Butler (Analytical Chemistry) Advanced Topics in Forensic DNA Typing: Methodology

1. Auflage 2011
ISBN: 978-0-12-387823-6
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: 6 - ePub Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 704 Seiten

Intended as a companion to the Fundamentals of Forensic DNA Typing volume published in 2009, Advanced Topics in Forensic DNA Typing: Methodology contains 18 chapters with 4 appendices providing up-to-date coverage of essential topics in this important field and citation to more than 2800 articles and internet resources. The book builds upon the previous two editions of John Butler's internationally acclaimed Forensic DNA Typing textbook with forensic DNA analysts as its primary audience.  This book provides the most detailed information written to-date on DNA databases, low-level DNA, validation, and numerous other topics including a new chapter on legal aspects of DNA testing to prepare scientists for expert witness testimony. Over half of the content is new compared to previous editions. A forthcoming companion volume will cover interpretation issues. - Contains the latest information - hot-topics and new technologies - Well edited, attractively laid out, and makes productive use of its four-color format - Author John Butler is ranked as the number one 'high-impact author in legal medicine and forensic science, 2001 to 2011' by ScienceWatch.com

John M. Butler is a NIST Fellow and Special Assistant to the Director for Forensic Science, Office of Special Programs, at the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology, in Gaithersburg, Maryland. Dr. Butler earned his PhD from the University of Virginia while doing DNA research in the FBI Laboratory's Forensic Science Research Unit. He has won numerous scientific awards, including being named Science Watch's #1 world-wide high-impact author in legal medicine and forensic science over the last decade (July 2011). He has over 150 publications in this field and is a frequent presenter on the topic of DNA typing, and has authored four other DNA Typing books including Advanced Topics in Forensic DNA Typing: Methodology. For a detailed CV, visit http://www.cstl.nist.gov/strbase/butler.htm.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Butler (Analytical Chemistry), University of Virginia

