Voices from the Forest

Integrating Indigenous Knowledge into Sustainable Upland Farming
1. Auflage 2007
ISBN: 978-1-891853-92-0
Verlag: Taylor & Francis Inc

Buch, Englisch, 842 Seiten, Format (B × H): 253 mm x 179 mm, Gewicht: 1628 g

This handbook of locally based agricultural practices brings together the best of science and farmer experimentation, vividly illustrating the enormous diversity of shifting cultivation systems as well as the power of human ingenuity. Environmentalists have tended to disparage shifting cultivation (sometimes called 'swidden cultivation' or 'slash-and-burn agriculture') as unsustainable due to its supposed role in deforestation and land degradation. However, a growing body of evidence indicates that such indigenous practices, as they have evolved over time, can be highly adaptive to land and ecology. In contrast, 'scientific' agricultural solutions imposed from outside can be far more damaging to the environment. Moreover, these external solutions often fail to recognize the extent to which an agricultural system supports a way of life along with a society's food needs. They do not recognize the degree to which the sustainability of a culture is intimately associated with the sustainability and continuity of its agricultural system. Unprecedented in ambition and scope, Voices from the Forest focuses on successful agricultural strategies of upland farmers. More than 100 scholars from 19 countries--including agricultural economists, ecologists, and anthropologists--collaborated in the analysis of different fallow management typologies, working in conjunction with hundreds of indigenous farmers of different cultures and a broad range of climates, crops, and soil conditions. By sharing this knowledge--and combining it with new scientific and technical advances--the authors hope to make indigenous practices and experience more widely accessible and better understood, not only by researchers and development practitioners, but by other communities of farmers around the world.

Zielgruppe

Academic and Professional Practice & Development

Autoren/Hrsg.

Cairns, Malcolm

Fachgebiete

• Geowissenschaften Umweltwissenschaften Nachhaltigkeit

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Foreword
Preface

Map of Case Studies
Part I: Introduction
1. Challenges for Research and Development on Improving Shifting Cultivation Systems

2. Working with and for Plants: Indigenous Fallow Management in Perspective

3. Conceptualizing Indigenous Approaches to Fallow Management: A Road Map to this Volume

Part II: Retention or Promotion of Volunteer Species with Economic or Ecological Value
4. Relict Emergents in Swidden Fallows of the Lawa in Northern Thailand: Ecology and Economic Potential

5. Successional Forest Development in Swidden Fallows of Different Ethnic Groups in Northern Thailand

6. Kammu Fallow Management in Lao P.D.R., with Emphasis on Bamboo Use.
7. The Potential of Wild Vegetables as Permanent Crops or to Improve Fallows in Sarawak, Malaysia

8. Commercialization of Fallow Species by Bidayuh Shifting Cultivators in Sarawak, Malaysia
9. Wild Food Plants as Alternative Fallow Species in the Cordillera Region, the Philippines

10. Farmer-Developed Forage Management Strategies for Stabilization of Shifting Cultivation Systems

11. Managing Imperata Grasslands in Indonesia and Laos

12. Natural Forest Regeneration from an Imperata Fallow: The Case of Pakhasukjai

13. When Shifting Cultivators Migrate to the Cities, How Can the Forest be Rehabilitated?

Part III: Shrub-based Accelerated Fallows
14. Fallow Improvement with Chromolaena odorata in Upland Rice Systems of Northern Laos
15. Management of Fallows Based on Austroeupatorium inulaefolium by Minangkabau Farmers in Sumatra, Indonesia
16. Piper aduncum Fallows in the Lowlands of Papua New Guinea

17. Management of Tecoma stans Fallows in Semi-arid Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia

18. Improved Fallows Using a Spiny Legume, Mimosa invisa Martius ex Colla, in Western Leyte, the Philippines

19. Management of Mimosa diplotricha var. inermis as a Simultaneous Fallow in Northern Thailand

Part IV: Herbaceous Legume Fallows
20. Growing Ya Zhou Hyacinth Beans in the Dry Season on Hainan Island, China

21. Indigenous Fallow Management Based on Flemingia vestita in Northeast India

22. Benefits of Phaseolus calcaratus in Upland Farming in Northern Vietnam

23. Viny Legumes as Accelerated Seasonal Fallows: Intensifying Shifting Cultivation in Northern Thailand

Part V: Dispersed Tree-based Fallows
24. The Role of Leucaena in Swidden Cropping and Livestock Production in Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia

