literature and is not intended to be an exhaustive treatise on the subject. In-depth technical information is usually available in the supplier’s technical literature. Reference to this technical literature is also included in the introduction to each Section. It does not contain information on the supplier’s recommended handling procedures for his products. This is because it may vary for different suppliers and may, in fact, vary for different products from the same supplier. The supplier’s technical literature is always the best source of information on the recommended handling procedure to use. In each section the product lines are presented alphabetically by supplier’s name. Each product line is arranged according to the suppliers recommended application area for the products, i.e., food, pharmaceutical, personal care or household/institutional. The product line data are believed to be complete and accurate as of early-1999. But suppliers are continuously adding new and improved products to their lines. The handbook user is urged to contact suppliers (see Appendix C for contact information) to learn about new products that might also be candidates for the intended application. Note: These tables also contain the following less common abbreviations: 1 Acrylic Polymers
A Chemical Nature
Acrylic acid, H2C = CHCOOH, is an important building block of the chemical industry. The molecule contains both an unsaturated moiety that can be used for free-radical polymerization and a carboxylic acid group that can be reacted with a host of different chemical species. Although the overall chemical structure of the group of polymers in this Section varies, they all possess two common features; an acrylic polymer or copolymer backbone and pendant carboxylic acid groups, in some cases reacted with other organic species. When dispersed in aqueous media, and while the system is acidic, they produce minimal rheological effects. But when the pendant carboxylic groups are neutralized with an alkaline ingredient, the polymer is said to “swell” producing dramatic viscosity increase and rheology modification. Thus, these products are sometimes referred to as alkali-swellable acrylic polymers. They are highly efficient thickeners and rheology modifiers. F Useful References:
1. “Acrysol® Thickeners and Rheology Modifiers”, Rohm and Haas Company Bulletin RMT2A. 2. “Aculyn® 33 personal care polymer”, Rohm and Haas Company Bulletin FC-258. 3. “Hypan® Hydrogels – The link to versatile elegance”, LIPO Chemicals Bulletin. 4. “STRUCTURE® Rheology modifiers for hard-to-thicken systems”, National Starch & Chemical Bulletin l715-97-292. Table 2.1a LIPO Chemicals, Inc. Patterson, NJ, USA Hypan ® SA-100H Acrylic Acid/Acrylonitrogens Copolymer 15,000-40,000 Off-white to Straw Powder Requires
Neutralization Hypan SR-150H Acrylic Acid/Acrylonitrogens Copolymer 3,000-25,000 Off-white to Straw Powder Requires
Neutralization Hypan SS-201 Ammonium Acrylates/Acrylonitrogens 35,000-65,000 Off-white to Straw Powder Preneutralize with NH4OH Note for LIPO Acrylic Polymer data: 1 0.5% Aqueous solution measured at 25°C using Brookfield Model LVT with Helipath spindle T-E @ 12 rpm. Table 2.1b National Starch and Chemical Bridgewater, NJ, USA STRUCTURE® 20011 15,000-30,000 @ 1% 2.2-3.5 Emulsion 28-30 For high pH systems, low odor STRUCTURE 30012 20,000-52,000 @ 2% 2.2-3.5 Emulsion 28-30 High salt stability, low odor STRUCTURE PLUS3 n/a 8-9 Emulsion 19-21 Compatible with cationics, acid-swellable Notes for National Starch and Chemical Data: 1 INCI Name: Acrylates/Steareth-20 Itaconate Copolymer 2 INCI Name: Acrylates/Ceteth-20 Itaconate Copolymer 3 INCI Name: Acrylates/Aminoacrylates Copolymer (Proposed) 4 pH adjusted to 9 with NH4OH, using Brookfield Model RV @ 10 rpm. Table 2.1c RHEOX, Inc. Hightstown, NJ, USA RHEOLATE® 1 Alkali-swellable Acrylic Emulsion 30 Water RHEOLATE 101 Alkali-swellable Acrylic Powder 100 None RHEOLATE 420 Alkali-swellable Acrylic...