E-Book, Englisch, 496 Seiten
Carrow / Duncan Best Management Practices for Saline and Sodic Turfgrass Soils
Erscheinungsjahr 2011
ISBN: 978-1-4398-1475-8
Verlag: Taylor & Francis
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 0 - No protection
Assessment and Reclamation
E-Book, Englisch, 496 Seiten
ISBN: 978-1-4398-1475-8
Verlag: Taylor & Francis
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 0 - No protection
The complex issues involved in the management of saline and sodic turfgrass soils are enough to perplex even the most experienced site manager — there is no "silver bullet" amendment, treatment, or grass for salinity management. Best Management Practices for Saline and Sodic Turfgrass Soils: Assessment and Reclamation presents comprehensive scientific principles and detailed, practical management and assessment recommendations for turfgrass and landscape sites.
The authors use the Best Management Practices (BMPs) concept, considered the gold-standard management approach for any individual environmental issue, since it is a whole ecosystem (holistic), science-based salinity management approach that allows all possible management options to be considered and implemented on a site-specific basis. They identify BMP strategies, including irrigation system design; irrigation scheduling and salinity leaching; chemical, physical, and biological amendments; cultivation; topdressing; soil modification; sand-capping; surface and subsurface drainage options; nutritional practices; additional cultural practices; and ongoing monitoring. The book presents emerging challenges, technology, and concepts that address integration of salinity management into comprehensive site environmental or sustainable management systems, use of halophytic turfgrasses for non-traditional purposes, integration of geospatial and geostatistical concepts and technology, and integration of new sensor technology into daily management paradigms.
Outlining a holistic BMP approach, the book incorporates scientific principles and practical management recommendations and details specific salinity challenges and the logic behind each BMP strategy for salinity management, with an emphasis on actual field problems. The book is formatted for flexible use, with stand-alone chapters that include outlines for quick review of a topic for those requiring only a basic understanding as well as in-depth discussions of the science and practical aspects for those seeking a more rigorous treatment. It supplies a single source for all the information required to identify and manage diverse types of salinity stresses.
Zielgruppe
Turfgrass and landscape managers; turfgrass scientists and practitioners; golf course superintendents; sports turf managers agronomists; crop scientists; groundskeepers; horticulturalists; plant scientists; soil scientists; landscape architects extension agents; and turfgrass students.
Autoren/Hrsg.
Fachgebiete
Weitere Infos & Material
UNDERSTANDING CHARACTERISTICS OF SALT-AFFECTED SITES
Basics of Salt-Affected Sites
Overview and Classification of Salt-Affected Sites
Causes
Scope of Salinity Problems
Successful Salinity Management Approach
Saline Soils
Overview Of Saline Soil Problems
Total Soluble Salts (Total Salinity) Problems
Ion Toxicities and Problem Ions
Nutrients and Ion Imbalances
Managing Saline Soils
Sodic, Saline-Sodic, and Alkaline Soils
Sodic Soil Problems
Saline-Sodic Soils
Acid-Sulfate Soils
SITE ASSESSMENT BMPS FOR SALINE AND SODIC SOIL SITES
Salinity Soil Tests and Interpretation
Basics of Soil Sampling and Testing
Salt-Affected Soil Test Packages
Field Monitoring of Soil Salinity
Routine Soil Test Methods
Soil Testing
SLAN Approach, Extractants, and Interpretation
BCSR Approach, CEC Measurement, and Interpretation
Water Extractable (SPE, Dilute) Nutrients/Ions
Understanding the Soil Test Report
Irrigation Water Quality Tests, Interpretation, and Selection
Water Quality Testing
General Water Quality Characteristics
Total Soluble Salts (Total Salinity)
Sodium Permeability Hazard
Specific Ion Impact (Root Injury; Shoot Accumulation Injury)
Direct Foliage Injury And Miscellaneous Problems
Nutrients
Trace Elements
Irrigation Water Selection
Summary Table
Plant Analysis for Turfgrass
Theory and Practice of Plant Analyses
Sampling
Sample Preparation
Analysis of Sample
Interpretation and Recommendations of Test Results
Assessment for Salt Movement, Additions, and Retention
Assessing Soil Physical Properties
Drainage Assessment for Drainage Impediments
Salinity Disposal Options
Restricting Salt Additions
Hydro-Geological Assessment for Protection of Surface and Ground Waters
MANAGEMENT BMPS FOR SALINE AND SODIC SOILS SITES
Selection of Turfgrass and Landscape Plants
Plant Genetic and Physiological Responses to Salinity
Turfgrass Salinity Tolerance
Salinity Tolerance Mechanisms
Landscape Plants and Salinity Tolerance
Irrigation System Design and Maintenance for Poor Water Quality
Irrigation System Distribution Efficiency is Critical on Salt-Affected Sites
System Design Considerations for Managing Poor Quality Water
Irrigation System Distribution Uniformity (Water Audit)
Sites With Poorly Designed Irrigation Systems
Irrigation Scheduling and Salinity Leaching
Routine Irrigation Scheduling – Basics
Factors Affecting Salinity Leaching
Maintenance Leaching and Leaching Requirement (LR)
Reclamation Leaching
Pulse Irrigation and Other Water Application Methods
Enhancing Effectiveness of Salt Leaching – Summary
Salinity Management During Establishment
Selection of Amendments
Overview of Remediation Approaches in Sodic Situations
Calcium Sources
Acid Forming Materials + Lime Source
Organic Amendments for Sodic Soil Reclamation
Phytoremediation
Amendment Application Options and Guidelines
Amendment Application – Overview
Irrigation Water Acidification
Gypsum Requirement – Sodic Soils and Irrigation Water Injection
Irrigation Water Blending and Salt Loads
Cultivation, Topdressing, and Soil Modification
Soil Physical Problems – Overview
Cultivation on Saline and Sodic Soils – Guidelines
Topdressing
Soil Modification
Drainage and Sand-Capping
Drainage and Salinity
Surface Drainage
Subsurface Drainage
Sand-Capping Salt-Affected Sites
Nutritional Practices on Saline and Sodic Sites
Nutrient/Ion Rich Irrigation Water – Challenges
Monitoring Nutritional Status: Proactive or Reactive
Saline Irrigation Water Nutritional Considerations
Products, Labels, and Recommendations
Summary
Additional Cultural Practices
Salinity and Associated Stresses on a Site
Environmental Challenges and Management
Traffic Stresses and Management
Additional Amendments for Salinity Management
Greens Management Considerations
Biotic Stress X Salinity Interactions
Proactive Monitoring of Progress
Assessing Progress in BMP Salinity Management
Practical Considerations for on-Going Monitoring Programs
Criteria for Proactive Monitoring
ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP AND SUSTAINABILITY
Sustainable/Environmental Management Systems
Sustainable Environmental Management
Components of a Sustainable/EMS Plan on Salt-Affected Sites
Common Sense Approach to Long Term Sustainability
NON-TRADITIONAL USE OF TURFGRASSES ON SALT-AFFECTED SITES
Reclamation, Drainage Water Reuse Schemes, and Halophytic Forage Sites
Non-Traditional Uses of Halophytic Turfgrasses
Reclamation and Site Assessment
Grass Selection Issues
Establishment Challenges and Methods
Management Challenges and Considerations
References
Index