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Advanced Topics in Forensic DNA Typing: Methodology;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Contents;8
5;Foreword;10
6;Introduction;12
7;Acknowledgments;16
8;About the Author;18
9;Chapter 1. Sample Collection, Storage, and Characterization;20
9.1;Steps in DNA Testing Process;20
9.2;Sample Collection;22
9.3;Sample Storage and Transport of DNA Evidence;28
9.4;Sample Characterization;29
9.5;Contamination Concerns;37
9.6;Reading List and Internet Resources;38
10;Chapter 2. DNA Extraction Methods;48
10.1;Purpose of DNA Extraction;48
10.2;Early Techniques used for DNA Extraction;50
10.3;Solid-Phase DNA Extraction Methods;53
10.4;Differential Extraction;56
10.5;Direct PCR to Bypass DNA Extraction;59
10.6;Reading List and Internet Resources;59
11;Chapter 3. DNA Quantitation;68
11.1;Purpose of DNA Quantitation;68
11.2;DNA Quantitation Methods;70
11.3;Real-Time Quantitative PCR (QPCR);74
11.4;DNA Quantitation as a Gatekeeper;83
11.5;Reading List and Internet Resources;84
12;Chapter 4. PCR Amplification: Capabilities and Cautions;88
12.1;PCR Background and Basics;88
12.2;PCR Components & Controls;94
12.3;Multiplex PCR;100
12.4;PCR Inhibition;102
12.5;Modifications to Improve PCR;104
12.6;Stochastic Effects;106
12.7;Precautions Against Contamination;107
12.8;New Capabilities with Improvements in PCR;109
12.9;Reading List and Internet Resources;110
13;Chapter 5. Short Tandem Repeat (STR) Loci and Kits;118
13.1;Genetic Markers and Repeated DNA Sequences;118
13.2;Core and Common STR Markers;122
13.3;Commercial STR Kits;127
13.4;Information on 23 Core and Commonly Used STR Loci;133
13.5;STR Allele Nomenclature;141
13.6;Null (Silent) Alleles;145
13.7;STR Typing;146
13.8;Gender Identification with Amelogenin;148
13.9;STRBase: an Internet Resource;151
13.10;Reading List and Internet Resources;151
14;Chapter 6. Capillary Electrophoresis: Principles and Instrumentation;160
14.1;Requirements for STR Typing;160
14.2;Principles and Components of Capillary Electrophoresis;161
14.3;Electrokinetic Injection;163
14.4;DNA Separation;165
14.5;Fluorescence Detection;170
14.6;Instrumentation;178
14.7;Reading List and Internet Resources;181
15;Chapter 7. Quality Assurance and Validation;186
15.1;Importance of Quality Assurance;186
15.2;Levels of QA/QC;191
15.3;Levels of Validation;195
15.4;Other Aids to Quality Assurance;213
15.5;Reading List and Internet Resources;220
16;Chapter 8. DNA Databases: Uses and Issues;232
16.1;Value of DNA Databases;232
16.2;National DNA Databases around the World;237
16.3;The U.S. National DNA Database;240
16.4;DNA Database Laws in the United States;256
16.5;Issues and Concerns with DNA Databases;258
16.6;When There are No Hits after a Database Search;273
16.7;Concerns of DNA Database Critics;280
16.8;Reading List and Internet Resources;283
17;Chapter 9. Missing Persons and Disaster Victim Identification Efforts;290
17.1;Missing Persons Investigations;290
17.2;Disaster Victim Identification (DVI);292
17.3;Issues Faced During Disaster Victim Identification Efforts;293
17.4;Reading List and Internet Resources;308
18;Chapter 10. Degraded DNA;312
18.1;Degraded DNA;312
18.2;Attempts with DNA Repair following DNA Damage;323
18.3;Reading List and Internet Resources;323
19;Chapter 11. Low-Level DNA Testing: Issues, Concerns, and Solutions;330
19.1;Introduction to Issues and Historical Overview;330
19.2;Assorted Topics;351
19.3;Reading List and Internet Resources;360
20;Chapter 12. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Applications;366
20.1;Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs);366
20.2;SNP Analysis Techniques;370
20.3;Applications;374
20.4;Ethical Considerations;379
20.5;Insertion-Deletion Polymorphisms;380
20.6;Summary and Final Thoughts;380
20.7;Reading List and Internet Resources;382
21;Chapter 13. Y-Chromosome DNA Testing;390
21.1;Lineage Markers;390
21.2;Applications of ChrY Testing;390
21.3;ChrY Structure;393
21.4;Y-STR Markers;395
21.5;Y-STR Haplotype Databases;401
21.6;Interpretation of Y-STR Results;404
21.7;Y-STR Use in Forensic Casework;409
21.8;Y-SNPs and Haplogroups;413
21.9;ChrY Historical and Genealogical Studies;415
21.10;Summary;415
21.11;Reading List and Internet Resources;416
22;Chapter 14. Mitochondrial DNA Analysis;424
22.1;Characteristics of mtDNA;424
22.2;Mitochondrial DNA Sequencing in Forensic Casework;432
22.3;Interpretation of mtDNA Results;444
22.4;Issues Impacting Interpretation;448
22.5;Laboratories Performing mtDNA Testing;452
22.6;Screening Assays for mtDNA Typing;454
22.7;Population Databases;457
22.8;Reading List and Internet Resources;464
23;Chapter 15. X-Chromosome Analysis;476
23.1;ChrX Inheritance and Application;477
23.2;Applications of ChrX Testing;477
23.3;X-STR Markers Commonly Used;479
23.4;X-STR locus HumARA no longer used;481
23.5;X-STR Kits and Multiplex Assays;481
23.6;Population Data Collection and Other Studies;482
23.7;Reading List and Internet Resources;485
24;Chapter 16. Non-human DNA;492
24.1;Domestic Animal DNA Testing;494
24.2;Species Identification;499
24.3;Wildlife DNA Testing;500
24.4;Plant & Pollen DNA Testing;502
24.5;Identification through Human Parasites;504
24.6;Microbial Forensics;504
24.7;Challenges with Presenting Non-Human DNA in Court;505
24.8;Reading List and Internet Resources;506
25;Chapter 17. New Technologies and Automation;516
25.1;Rapid DNA Analysis;516
25.2;Mass Spectrometry;519
25.3;Pyrosequencing;520
25.4;Next-Generation DNA Sequencing;521
25.5;Laboratory Automation;521
25.6;Summary and Final Thoughts;527
25.7;Reading List and Internet Resources;528
26;Chapter 18. Legal Aspects of DNA Testing and the Scientific Expert in Court;534
26.1;Including input from interviews with Dr. Robin Cotton, Ted Hunt, Brad Bannon, the Orange County (CA) District Attorney’s DNA Unit, and Dr. Charlotte Word;534
26.2;Science and Law: Different Perspectives;536
26.3;Legal Terms, Concepts, and Important Court Cases;539
26.4;The Courtroom Scene;540
26.5;The Scientific Expert Witness;546
26.6;Admissibility of Evidence;551
26.7;Types of DNA Cases and Opposing Counsel Tactics;555
26.8;Jury Comprehension of DNA Evidence;560
26.9;Facing the “CSI Effect”;561
26.10;Final Thoughts;562
26.11;Reading List and Internet Resources;562
27;Appendix 1 Reported Sizes and Sequences of STR Alleles;568
27.1;CSF1PO;570
27.2;FGA;571
27.3;TH01;575
27.4;TPOX;576
27.5;VWA;577
27.6;D3S1358;579
27.7;D5S818;581
27.8;D7S820;582
27.9;D8S1179 (listed as D6S502 in early papers);584
27.10;D13S317;586
27.11;D16S539;587
27.12;D18S51;588
27.13;D21S11;591
27.14;D2S1338;595
27.15;D19S433;597
27.16;Penta D;599
27.17;Penta E;601
27.18;D1S1656;603
27.19;D2S441;604
27.20;D10S1248;605
27.21;D12S391;606
27.22;D22S1045;608
27.23;SE33;609
28;Appendix 2 Familial DNA Searches: Potential, Pitfalls, and Privacy Concerns;622
28.1;Pitfalls of False Positives and False Negatives;624
28.2;Low Success Rates;625
28.3;Lineage Markers to Improve Success Rates;626
28.4;Supposed “Genetic Surveillance” of Families;626
29;Appendix 3 List of Suppliers for DNA Instruments, Reagents, Services;630
30;Appendix 4 Interviews Supporting Legal Aspects of DNA Testing;638
30.1;Interview with Dr. Robin Cotton on Being an Expert Witness;638
30.2;Interview with Dr. Charlotte Word on Admissibility Hearings;652
30.3;Interview with Ted Hunt, J.D., on a Prosecutor’s Perspective;656
30.4;Interview with the Orange County (California) District Attorney’s DNA Unit;663
30.5;Interview with Bradley Bannon, J.D., on a Defense Attorney’s Perspective;669
31;Subject Index;678