25. Use of Leucaena leucocephala to Intensify Indigenous Fallow Rotations in Sulawesi, Indonesia

26. Upland Rice Response to Leucaena leucocephala Fallows on Mindoro, the Philippines

27. The Naalad Improved Fallow System in the Philippines and its Implications for Global Warming

28. Farmers? Use of Sesbania grandiflora to Intensify Swidden Agriculture in North Central Timor, Indonesia

29. Alnus nepalensis-Based Agroforestry Systems in Yunnan, Southwest China

30. Shifting Forests in Northeast India: Management of Alnus nepalensis as an Improved Fallow in Nagaland

31. Managing the Species Composition of Fallows in Papua New Guinea by Planting Trees

32. Multipurpose Trees as an Improved Fallow: An Economic Assessment

33. Pruned-Tree Hedgerow Fallow Systems in Mindanao, the Philippines

Part VI: Perennial?Annual Crop Rotations
34. Teak Production by Shifting Cultivators in Northern Lao P.D.R.
35. Fallow Management in the Borderlands of Southwest China: The Case of Cunninghamia lanceolata

36. Indigenous Fallow Management with Melia azedarach Linn. in Northern Vietnam

37. Cost-Benefit Analysis of a Gmelina Hedgerow Improved Fallow System in Northern Mindanao, the Philippines

38. Innovations in Swidden-Based Rattan Cultivation by Benuaq-Dayak Farmers in East Kalimantan, Indonesia

39. Bamboo as a Fallow Crop on Timor Island, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia

Part VII: Agroforests
40. Indigenous Management of Paper Mulberry in Swidden Rice Fields and Fallows in Northern Lao P.D.R.
41. The Complex Agroforests of the Iban in West Kalimantan and their Possible Role in Fallow Management and Forest Regeneration

42. Does Tree Diversity Affect Soil Fertility? Findings from Fallow Systems in West Kalimantan

43. Forest Management and Classification of Fallows by Bidayuh Farmers in West Kalimantan

44. Indigenous Fallow Management on Yap Island

45. The Damar Agroforests of Krui, Indonesia: Justice for Forest Farmers

46. Upland Fallow Management with Styrax tonkinensis for Benzoin Production in Northern Lao P.D.R.

47. The Lemo System of Lacquer Agroforestry in Yunnan, China

48. From Shifting Cultivation to Sustainable Jungle Rubber: A History of Innovations in Indonesia

49. Rubber Plantations as an Alternative to Shifting Cultivation in Yunnan, China

50. Ma Kwaen: A Jungle Spice Used in Swidden Intensification in Northern Thailand

51. Alnus-Cardamom Agroforestry: Its Potential for Stabilizing Shifting Cultivation in the Eastern Himalayas
52. The Sagui Gru System: Karen Fallow Management Practices to Intensify Land Use in Western Thailand

53. Sandiu Farmers? Improvement of Fallows on Barren Hills in Northern Vietnam

Part VIII: Across Systems and Typologies
54. Strategies of Asian Shifting Cultivators in the Intensification Process

55. Rebuilding Soil Properties during the Fallow: Indigenous Innovations in the Highlands of Vietnam

56. Rattan and Tea-Based Intensification of Shifting Cultivation by Hani Farmers in Southwestern China

57. Indigenous Fallow Management Systems in Selected Areas of the Cordillera, the Philippines

58. Management Systems in Occidental Mindoro, the Philippines

59. Changes and Innovations in the Management of Shifting Cultivation Land in Bhutan

60. Swidden Agriculture in the Highlands of Papua New Guinea
61. The Problems of Shifting Cultivation in the Central Highlands of Vietnam

62. Some Indigenous Experiences in Intensification of Shifting Cultivation in Vietnam

Part IX: Themes: Property Rights, Markets, and Institutions
63. Productive Management of Swidden Fallows: Market Forces and Institutional Factors in Isabela, the Philippines
64. The Feasibility of Rattan Cultivation within Shifting Cultivation Systems: The Role of Policy and Market Institutions

65. The Role of Land Tenure in the Development of Cinnamon Agroforestry in Kerinci, Sumatra

66. Effects of Land Allocation on Shifting Cultivators in Vietnam

67. Managed Fallow Systems in the Changing Environment of Central Sumatra, Indonesia

68. Community-Based Natural Resource Management in Northern Thailand

Part X: Conclusions
69. Observations on the Role of Improved Fallow Management in Swidden Agricultural Systems

Botanical Index

Ethnic Group Index

Subject Index

Über Autor(innen)

Malcolm Cairns is a research scholar at the Australian National University in the Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Department of Anthropology.