Ceccarelli Distinguished Figures in Mechanism and Machine Science: Their Contributions and Legacies

1. Auflage 2007
ISBN: 978-1-4020-6366-4
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band 1, 393 Seiten

Reihe: History of Mechanism and Machine Science

This is the ?rst volume of a series of edited books whose aim is to collect contributed papers in a framework that can serve as a dictionary of names of individuals who have made contributions to the discipline of MMS (Me- anism and Machine Science). This dictionary project has the peculiarity that, through descriptions of the ideas and work of these individuals, the papers will illustrate mainly technical developments in the historical evolution of the individual ?elds that today de?ne the scope of MMS. Thus the core of each contribution will be a survey of biographical notes describing the efforts and experiences of these people. Finding appropriate technical experts as authors for such papers and - couraging them to write them has been a challenge; it is a demanding and time-consuming effort to produce such in-depth articles that delve deeply into the historical background of their topics of expertise. This ?rst volume of the dictionary project has been possible thanks to the invited authors who have enthusiastically shared the initiative and have spent time and effort in prep- ing papers that have the novel characteristics of survey and historical notes. The papers in this volume cover the wide ?eld of the History of Mechanical Engineering with speci?c focus on MMS. I believe that a reader who takes advantage of the papers in this book, as well as future ones, will ?nd further satisfaction and motivation for her or his work (historical or not).

Autoren/Hrsg.

Ceccarelli, Marco

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;TABLE OF CONTENTS;6
2;PREFACE BY THE SERIES EDITOR, PROFESSOR M. CECCARELLI;8
3;PREFACE;10
4;ARCHIMEDES ( 287 – 212 BC);12
4.1;Biographical Notes;12
4.2;Archimedes’ Works;17
4.3;Review of Main Works on Mechanism Design;25
4.4;Modern Interpretation of Main Contributions in Machines and Mechanisms Design;35
4.5;Acknowledgments;38
4.6;References;39
5;AGUSTÍN DE BETANCOURT Y MOLINA ( 1758 – 1824);42
5.1;Biographical Notes;42
5.2;List of Main Works;46
5.3;Review of Main Works on the Design of Mechanisms;48
5.4;On the Circulation of Works;63
5.5;Modern Interpretation of Main contributions to Mechanism Design;67
5.6;References;69
6;OENE BOTTEMA ( 1901 – 1992);72
6.1;Biographical Notes;72
6.2;Bottema’s Main Works;75
6.3;Review of Main Work Related to Mechanism Design;75
6.4;On the Reception of His Work;86
6.5;Acknowledgements;86
6.6;References;86
7;WILLIAM KINGDON CLIFFORD ( 1845 – 1879);90
7.1;Biographical Notes;90
7.2;List of Main Works;94
7.3;Review of Main Works on Mechanism and Machine Science;95
7.4;Modern Interpretation of Contributions to Mechanism and Machine Science;109
7.5;References;125
8;NICOLAUS COPERNICUS ( 1473 – 1543);128
8.1;Biographical Notes;128
8.2;Astronomical Studies and Observations;131
8.3;Review of Fundamental Manuscripts;132
8.4;Copernicus’ Contribution to Mechanics of Celestial Bodies Compared to the Existing Theories;135
8.5;Modern Interpretation of Copernicus’ Contribution to General Mechanics and Mechanism Design;137
8.6;Summary;142
8.7;Acknowledgements;144
8.8;References;144
9;ALEXANDER YERSHOV ( 1818 – 1867);146
9.1;Biographical Notes;146
9.2;List of Main Works;149
9.3;Review of Main Works on Mechanism Design;149
9.4;Foundation of Collection of Mechanisms in IMTSS;156
9.5;About Higher Technical Education in Western Europe;156
9.6;Regulations’ Project of Imperial Moscow Technical Supreme School;159
9.7;Modern Interpretation of Main Contributions to Mechanism Design;159
9.8;Acknowledgements;160
9.9;References;160
10;FERDINAND FREUDENSTEIN ( 1926 – 2006);162
10.1;Biographical Notes;162
10.2;List of (Main) Works;175
10.3;Review of Main Works on Mechanism Design;183
10.4;Modern Interpretation of Main Contributions to Mechanism Design;191
10.5;Acknowledgements;192
11;KURT HAIN ( 1908 – 1995);194
11.1;Biographical Notes;194
11.2;List of Main Works;201
11.3;Review of Main Works on Mechanism Design;203
11.4;Modern Interpretation of Main Contributions to Mechanism Design;222
11.5;References;226
12;HERON OF ALEXANDRIA ( c. 10 – 85 AD);228
12.1;Introduction;228
12.2;Biographical Notes;229
12.3;List of Main Works;231
12.4;Review of Main Works on Mechanism Design;233
12.5;Modern Interpretation of Main Contributions to Mechanism Design;235
12.6;Conclusions;250
12.7;Appendix;250
12.8;References;255
13;WILLIBALD LICHTENHELDT ( 1901 – 1980);258
13.1;Biographical Notes;258
13.2;List of (Main) Works;263
13.3;Review of Main Works on Mechanism Design;265
13.4;Modern Interpretation of Main Contributions to Mechanism Design;270
13.5;References;274
14;XIAN-ZHOU LIU ( 1890 – 1975);278
14.1;Biographical Notes;278
14.2;Works on Mechanism and Machine Theory;280
14.3;Modern Interpretation of Main Contributions to Mechanism Design;287
14.4;Acknowledgement;288
14.5;References;288
15;GIULIO MOZZI ( 1730 – 1813);290
15.1;Biographical Notes;290
15.2;A Review of the Treatise by Giulio Mozzi;293
15.3;On the Circulation of the Treatise;297
15.4;Modern Interpretation of Main Contributions to Mechanism Design;299
15.5;Acknowledgements;302
15.6;References;302
16;THÉODORE OLIVIER ( 1793 – 1853);306
16.1;Biographical Notes;306
16.2;List of Works;309
16.3;Review of Main Works on Mechanism Design;316
16.4;Modern Interpretation of Main Contributions to Mechanism Design;323
16.5;References;328
17;UFIMTSEV ANATOLY GEORGIEVICH ( 1880 – 1936);330
17.1;Biographical Notes;330
17.2;List of Main Inventions;333
17.3;Review of Main Works on Mechanism Design;334
17.4;Modern Interpretation of Main Contributions to Mechanism Design;343
17.5;Summary;346
17.6;Acknowledgements;346
17.7;References;346
18;JAMES WATT ( 1736 – 1819);348
18.1;Biographical Notes;348
18.2;Review of Main Work on Mechanism Design;357
18.3;On the Circulation of Works;363
18.4;Modern Interpretation of Main Contribution to Mechanism Design;367
18.5;Concluding Remarks;377
18.6;Acknowledgements;379
18.7;References;379
19;WALTER WUNDERLICH ( 1910 – 1998);382
19.1;Biographical Notes;382
19.2;List of Main Works;384
19.3;A Review of Walter Wunderlich’s Scientific Work;386
19.4;Modern Interpretation of Main Contributions to Mechanism Design;399
19.5;Acknowledgement;401
19.6;References;401

