Calisti / Strassner Advanced Autonomic Networking and Communication

1. Auflage 2008
ISBN: 978-3-7643-8569-9
Verlag: Springer
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 190 Seiten, eBook

Reihe: Whitestein Series in Software Agent Technologies and Autonomic Computing

This book presents a comprehensive reference of state-of-the-art e?orts and early results in the area of autonomic networking and communication. The essence of autonomic networking, and thus autonomic communication, is to enable the - tonomic component, device or system to govern the set of services and resources delivered at any given time while protecting context-sensitive business goals. An additionalchallengeistoprovideself-governanceinthefaceofchanginguserneeds, environmental conditions, and business objectives. In other words, an autonomic network understands relevant contextual data and changes to those data, and adapts the services and resources it provides in accordance with business-driven policies that protect user and business interests. Autonomic computing is often described as self-CHOP (self-con?guration, -healing, -optimisation, and -protection). Autonomic networking instead focuses on self-knowledge,which is the foundation to build self-governance.Note that self- CHOP functionality is still provided, but the emphasis of autonomic networking is on the foundation to realise self-CHOP, not in the di?erent self-* technologies and bene?ts.

Zielgruppe

Research

Autoren/Hrsg.

Calisti, Monique

Strassner, John C.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Architectures and Models.- Technology Neutral Principles and Concepts for Autonomic Networking.- A Telco Approach to Autonomic Infrastructure Management.- Modelling Behaviour and Distribution for the Management of Next Generation Networks.- Middleware and Services.- Autonomic Communication with RASCAL Hybrid Connectivity Management.- Autonomic Resource Regulation in IP Military Networks: A Situatedness Based Knowledge Plane.- Autonomic Service Access Management for Next Generation Converged Networks.- Networks.- Cross-layer Optimisations for Autonomic Networks.- An Autonomic MPLS DiffServ-TE Domain.- Game Theoretic Framework for Autonomic Spectrum Management in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks.

Leseproben

2 Electrochemical Wastewater Treatment Processes (p. 56-57)

Guohua Chen and Yung-Tse Hung
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
ELECTROCHEMICAL REACTORS FOR METAL RECOVERY
ELECTROCOAGULATION
ELECTROFLOTATION
ELECTRO-OXIDATION
SUMMARY
NOMENCLATURE
REFERENCES

1. INTRODUCTION

Using electricity to treat water was first proposed in England in 1889 (1). The application of electrolysis in mineral beneficiation was patented by Elmore in 1904 (2). Electrocoagulation (EC) with aluminum and iron electrodes was patented in the United States in 1909. The EC of drinking water was first applied on a large scale in the United States in 1946 (3,4). Because of the relatively large capital investment and the expensive electricity supply, electrochemical water or wastewater technologies did not find wide application worldwide then. However, in the United States and the former USSR extensive research during the following half century has accumulated abundant amount of knowledge. With the ever increasing standard of drinking water supply and the stringent environmental regulations regarding the wastewater discharge, electrochemical technologies have regained their importance worldwide during the past two decades. There are companies supplying facilities for metal recoveries, for treating drinking water or process water, treating various wastewaters resulting from tannery, electroplating, diary, textile processing, oil and oil in water emulsion, and so on.

Nowadays, electrochemical technologies have reached such a state that they are not only comparable with other technologies in terms of cost but also are more efficient and more compact. For some situations, electrochemical technologies may be the indispensable step in treating wastewaters containing refractory pollutants. In this chapter, the established technologies such as electrochemical reactors for metal recovery, EC, electroflotation (EF), and electro-oxidation (EO) will be examined. The emerging technologies such as electrophoto-oxidation, electro disinfection will not be discussed. Focus will be more on the technologies rather than analyzing the sciences or mechanisms behind them. For books dealing with environmentally related electrochemistry, the readers are referred to other publications (5–8). Before introducing the specific technologies, are reviewed few terminologies that are concerned by electrochemical process engineers. The most frequently referred terminology besides potential and current may be the current density (i) the current per area of electrode. It determines the rate of a process. The next parameter is current efficiency (CE) the ratio of current consumed in producing a target product to that of total consumption.