Ceccarelli Distinguished Figures in Mechanism and Machine Science: Their Contributions and Legacies

1. Auflage 2007
ISBN: 978-1-4020-6366-4
Verlag: Springer Netherland
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band 1, 396 Seiten, eBook

Reihe: History of Mechanism and Machine Science

This is the ?rst volume of a series of edited books whose aim is to collect contributed papers in a framework that can serve as a dictionary of names of individuals who have made contributions to the discipline of MMS (Me- anism and Machine Science). This dictionary project has the peculiarity that, through descriptions of the ideas and work of these individuals, the papers will illustrate mainly technical developments in the historical evolution of the individual ?elds that today de?ne the scope of MMS. Thus the core of each contribution will be a survey of biographical notes describing the efforts and experiences of these people. Finding appropriate technical experts as authors for such papers and - couraging them to write them has been a challenge; it is a demanding and time-consuming effort to produce such in-depth articles that delve deeply into the historical background of their topics of expertise. This ?rst volume of the dictionary project has been possible thanks to the invited authors who have enthusiastically shared the initiative and have spent time and effort in prep- ing papers that have the novel characteristics of survey and historical notes. The papers in this volume cover the wide ?eld of the History of Mechanical Engineering with speci?c focus on MMS. I believe that a reader who takes advantage of the papers in this book, as well as future ones, will ?nd further satisfaction and motivation for her or his work (historical or not).

Zielgruppe

Research

Autoren/Hrsg.

Ceccarelli, Marco

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Archimedes (287–212 BC).- Agustín de Betancourt y Molina (1758–1824).- Oene Bottema (1901–1992).- William Kingdon Clifford (1845–1879).- Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543).- Alexander Yershov (1818–1867).- Ferdinand Freudenstein (1926–2006).- Kurt Hain (1908–1995).- Heron of Alexandria (c. 10–85 AD).- Willibald Lichtenheldt (1901–1980).- Xian-Zhou Liu (1890–1975).- Giulio Mozzi (1730–1813).- Théodore Olivier (1793–1853).- Ufimtsev anatoly georgievich (1880–1936).- James Watt (1736–1819).- Walter Wunderlich (1910–1998).

Leseproben

AGUSTÍN DE BETANCOURT Y MOLINA (1758–1824) (p. 31)

Juan Ignacio Cuadrado Iglesias
Mechanical Engineering and Materials Department, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
Abstract.
Agustín de Betancourt, together with José María de Lanz, is known as co-author of "Essai sur la composition des machines", considered to be the first modern treatise on machines and the first book that contains a proposal for the classification of mechanisms based on criteria of transformation of motion. Two periods can be distinguished in his biographical trajectory: the first one is in Spain at the service of the Spanish Crown, from his birth in 1758 until 1808, and the second one is in Russia at the service of the Russian Empire from 1808 until his death in 1824. This paper is focused on the works and contributions developed in the Spanish period.

Biographical Notes

Agustín José Pedro del Carmen Domingo de Candelaria de Betancourt y Molina was born on the 1st of February, 1758 in Puerto de la Cruz (Canary Islands, Spain), in the bosom of an enlightened family. His primary education was carried out in the Dominican Monastery of La Orotava. Agustín de Betancourt himself will say later that, from all he had learned throughout his life, nothing was as useful as the development during his first years in the Canary Islands of some textile machines, such as the thread covering machine, which were made as a hobby and had been the origin of his attraction to the mechanical arts.

In his biography, several periods can be distinguished: from 1778 to 1784 there is a first formative period in Madrid, from 1785 to 1791 there is a second formative period in Paris in which the future Royal Laboratory of Machines was developed, from 1792 to 1793 there is a period in Madrid as Director of the Royal Laboratory of Machines, from 1793 to 1796 he visited England where he had the opportunity to learn about Watt’s works on the steam machine, from 1797 to 1798 he visited Paris where he published two important essays on the steam engine, for the period 1799 to 1807 he returned to Spain and created the School of Civil Engineering, for the period 1807 to 1808 he returned to Paris and published "Essai sur la composition des machines", in 1808 he moved to Russia, remaining there until his death in 1824.

Next, each one of these periods will be analyzed with greater detail. Under a grant of the Secretary of Industry, D. José Gálvez, Betancourt moved to Madrid in October of 1778. From 1778 to 1784 he studied in Madrid at the Reales Estudios de San Isidro, directed by his cousin Estanislao Lugo-Viña Molina, where he learned Arithmetic, Algebra, Geometry, Trigonometry, Mathematical Analysis, Theory of Curved Lines, Differential and Integral Calculus and Mechanics (static and dynamic) and at the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando where he studied Physics and Drawing.

In 1783, D. José Moñino, Count of Floridablanca, first Secretary of State, put him in charge of a visit to inspect the mines of Almadén, given his recognized expertise.

Über Autor(innen)

Marco Ceccarelli was born in Rome in 1958. He received his mechanical engineering degree cum laude in 1982 at the University "La Sapienza" of Rome. At the same University he completed a Ph.D. in Applied Mechanics in 1988. In 1987 he was visiting scholar at Stanford University, U.S.A., and in 1990 he received a CNR-NATO annual grant as visiting professor at the Technical University of Valencia, Spain. Since 1990 he teaches courses on Mechanics of Machinery and Mechanisms and Mechanics of Robots at the School of Engineering at the University of Cassino. Since 1996 he is Director of LARM, the Laboratory of Robotics and Mechatronics of DiMSAT, the Department of Mechanics, Structures, Environment and Territory at the University of Cassino. Since 2001 he has been appointed Full Professor of Mechanics of Machinery and Mechanisms at the University of Cassino. From 2003 to 2005 he has been Vice Director of DiMSAT. He is member of ASME (The American Society of Mechanical Engineers), AIMETA (Italian Society for Theoretical and Applied Mechanics), AEIM (Spanish Society of Mechanical Engineers), SIRJ (Italian Association of Robotics and Automation), IEEE (the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), FeIbIM (Iberoamerican Federation for Mechanical Engineering).  He is author or co-author of more than two hundreds and fifty papers, which have been presented at Conferences or published in national and international journals. More information at the web page http:llwebuser.unicas.itlweblarmllarmindex.htm