Leseproben

(p. 31)



Abstract.
Agustín de Betancourt, together with José María de Lanz, is known as co-author of "Essai sur la composition des machines", considered to be the first modern treatise on machines and the first book that contains a proposal for the classification of mechanisms based on criteria of transformation of motion. Two periods can be distinguished in his biographical trajectory: the first one is in Spain at the service of the Spanish Crown, from his birth in 1758 until 1808, and the second one is in Russia at the service of the Russian Empire from 1808 until his death in 1824. This paper is focused on the works and contributions developed in the Spanish period.

Biographical Notes

Agustín José Pedro del Carmen Domingo de Candelaria de Betancourt y Molina was born on the 1st of February, 1758 in Puerto de la Cruz (Canary Islands, Spain), in the bosom of an enlightened family. His primary education was carried out in the Dominican Monastery of La Orotava. Agustín de Betancourt himself will say later that, from all he had learned throughout his life, nothing was as useful as the development during his first years in the Canary Islands of some textile machines, such as the thread covering machine, which were made as a hobby and had been the origin of his attraction to the mechanical arts.

In his biography, several periods can be distinguished: from 1778 to 1784 there is a first formative period in Madrid, from 1785 to 1791 there is a second formative period in Paris in which the future Royal Laboratory of Machines was developed, from 1792 to 1793 there is a period in Madrid as Director of the Royal Laboratory of Machines, from 1793 to 1796 he visited England where he had the opportunity to learn about Watt’s works on the steam machine, from 1797 to 1798 he visited Paris where he published two important essays on the steam engine, for the period 1799 to 1807 he returned to Spain and created the School of Civil Engineering, for the period 1807 to 1808 he returned to Paris and published "Essai sur la composition des machines", in 1808 he moved to Russia, remaining there until his death in 1824.

Next, each one of these periods will be analyzed with greater detail. Under a grant of the Secretary of Industry, D. José Gálvez, Betancourt moved to Madrid in October of 1778. From 1778 to 1784 he studied in Madrid at the Reales Estudios de San Isidro, directed by his cousin Estanislao Lugo-Viña Molina, where he learned Arithmetic, Algebra, Geometry, Trigonometry, Mathematical Analysis, Theory of Curved Lines, Differential and Integral Calculus and Mechanics (static and dynamic) and at the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando where he studied Physics and Drawing.

In 1783, D. José Moñino, Count of Floridablanca, first Secretary of State, put him in charge of a visit to inspect the mines of Almadén, given his recognized expertise.